Distributed environmental research infrastructures are important to support assessments of the effects of global change on landscapes, ecosystems and society. These infrastructures need to provide continuity to address long-term change, yet be flexible enough to respond to rapid societal and technological developments that modify research priorities. We used a horizon scanning exercise to identify and prioritize emerging research questions for the future development of ecosystem and socio-ecological research infrastructures in Europe. Twenty research questions covered topics related to (i) ecosystem structures and processes, (ii) the impacts of anthropogenic drivers on ecosystems, (iii) ecosystem services and socio-ecological systems and (iv), methods and research infrastructures. Several key priorities for the development of research infrastructures emerged. Addressing complex environmental issues requires the adoption of a whole-system approach, achieved through integration of biotic, abiotic and socio-economic measurements. Interoperability among different research infrastructures needs to be improved by developing standard measurements, harmonizing methods, and establishing capacities and tools for data integration, processing, storage and analysis. Future research infrastructures should support a range of methodological approaches including observation, experiments and modelling. They should also have flexibility to respond to new requirements, for example by adjusting the spatio-temporal design of measurements. When new methods are introduced, compatibility with important long-term data series must be ensured. Finally, indicators, tools, and transdisciplinary approaches to identify, quantify and value ecosystem services across spatial scales and domains need to be advanced.

• MeSH
• ekologie * MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• dětská psychiatrie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• duševní poruchy klasifikace   patofyziologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• mentální retardace MeSH
• sociální prostředí MeSH
• terapie prostředím metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH

Assistive technologies are critical to supporting the participation and engagement of persons with disabilities and others who experience functional difficulties in daily life. Assistive products have been demonstrated to be related to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, no previous research has explored the relationship between assistive technology (AT) and the SDGs from the perspective of stakeholder organisations working in the field of AT provision. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of AT and the SDGs to achieving the organisational missions of key stakeholders in AT ecosystem in Malawi. Key stakeholders (n = 36) in the AT field in Malawi were asked to rate the relevance of AT to achieving their organisational missions, and the relevance of AT to each of the 17 SDGs on a 5-point Likert scale. Stakeholders who participated were engaged in consultative meetings with the government and an action research team as part of a larger policy development project, and represented ministries and government agencies, organisations of persons with disabilities, and local and international non-governmental organisations. AT was rated as being relevant to all of the SDGs, albeit to varying degrees, and not surprisingly to achieving AT stakeholders' organisational missions. The cross-cutting nature of the relevance of AT underscores the importance of cross-ministerial cooperation and shared leadership in provision AT.

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pomůcky pro sebeobsluhu * MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Malawi MeSH

Parameters characterizing the structure of the decomposer food web, biomass of the soil microflora (bacteria and fungi) and soil micro-, meso- and macrofauna were studied at 14 non-reclaimed 1- 41-year-old post-mining sites near the town of Sokolov (Czech Republic). These observations on the decomposer food webs were compared with knowledge of vegetation and soil microstructure development from previous studies. The amount of carbon entering the food web increased with succession age in a similar way as the total amount of C in food web biomass and the number of functional groups in the food web. Connectance did not show any significant changes with succession age, however. In early stages of the succession, the bacterial channel dominated the food web. Later on, in shrub-dominated stands, the fungal channel took over. Even later, in the forest stage, the bacterial channel prevailed again. The best predictor of fungal bacterial ratio is thickness of fermentation layer. We argue that these changes correspond with changes in topsoil microstructure driven by a combination of plant organic matter input and engineering effects of earthworms. In early stages, soil is alkaline, and a discontinuous litter layer on the soil surface promotes bacterial biomass growth, so the bacterial food web channel can dominate. Litter accumulation on the soil surface supports the development of the fungal channel. In older stages, earthworms arrive, mix litter into the mineral soil and form an organo-mineral topsoil, which is beneficial for bacteria and enhances the bacterial food web channel.

