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The use of biocompatible hydrogels has widely extended the potential of additive manufacturing (AM) in the biomedical field leading to the production of 3D tissue and organ analogs for in vitro and in vivo studies.In this work, the direct-write deposition of thermosensitive hydrogels is described as a facile route to obtain 3D cell-laden constructs with controlled 3D structure and stable behavior under physiological conditions.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk * MeSH
- algináty chemie MeSH
- hydrogely chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrotechnologie metody MeSH
- poloxamer chemie MeSH
- polymery chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... p. 5 -- Part 1: Why do we write? p. 9 -- Part 2: Why do we fail and what can we do about it? ... ... communicate differently p. 30 -- We haven’t given the topic enough thought p. 34 -- We forget that writing ... ... level p. 54 -- Rule 3: Plan p. 65 -- Rule 4: Make sure your structure is clear p. 68 -- Rule 5: Be direct ... ... words as much as you can p. 96 -- Rule 8: Don’t repeat words and phrases p. 102 -- Rule 9: Practice writing ... ... p. 107 -- Rule 10: Re-read, revise and re-write, all the time p. 109 -- Conclusion p. 115 -- Sources ...
First edition 118 stran ; 21 cm
V tomto článku se věnujeme vztahu mezi lékařem a pacientem v souvislostech institutu „dříve projevených přání pacienta“. Věnujeme se vztahům mezi lékařem a pacientem, zvláště principům autonomie a paternalistického přístupu. Ptáme se, jaký má být vztah mezi lékařem a pacientem, aby měl pacient co největší jistotu, že v případě, kdy nebude schopen o sobě rozhodovat, se o něj bude pečovat tak, jak si přeje. Vztah mezi lékařem a pacientem se nemůže vyznačovat vzájemnou nedůvěrou a vzájemnými obavami. V zájmu obou stran je kooperace a komunikace. Bez těchto dvou momentů není naplnění smyslu pacientova prohlášení možné.
In this article we write about the relationship between the doctor and the patient in connection with the advance directives. We are looking for a form of the relation between the doctor and the patient, in which the patient has security about his/her life in the situation when she/he can no longer decide about his/her therapy. The relationship between the doctor and the patient cannot be characterized by mistrust and mutual doubts. The interest of both parties is a mutual cooperation and communication. Without these two moments it is not possible to fulfil the sense of patient’s advance directive.
The additive manufacturing technique of direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization (2PP-DLW) enables the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with superior accuracy and flexibility. When combined with biomimetic hydrogel materials, 2PP-DLW can be used to recreate the microarchitectures of the extracellular matrix. However, there are currently only a limited number of hydrogels applicable for 2PP-DLW. In order to widen the selection of synthetic biodegradable hydrogels, in this work we studied the 2PP-DLW of methacryloylated and acryloylated poly(α-amino acid)s (poly(AA)s). The performance of these materials was compared to widely used poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates (PEGdas) in terms of polymerization and damage thresholds, voxel size, line width, post-polymerization swelling and deformation. We found that both methacryloylated and acryloylated poly(AA) hydrogels are suitable to 2PP-DLW with a wider processing window than PEGdas. The poly(AA) with the highest degree of acryloylation showed the greatest potential for 3D microfabrication.
Trifluralin is herbicide of the dinitroanilines group in which NO2 molecules are attached to the benzene ring at diverse positions. Trifluralin affects endocrine function and is listed as an endocrine disrupter in the European Union list. Therefore, its determination is so important in health science. In this study, an easy, sensitive and environmentally friendly method has been developed for determination of trifluralin based on its electrochemical oxidation on a three-electrode system designed on the surface of agricultural products using Ag-citrate/GQDs (graphene quantum dots) nano-ink. The sensor was prepared by direct writing on the surface of the samples. The designed electrodes were dried after 24 h at room temperature and used for trifluralin detection. Under optimized experimental conditions, the Ag-citrate/GQDs nano-ink based sensor was exhibited good sensitivity and specificity for trifluralin detection. The obtained linear range using the cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique is between 0.008 to 1 mM and low limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.008 mM. Also, the obtained linear range using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) and square wave voltammetric (SWV) techniques is 0.005-0.04 mM with LLOQ of 0.005 mM. For further validation of the applicability of the proposed method, it was also used for detection of trifluralin on the surface of apple skin.