• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH

BACKGROUND: We previously documented that elevated HE4 plasma concentration decreased in people with CF (pwCF) bearing the p.Gly551Asp-CFTR variant in response to CFTR modulator (CFTRm) ivacaftor (IVA), and this level was inversely correlated with the FEV1% predicted values (ppFEV1). Although the effectiveness of lumacaftor (LUM)/IVA in pwCF homozygous for the p.Phe508del-CFTR variant has been evaluated, plasma biomarkers were not used to monitor treatment efficacy thus far. METHODS: Plasma HE4 concentration was examined in 68 pwCF drawn from the PROSPECT study who were homozygous for the p.Phe508del-CFTR variant before treatment and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after administration of LUM/IVA therapy. Plasma HE4 was correlated with ppFEV1 using their absolute and delta values. The discriminatory power of delta HE4 was evaluated for the detection of lung function improvements based on ROC-AUC analysis and multiple regression test. RESULTS: HE4 plasma concentration was significantly reduced below baseline following LUM/IVA administration during the entire study period. The mean change of ppFEV1 was 2.6% (95% CI, 0.6 to 4.5) by 6 months of therapy in this sub-cohort. A significant inverse correlation between delta values of HE4 and ppFEV1 was observed especially in children with CF (r=-0.7053; p<0.0001). Delta HE4 predicted a 2.6% mean change in ppFEV1 (AUC: 0.7898 [95% CI 0.6823-0.8972]; P < 0.0001) at a cut-off value of -10.7 pmol/L. Moreover, delta HE4 independently represented the likelihood of being a responder with ≥ 5% delta ppFEV1 at 6 months (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.95; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma HE4 level negatively correlates with lung function improvement assessed by ppFEV1 in pwCF undergoing LUM/IVA CFTRm treatment.

• MeSH
• aktivátory chloridových kanálů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aminofenoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aminopyridiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• benzodioxoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cystická fibróza * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• homozygot MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• protein CFTR genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cystická fibróza (CF) je autozomálne recesívne genetické ochorenie, ktoré je spôso bené genetickou mutáciou génu pre CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conduc tance Regulator), ktorý kóduje proteín – CF transmembránový regulátor vodivosti zabezpečujúci okrem iného aj pohyb chloridových iónov cez bunkovú membránu. Klinický obraz ochorenia je charakterizovaný chronickým zápalom bronchopulmo nálneho systému, pankreatickou insuficienciou a zvýšeným obsahom solí v pote. Cieľom práce bolo zistiť prínos inovatívnej kombinovanej terapie modulátormi CFTR proteínu ivakaftorom/tezakaftorom/elexafaktorom (Kaftrio) v kombinácii s ivakaf torom (Kalydeco) a ivakaftorom/lumakaftorom (Orkambi). Výsledky boli získané prostredníctvom dotazníka, ktorý vyplnilo 26 responden tov s CF užívajúcich tieto modulátory CFTR proteínu. Prieskumu sa zúčastnilo 20 žien a 6 mužov a priemerný vek respondentov bol 27,5 roka. Väčšina pacientov (92 %) bola nastavená na kombináciu ivakaftor/tezakaftor/elexafaktor v kombinácii s ivakaftorom, a to 24 mesiacov a aj 36 mesiacov. Dvaja pacienti (8 %) užívali ivakaf tor/lumakaftor 24 mesiacov a 36 mesiacov. Účinnosť inovatívnej terapie CF bola vyhodnotená hlavne prostredníctvom sledovania FEV1 (exspiračný objem vzduchu za jednu sekundu), chloridov v pote a hmotnosti pacientov, ktorých hodnoty boli zlepšené takmer u všetkých pacientov v porovnaní s obdobím pred indikovanou inovatívnou terapiou. To poukazuje na zmenu a zlepšenie funkcie dýchacích ciest. Z výsledkov možno potvrdiť, že inovatívna terapia modulátormi CFTR proteínu pre pacientov s CF významne zlepšila kvalitu života pacientov.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by a genetic mutation of the gene for CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), which encodes a protein - CF transmembrane conductance regulator ensuring, among other things, the movement of chloride ions through the cell membrane. The clinical picture of the disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchopulmonary system, pancreatic insufficiency and increased salt content in sweat. The aim of the work was to determine the benefit of innovative combined therapy with CFTR protein modulators ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexafactor (Kaftrio) in combination with ivacaftor (Kalydeco) and ivacaftor/lumakaftor (Orkambi). The results were obtained through a questionnaire filled out by 26 respondents with CF taking these CFTR protein modulators. 20 women and 6 men took part in the survey, and the average age of the respondents was 27.5 years. The majority of patients (92 %) were assigned to the combination of ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexafactor in combination with ivacaftor for 24 months and 36 months. Two patients (8 %) took ivacaftor/lumacaftor for 24 months and 36 months. The effectiveness of the innovative CF therapy was evaluated mainly by monitoring the values of FEV1 (expiratory volume of air in one second), sweat chloride and weight of the patients, whose values were improved in almost all patients compared to the period before the indicated innovative therapy. This indicates a change and improvement in airway function. From the results, it can be confirmed that the innovative therapy with CFTR protein modulators for CF patients significantly improved the patients' quality of life.