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• potravní řetězec * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The functional ultrastructure and embryonic development of miracidia in naturally released eggs of the trematode Cardiocephaloides longicollis were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy. This species has operculated eggs and embryogenesis occurs in the marine environment before an actively infecting ciliated miracidium hatches. Six different developmental stages were identified. The lack of pores in the eggshell indicates its impermeability and the miracidium's dependency on glycogen nutritive reserves, contained in numerous vitellocytes in early embryos. As the development advances, these merge into larger vitelline vacuoles that encircle the miracidium and may aid its hatching. Tissue and primary organ differentiation were observed in advanced stages, i.e., terebratorium, glands, cerebral ganglion, peripheral sensory endings, and eyespots. The anterior part of the body contains a single apical and paired lateral glands, as well as two types of sensory endings, which permit location, adhesion, and penetration of the host. No previous studies describe the embryonic development and ultrastructure of miracidia in strigeids, however, some of the structural features shared with other, well described species with unknown life cycles are emphasised. This study highlights that ultrastructural data have to be interpreted in relation to parasite biology to understand the structural requirements of specific parasite strategies.

• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• embryonální vývoj * MeSH
• ovum cytologie   MeSH
• Trematoda anatomie a histologie   cytologie   embryologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• vaječná skořápka anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Microbial activity in forest soils is driven by the dynamics of ecosystem processes, largely dependent on trees as the major primary producers. Diurnal variation of root activity, seasonality of photosynthate production or recalcitrance of decomposing plant biomass all affect microbial abundance, composition of their communities and activity. Due to low N content, fungi appear to be the major decomposers of complex plant biomass: litter and deadwood and to largely shape associated bacterial communities and their activity. On the other hand, bacteria are important in decomposition of fungal mycelia and N-cycle processes including N-fixation. Microbial activity is also affected in the short term by climatic events and in the long-term by ecosystem development after disturbances.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• houby klasifikace   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• koloběh dusíku MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• společenstvo * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• audit řízení MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• environmentální zdraví MeSH
• katastrofy MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• rozhodování organizační MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH

• Konspekt
• Životní prostředí a jeho ochrana
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Angiogeneze je komplexní proces, který má zásadní význam pro růst nádoru, invazivitu a metastazování. V posledních deseti letech byl připraven větší počet látek působících inhibici angiogeneze. V tomto sdělení jsou angiogenní inhibitory roztříděny podle cílového místa zásahu do procesu angiogeneze. Podrobně je popsána úloha VEGF a jeho receptorů, ale jsou uvedeny i další antiangiogenní strategie, jako je inhibice endoteliální proliferace, inhibice matrixmetaloproteáz nebo použití látek působících disrupci nádorových cév.

Angiogenesis is a complex process which is critical for the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumors. In the past ten years numerous new agents have been developed as angiogenesis inhibitors. In the review, angiogenesis inhibitors are classified by their targeted area of the angiogenic process. The role of VEGF and its receptors is described in detail, but other antiangiogenic strategies such as inhibition of endothelial proliferation, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases and use of vascular disrupting agents are also reviewed.

• MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory krevní zásobení   MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• cestovní lékařství MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• nemoci zvířat prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• organizace podporující zdraví MeSH
• regionální programy zdravotní péče MeSH
• regionální zdravotnické plánování MeSH
• všeobecná preventivní opatření MeSH
• zoonózy prevence a kontrola   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• infekční lékařství
• státní správa
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

For decades, biologists have relied on software to visualize and interpret imaging data. As techniques for acquiring images increase in complexity, resulting in larger multidimensional datasets, imaging software must adapt. ImageJ is an open-source image analysis software platform that has aided researchers with a variety of image analysis applications, driven mainly by engaged and collaborative user and developer communities. The close collaboration between programmers and users has resulted in adaptations to accommodate new challenges in image analysis that address the needs of ImageJ's diverse user base. ImageJ consists of many components, some relevant primarily for developers and a vast collection of user-centric plugins. It is available in many forms, including the widely used Fiji distribution. We refer to this entire ImageJ codebase and community as the ImageJ ecosystem. Here we review the core features of this ecosystem and highlight how ImageJ has responded to imaging technology advancements with new plugins and tools in recent years. These plugins and tools have been developed to address user needs in several areas such as visualization, segmentation, and tracking of biological entities in large, complex datasets. Moreover, new capabilities for deep learning are being added to ImageJ, reflecting a shift in the bioimage analysis community towards exploiting artificial intelligence. These new tools have been facilitated by profound architectural changes to the ImageJ core brought about by the ImageJ2 project. Therefore, we also discuss the contributions of ImageJ2 to enhancing multidimensional image processing and interoperability in the ImageJ ecosystem.

• MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu * MeSH
• software * MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH