Cieľom výskumu bolo prvotné overenie psychometrických charakteristík slovenského prekladu Skríningov internalizujúceho (YIBS) a externalizujúceho (YEBS) správania mládeže. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 526 žiakov základných a stredných škôl vo veku 10 až 19 rokov (M = 12,81; SD = 2,00). Koeficienty reliability pre YIBS (ω = 0,87) aj YEBS (ω = 0,81) nadobúdajú uspokojivé hodnoty. Stredne silný vzťah bol zistený medzi školskou začlenenosťou a mierou internalizujúcich (rs = – 0,44; p ˂ 0,001) aj externalizujúcich symptómov (rs = – 0,30; p ˂ 0,001). Výsledky konfirmačnej faktorovej analýzy podporili dvojfaktorovú štruktúru dotazníka YIBS merajúceho úzkosť a depresiu. Hodnoty indikátorov v prípade YEBS boli na hranici akceptovateľnosti pre prijatie trojfaktorového modelu (problémové správanie, hyperaktivita, problémy s pozornosťou) až po identifikovaní a odstránení jednej problematickej položky. Výsledky overovania slovenského prekladu metód poukazujú na uspokojivé psychometrické charakteristiky dotazníka YIBS a zároveň na potrebu reformulácie problematickej položky v škále YEBS.
The aim of the study was an initial investigation of the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Youth Internalizing Behavior Screener (YIBS) and Youth Externalizing Behavior Screener (YEBS). The sample consisted of 526 10– to 19-year-old students of primary and secondary schools (M = 12.81; SD = 2.00). Both measures, YIBS (ω = 0.87) and YEBS (ω = 0.81) had satisfactory reliability coefficients. Medium-to-large associations were found between school membership and internalizing (rs = – 0.44; p ˂ 0.001) as well as externalizing behaviors (rs = – 0.30; p ˂ 0.001). Findings from confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure of YIBS, measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression. Findings for YEBS were barely acceptable to support the three-factor measurement model (conduct problems, hyperactivity, attention problems) only after the identification and removal of a problematic item. The results of the investigation of psychometric properties of methods provide satisfactory evidence in favour of the Slovak version of the YIBS while addressing the need for rewording of the problematic YEBS item.
OBJECTIVES: The current study tested the extent to which the neighborhood context influenced Roma youth adjustment (internalizing and externalizing problems, and academic competence) and whether ethnicity moderated these links and explained unique variance. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from 369 Roma and non-Roma early and middle adolescents. RESULTS: Roma youth reported significantly lower SES, school grades, and academic aspirations. Perceived fear or concerns about neighborhood safety predicted all three internalizing problems, for both Roma and non-Roma adolescents; neighborhood acquaintanceship density and nighttime social activities predicted externalizing behaviors, for both ethnic groups; and finally, both ethnicity and nighttime social activities predicted school grades, while only ethnicity predicted academic aspirations. No significant by ethnicity interaction effects were found. CONCLUSIONS: Roma youth reported lower grades and academic aspirations, but no mean level differences were found in internalizing or externalizing problems by ethnicity. On the other hand, neighborhood variables were important for both groups of youth, and with the exception of measures of academic competence, ethnicity did not explain unique variance. Thus, developmental processes, the links between neighborhood variables and measures of adjustment, were highly similar in Roma and non-Roma youth.
- MeSH
- White People psychology MeSH
- Residence Characteristics * MeSH
- Adolescent Behavior psychology MeSH
- Ethnicity psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Roma psychology MeSH
- Social Behavior * MeSH
- Educational Status * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The present study tested the links between perceived maternal and paternal parenting and internalizing and externalizing problems across ten cultures (China, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States). Self-report data were collected from N = 12,757 adolescents (Mage = 17.13 years, 48.4% female). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models tested whether: (1) the six parenting processes (closeness, support, monitoring, communication, peer approval, and conflict; Adolescent Family Process, Short Form (AFP-SF, 18 items) varied across cultures, and (2) the links between parenting processes and measures of internalizing and externalizing problems varied across cultures. Study findings indicated measurement invariance (configural and metric) of both maternal and paternal parenting processes and that the parenting-internalizing/externalizing problems links did not vary across cultures. Findings underscore the ubiquitous importance of parenting processes for internalizing and externalizing problems across diverse Asian, European, Eurasian, and North American cultures.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Fathers MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Parenting * MeSH
- Cross-Cultural Comparison * MeSH
- Peer Group MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- United States MeSH
Práca pojednáva o vývojových trendoch precitlivenosti na ortuť a jej zlúčeniny a o problematike dentálneho amalgámu. Percento pozitívnych reakcií na zlúčeniny ortuti kleslo od roku 1948 z 10 % na 0,5 % v roku 1994 (najmä zákazom ortuťových zlúčenín v kozmetikách a v externách). Pozitívne reakcie na mertiolát (Thimerosal) sú časté, ale obyčajne bez relevancie. Alergické reakcie na dentálny amalgam sú zriedkavé, výmena amalgámu je oprávnená iba pri súčasnej; pozitívnej reakcii na ortuť a jej zlúčeniny a pri výskyte orálnych lichenoidných lézií, gingivostomatitíd, kontaktného ekzému na amalgam a periorálnej dermatitídy. Odmietajú sa tiež názory na toxické pôsobenie dentálneho amalgámu, čo potvrdzuje aj stanovisko medzinárodných dentálnych inštitúcií.
