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Cílem práce je prezentace méně známé průkopnické práce profesorky Natalie Petrovny Bechtěrevové z leningradského Institutu experimentální medicíny na poli léčby některých neurologických onemocnění (Parkinsonova choroba, fantomová bolest, dystonie) pomocí stimulace definovaných mozkových struktur (thalamická jádra, bazální ganglia) cestou dlouhodobě externalizovaných intracerebrálních elektrod. Mimo překvapivě dobrých trvalých výsledků je nutné zmínit i některá data, která nutí k úvaze o možnosti zneužití technik mozkové stimulace.
The study aims to present the less widely known pioneering work of Prof. Natalyia Petrovna Bechtereva from the Leningrad Institute of Experimental Medicine utilising electrical stimulation of defined deep brain structures (thalamic nuclei, basal ganglia) by means of long - term externalised intracerebral electrodes for the treatment of some neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease, phantom limb pain, dystonia). Together with the surprisingly long lasting good results some data suggesting the potential abuse of brain stimulation techniques must be noted.
- MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- hluboká mozková stimulace * dějiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc chirurgie MeSH
- stereotaktické techniky dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- SSSR MeSH
Polyphenolic compounds play an essential role in plant growth, reproduction, and defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental stresses. Extracting these compounds is the initial step in assessing phytochemical changes, where the choice of extraction method significantly influences the extracted analytes. However, due to environmental factors, analyzing numerous samples is necessary for statistically significant results, often leading to the use of harmful organic solvents for extraction. Therefore, in this study, a novel DES-based shaking-assisted extraction procedure for the separation of polyphenolic compounds from plant samples followed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis was developed. The DES was prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and fructose (Fru) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at various molar ratios with the addition of 30% water to reduce viscosity. Several experimental variables affecting extraction efficiency were studied and optimized using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) and confirmed by response surface design (RS). Nearly the same experimental conditions were obtained using both optimization methods and were set as follows: 30 mg of sample, 300 mg of ChCl:Fru 1:2 DES containing 30% w/w of water, 500 rpm shaking speed, 30 min extraction time, 10°C extraction temperature. The results were compared with those obtained using conventional solvents, such as ethanol, methanol and water, whereby the DES-based shaking-assisted extraction method showed a higher efficiency than the classical procedures. The greenness of the developed method was compared with the greenness of existing procedures for the extraction of polyphenolic substances from solid plant samples using the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) approach, while the results for the developed method were better or comparable to the existing ones. In addition, the practicability of the developed procedure was evaluated by application of the blue applicability grade index (BAGI) metric. The developed procedure was applied to the determination of spruce root samples with satisfactory results and has the potential for use in the analysis of similar plant samples.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endodoncie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moláry patologie MeSH
- nervus mandibularis MeSH
- parodontitida diagnóza terapie MeSH
- resorpce zubního kořene * diagnóza MeSH
- terapie kořenového kanálku * metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
STUDY DESIGN: This report characterises a 25 year old male patient with a complete burst fracture of the fifth lumbar vertebra with dislocation. He was treated by posterior surgery with transpedicular instrumentation and an expandable cage from the posterior approach. OBJECTIVES: Burst fractures of the fifth lumbar vertebra are extremely rare. Patients with positive neurological findings should be treated by the posterior approach. This surgery consists of reduction, decompression, transpedicular stabilisation and fusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The young man in our report was treated by posterior surgery only. It consisted of laminectomy, suture of the thecal sac tear, discectomies and subtotal removal of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Repositioning was carried out simultaneously with support using Synex TM Synthes USA telescopic cage and SOCON TM Aesculap Germany transpedicular fixator. RESULTS: The patient suffered neither wound complications nor instrumentation failure. He is currently able to walk with the help of peroneal bands but without crutches. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of fractures of the fifth lumbar vertebra depends on fracture type and neurological findings. Conservative management of this condition is appropriate provided there is no neurological damage and canal stenosis and deformity is minimal. Surgical treatment of burst lumbar fractures with neurological deficit is strongly recommended. The optimum treatment remains debatable.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle chirurgie radiografie zranění MeSH
- chirurgická dekomprese metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fraktury páteře chirurgie radiografie MeSH
- fúze páteře metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- interní fixátory trendy MeSH
- laminektomie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lumbalgie MeSH
- míšní kořeny patofyziologie zranění MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- neuropatie nervus peroneus patofyziologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- pokus o sebevraždu MeSH
- polyradikulopatie etiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- radikulopatie etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Structural changes of thoracic aorta (TA), carotid (CA) and iliac artery (IA) were assessed in Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) aged 3, 17, and 52 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (sBP) was measured by plethysmography weekly. After perfusion fixation the arteries were processed for electron microscopy. The wall thickness (WT), cross-sectional area (CSA), inner diameter (ID), and WT/ID in all arteries and volume densities of endothelial cells (ECs), muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular matrix (ECM) in TA were measured and their CSAs were calculated. In 3-week-old SHR compared to Wistar rats, sBP did not differ; in the TA, all parameters (WT, CSA, ID, WT/ID, CSA of SMCs, CSA of ECs, and CSA of ECM) were decreased; in CA, WT and CSA did not differ, ID was decreased, and WT/ID was increased; in IA, WT, CSA, and ID were increased. In 17- and 52-week-old SHRs, sBP and all parameters in all arteries were increased, only ID in IE in 52-week-old SHRs and CSA of ECs in the TA in 17-week-old SHRs did not change. Disproportionality between BP increase and structural alterations during ontogeny in SHR could reflect the flexibility of the arterial tree to the different needs of supplied areas.
- MeSH
- aorta thoracica patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- arteria iliaca patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- arteriae carotides patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- hypertenze patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- tunica intima patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Establishment of nonmycorrhizal controls is a "classic and recurrent theme" in mycorrhizal research. For decades, authors reported mycorrhizal plant growth/nutrition as compared to various nonmycorrhizal controls. In such studies, uncertainties remain about which nonmycorrhizal controls are most appropriate and, in particular, what effects the control inoculations have on substrate and root microbiomes. Here, different types of control and mycorrhizal inoculations were compared with respect to plant growth and nutrition, as well as the structure of root and substrate microbiomes, assessed by next-generation sequencing. We compared uninoculated ("absolute") control to inoculation with blank pot culture lacking arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, filtrate of that blank inoculum, and filtrate of complex pot-produced mycorrhizal inoculum. Those treatments were compared to a standard mycorrhizal treatment, where the previously sterilized substrate was inoculated with complex pot-produced inoculum containing Rhizophagus irregularis SYM5. Besides this, monoxenically produced inoculum of the same fungus was applied either alone or in combination with blank inoculum. The results indicate that the presence of mycorrhizal fungus always resulted in stimulation of Andropogon gerardii plant biomass as well as in elevated phosphorus content of the plants. The microbial (bacterial and fungal) communities developing in the differently inoculated treatments, however, differed substantially from each other and no control could be obtained comparable with the treatment inoculated with complex mycorrhizal inoculum. Soil microorganisms with significant biological competences that could potentially contribute to the effects of the various inoculants on the plants were detected in roots and in plant cultivation substrate in some of the treatments.
BACKGROUND: Soil microorganisms are key determinants of soil fertility and plant health. Soil phytopathogenic fungi are one of the most important causes of crop losses worldwide. Microbial biocontrol agents have been extensively studied as alternatives for controlling phytopathogenic soil microorganisms, but molecular interactions between them have mainly been characterised in dual cultures, without taking into account the soil microbial community. We used an RNA sequencing approach to elucidate the molecular interplay of a soil microbial community in response to a plant pathogen and its biocontrol agent, in order to examine the molecular patterns activated by the microorganisms. RESULTS: A simplified soil microcosm containing 11 soil microorganisms was incubated with a plant root pathogen (Armillaria mellea) and its biocontrol agent (Trichoderma atroviride) for 24 h under controlled conditions. More than 46 million paired-end reads were obtained for each replicate and 28,309 differentially expressed genes were identified in total. Pathway analysis revealed complex adaptations of soil microorganisms to the harsh conditions of the soil matrix and to reciprocal microbial competition/cooperation relationships. Both the phytopathogen and its biocontrol agent were specifically recognised by the simplified soil microcosm: defence reaction mechanisms and neutral adaptation processes were activated in response to competitive (T. atroviride) or non-competitive (A. mellea) microorganisms, respectively. Moreover, activation of resistance mechanisms dominated in the simplified soil microcosm in the presence of both A. mellea and T. atroviride. Biocontrol processes of T. atroviride were already activated during incubation in the simplified soil microcosm, possibly to occupy niches in a competitive ecosystem, and they were not further enhanced by the introduction of A. mellea. CONCLUSIONS: This work represents an additional step towards understanding molecular interactions between plant pathogens and biocontrol agents within a soil ecosystem. Global transcriptional analysis of the simplified soil microcosm revealed complex metabolic adaptation in the soil environment and specific responses to antagonistic or neutral intruders.
- MeSH
- anotace sekvence MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu genetika MeSH
- kořeny rostlin genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- metagenom MeSH
- metagenomika metody MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- transkriptom * MeSH
- výpočetní biologie metody MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse results and risk factors of death after the repair of the interrupted aortic arch, and to compare results obtained with the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest versus isolated cerebral perfusion. METHODS: The primary repair of the interrupted aortic arch and associated heart lesions was performed in 50 consecutive patients. The median age was 5 days and the mean weight was 3.1+/-0.6 kg. The interrupted aortic arch was of type A in 12 (24%) patients, type B in 37 (74%) and type C in one (2%) patient. Ventricular septal defect was present in 48 (96%) patients, subaortic stenosis in 15 (30%), truncus arteriosus in 14 (28%), transposition of the great arteries in two (4%), aortopulmonary window in two (4%) and double-outlet right ventricle in one (2%). The surgery consisted of reconstruction of the aortic arch by direct anastomosis and repair of associated heart lesions. In 25 (50%) patients, aortic arch reconstruction was performed using hypothermic circulatory arrest (group I) and in 25 by isolated cerebral perfusion (group II). The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping and circulatory arrest or isolated cerebral perfusion was 191+/-46 min, 90+/-24 min and 40+/-14 min, respectively, in group I; and 194+/-39 min, 74+/-20 min and 31+/-6 min, respectively, in group II. RESULTS: There were 10 (20%) deaths in this series, eight (32%) in group I and two (8%) in group II. Out of 12 patients operated before 1995, seven (58%) patients died; and out of 38 patients operated between 1995 and 2009, three (8%) patients died (p=0.008). By Cox multifactorial analysis, the earlier date of operation represented the only risk factor of death (p=0.037). Twelve (71%) survivors in group I and five (22%) survivors in group II required re-intervention, most often for subaortic stenosis, aortic arch obstruction or conduit obstruction. All patients remain in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II at median 12.6 years in group I, and 1.7 years in group II, respectively, after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Interrupted aortic arch can be repaired in neonates with a mortality of 5-10%. The results depend on experience. Isolated cerebral perfusion was joined with decreased mortality but it did not influence the occurrence of neurological complications.
- MeSH
- anastomóza chirurgická metody MeSH
- aorta thoracica abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- cévy - implantace protéz metody MeSH
- epidemiologické metody MeSH
- kardiopulmonální bypass MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkový krevní oběh MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- reoperace metody MeSH
- vrozené srdeční vady chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zástava krevního oběhu vyvolaná hlubokou hypotermií metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