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The spatial location of activation for writing individual letters and for writing simple dots was studied using event-related functional MRI. Ten healthy right-handed subjects were scanned while performing two different protocols with self-paced repetitive movement. In the first protocol with self-paced dot writing, we observed significant activation in regions known to participate in motor control: contralateral to the movement in the primary sensorimotor and supramarginal cortices, the supplementary motor area (SMA) with the underlying cingulate, in the thalamus and, to a lesser extent, in the ipsilateral inferior parietal and occipital cortices. In the second protocol, we investigated an elemental writing feature--writing single letters. We observed statistically significant changes in the premotor, sensorimotor and supramarginal cortices, the SMA and the thalamus with left predominance, and in the bilateral premotor and inferior/superior parietal cortices. The parietal region that was active during the writing of single letters spanned the border between the parietal superior and inferior lobuli Brodmann area (BA 2, 40), deep in the intraparietal sulcus, with a surprising right-sided dominance. The direct comparison of the results of the two protocols was not significant with a confidence level of P<0.05 corrected for whole brain volume. Thus, the ROI approach was used, and we tried to find significant differences within the two predefined regions of interest (ROI) (BA 7, BA 37). The differences were found with a confidence level of P<0.05 corrected for the volume of these predicted areas. The ROI were located in the posterior parts of hemispheres, in the ventral and in the dorsal visual pathway. The right-sided posterior cortices may play a role in the elemental mechanisms of writing. It is possible that activation of this region is linked with the spatial dimension of the writing.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- funkční lateralita MeSH
- kyslík krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- psaní MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- temenní lalok fyziologie krevní zásobení MeSH
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- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Některých změn v prožívání pacienta lze dosáhnout pomocí imaginativních technik a psaní dopisů. Tyto přístupy jsou vhodné zejména tam, kde je pacient zahlcen vlastními negativními představami, a tam, kde je vhodné naučit pacienta zvládat silné emoční stavy. Typicky se v kognitivně behaviorální terapii tyto přístupy používají u sociální fobie, posttraumatické stresové poruchy, při traumatickém truchlení a při léčbě poruch osobnosti.
Some changes in patient's experience might be reached using imagination techniques and letter writing. These approaches are im- portant in situations, when patient is overwhelmed by negative images and when copying with strong emotional states is needed. In cognitive behavioral therapy we typically use these strategies in patients with social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, t raumatic mourning process and in the treatment of personality disorders.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní poruchy psychologie terapie MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imaginativní postupy v psychoterapii metody MeSH
- kognitivně behaviorální terapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psaní MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05779.].
- Publikační typ
- odvolání publikace MeSH
U 46 probandů různých profesí a národností (19 žen a 27 mužů) ve věkovém rozmezí 18 až 33 let (průměrný věk byl 23,5 roku) byl zkoumán vztah mezi směrovostí (zatáčivostí) chůze (na vzdálenost 5, 10 a 20 metrů) a testy laterality ruky (17 testů), nohy (7 testů) a oka (5 testů) a vztah směrovosti chůze k asymetrií zatížení dolních končetin ve stoji. Směrovost chůze byla Stanovena pomocí indexu směrovosti z 10 pokusů, ostatní testy laterality byly prováděny pouze jednou. Byl prokázán vztah směrovosti chůze s některými testy laterální preference ruky (6 testů) a nohy (pouze test preference pri chůzi ze schodů). Naopak nebyl prokázán vztah směrovosti chůze k okovosti a poněkud překvapivě ani k asymetrickému zatížení dolních končetin ve stoji.
They tested relation between a direction of walk and laterality of a hand, a foot and an eye and in the next, relation between direction of walk and an asymmetrical load of standing legs. The tested group included 46 probands /19 women, 27 men/ in age of 18-33 years. The authors used the several tests /17 in hand, 7 in foot, 5 in eye and 3 in walk on 5-10-20 m/. They proved the positive relation in first case /direction and laterality/ and no relation in case of walk-eye and asymmetrical load of standinf legs.
Laterality is a well described phenomenon in domestic dogs. It was shown that dogs, under calm Earth's magnetic field conditions, when marking their home ranges, tend to head about north- or southwards and display thus magnetic alignment. The question arises whether magnetic alignment might be affected or even compromised by laterality and vice versa. We tested the preference of dogs to choose between two dishes with snacks that were placed left and right, in different compass directions (north and east, east and south, south and west or west and north) in front of them. Some dogs were right-lateral, some left-lateral but most of them were ambilateral. There was a preference for the dish placed north compared to the one placed east of the dog ("pull of the north"). This effect was highly significant in small and medium-sized breeds but not in larger breeds, highly significant in females, in older dogs, in lateralized dogs but less significant or not significant in males, younger dogs, or ambilateral dogs. Laterality and "pull of the north" are phenomena which should be considered in diverse tasks and behavioral tests with which dogs or other animals might be confronted. The interaction and possible conflict between lateralization and "pull of the north" might be also considered as a reason for shifted magnetic alignment observed in different animal species in different contexts.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- funkční lateralita fyziologie MeSH
- magnetické pole MeSH
- psi fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- změna polohy v prostoru fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi fyziologie psychologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