The paper deals with developmental trends of hypersensitivity to mercury and its compounds and with problems of dental amalgam. The percentage of positive reactions to mercury compounds declined according to patch test from 10 in 1948 to 0.5 in 1994 (in particular due to prohibition of mercury compounds in cosmetic and external preparations). Positive reactions to mertiolate (Thimerosal) are frequent but usually irrelevant. Allergic reactions to dental amalgam are rare, substitution of amalgam is justified only \ y when there is a concurrent positive reaction to mercury and its compounds and when oral hchenoid lesions, gingivostomatitis, contact eczema after amalgam and perioral dermatitis are present. The authors refute also views that dental amalgam has a toxic action. This is also the official view held by international dental institutions.
Společným jmenovatelem mnoha filozofických přístupů k problému užití lidských embryí v medicíně je konstatování: „Jde o plnohodnotný lidský subjekt, který si zaslouží úctu jako dospělá bytost a lidská osoba“. Má již definovanou identitu, v níž počíná vlastní koordinovaný postupný vývoj. Není tedy jednoduchým shlukem buněk. Integrita či holistické vlastnosti nové kvality celku buněk, které tvoří ranné embryo, nejsou skutečně shlukem předembryonálních „stavebních“ částí, sumou buněk apod. Mají svůj vývoj, inherentně v sobě předem zakódovaný, nikoliv však přísně deterministicky předurčený. Jinými slovy, sama autointegrita vývoje, inherence části predeterminace evoluce embrya není celkem, který je schopen následných efektů „sám“. Lidský plod od prvního okamžiku, než se stane úctyhodnou lidskou bytostí, prodělává celou řadu kvalitativních (různě externě a interně determinovaných) proměn. Lze konstatovat, že medicína dospívá, jako již nejednou, do stadia, kdy „nevystačí“ či nemůže se spoléhat jen na osvědčené, „z minulosti proudící“ axiologické hodnoty, etické normativy či vypěstovaný morální cit svých subjektů i lidských objektů. Nemá jinou alternativu své přítomnosti než aktivním interdisciplinárním filozoficko–biologickým, filozoficko–medicínským zaujetím a zkoumáním – axiologických, etických a morálních otázek a problémů a jejich ověřeným a obezřetným uplatňováním – evolucionizovat i v této dimenzi. Článek se zabývá hledáním některých způsobů formování etiky terapeutického užití kmenových buněk.
Common denominator of many philosophic approaches to the problem of using human embryos in medicine is the statement that it is „a full-value human subject that deserves respect as an adult human being“. It has a defined identity in which it starts its own coordinated gradual development. Therefore, it is not just a simple cluster of cells. Integrity or holistic properties of a new quality of cells that, as a whole, represent an early embryo, and in fact are not a cluster of pre-embryonic „structural“ parts or a sum of cells etc. They have theirs own evolution, previously inherently encoded, but not precisely predestined. In other words, only autointegrity alone in evolution, inherence as a part of predetermination in evolution of embryo, is not able to exist as a unit „alone“. Human foetus since the first moments of its existence goes through many qualitative (externally or internally determined) transformations before it becomes a respectable human being. It is possible to say that medicine, as many times before, is now coming to a stage when axiologic values, ethical directives or moral feelings of its subjects and human objects proved in the past, are no more relevant at present. Therefore, medicine has no other alternative than an active approach to study this problem from all philosophical, biological and medical aspects to evolutionize itself in this new dimension. In this paper some of these questions are discussed and some ways of forming the ethics in therapeutic use of stem cells are presented.
- Keywords
- zlomeniny pilonu,
- MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative methods MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- External Fixators utilization MeSH
- Fracture Fixation methods MeSH
- Tibial Fractures diagnosis surgery radiography MeSH
- Bone Plates MeSH
- Bone Nails MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Soft Tissue Injuries surgery MeSH
- Tibia surgery injuries MeSH
- Fracture Fixation, Internal methods instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
1st ed. ix, 559 s.
Sleep has been linked to adjustment difficulties in both children and adolescents; yet little is known about the long-term impact of childhood sleep on subsequent development. This study tested whether childhood sleep problems, sleep quantity, and chronotype predicted internalizing and externalizing problems during adolescence. Latent Growth Modeling using the Czech portion of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (N = 4393) was utilized to test the developmental trajectories of sleep characteristics (from 1.5 to 7 years) as predictors of adjustment problems trajectories (from 11 to 18 years). Findings provided evidence that children with higher levels of sleep problems at 1.5 years (and throughout childhood) reported higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems at age 11. Additionally, greater eveningness at age 1.5 predicted a greater increase in externalizing problems from ages 11 to 18 years. The results emphasize the importance of childhood sleep problems in evaluating the risk of future adjustment difficulties.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Adjustment Disorders diagnosis psychology MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Sleep physiology MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Pregnancy MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