Cystická fibróza (CF) je závažné postupně progredující a život limitující autosomálně recesivně dědičné multiorgánové onemocnění, charakterizované v dětském věku zejména neprospíváním a opakovanými respiračními infekty s dlouhodobým zahleněním. Vývoj onemocnění nelze predikovat ani při stále se zlepšujících diagnostických a terapeutických možnostech. Snaha o maximální kompenzaci základního onemocnění, prevenci a časnou léčbu komplikací, a zejména personalizovaná péče s umožněním inovativní terapie nemocným s dobrou compliance při splnění genetického a věkového hlediska, jsou podstatou aktuálního léčebného přístupu k nemocným s CF. S objevením a zavedením inovativní terapie modulátory transmembránového regulátoru vodivosti - proteinu CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) - do klinické praxe se od roku 2012 významně zlepšila kvalita života nemocných i prognóza onemocnění. V současné době jsou v České republice k dispozici čtyři typy modulátorů CFTR: potenciátor ivacaftor samostatně (Kalydeko) či v kombinaci s korektorem lumacaftor (Orkambi), s korektorem tezacaftor (Symkevi) nebo s dvěma korektory elexacaftor a tezacaftor (Kaftrio). Při nesplnění indikačních kritérií kauzální terapie zůstává snaha o maximální zintenzivnění symptomatické léčby se začleněním přístroje PhysioAssist neboli Simeox do každodenního režimu k usnadnění expektorace a zajištění efektivní airway clearance (hygieny dýchacích cest). Jak dokládá prezentovaná kazuistika 13leté dívky, klinický i funkční benefit z kauzální terapie lze očekávat i u nemocných s CF splňujících indikaci k léčbě modulátory podle registrace amerického Úřadu pro kontrolu potravin a léčiv.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious, age-progressive, life-limiting, autosomal recessively inherited multiorgan disease, characterized in childhood mainly by failure to thrive and recurrent respiratory infections with chronic obstruction. The development of the disease cannot be predicted even with ever-improving diagnostic and therapeutic options. Efforts to maximally compensate for the underlying disease, prevention and early treatment of complications, and especially personalized care with the possibility of innovative therapy in patients with good compliance while meeting genetic and age aspects, is the essence of the current therapeutic approach to patients with CF. With the discovery and introduction of innovative therapy with CFTR protein modulators into clinical practice, the quality of life of patients and the prognosis of the disease have significantly improved since 2012. There are currently four types of CFTR modulators available in the Czech Republic: the ivacaftor potentiator alone (Kalydeko) or in combination with the lumacaftor corrector (Orkambi), the tezacaftor corrector (Symkevi), or two elexacaftor and tezacaftor correctors (Kaftrio). If the indication criteria for causal therapy are not met, the effort remains to maximize the intensification of symptomatic treatment with the incorporation of PhysioAssist or Simeox into the daily regimen to facilitate expectoration and ensure effective airway clearance. As the presented case report of a 13-year-old girl demonstrates, clinical, laboratory and functional benefits from causal therapy can also be expected in CF patients who meet the indication for modulator treatment according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

• Klíčová slova
• tezacaftor/ivacaftor,
• MeSH
• aktivátory chloridových kanálů chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cystická fibróza * farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• mutace genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• poměr plicní ventilace a perfuze účinky léků   MeSH
• protein CFTR genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• výroba orphan drugs MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vzácné nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Cystická fibróza je nejčastějším autozomálně recesivně dědičným onemocněním kavkazské rasy. Onemocnění má charakter multiorgánového postižení. Je sice nevyléčitelné, ale stále více a lépe léčitelné s postupným zlepšováním kvality a prodlužováním délky života nemocných. Prognóza velmi závisí na včasné diagnostice, multioborovém léčebném přístupu s využitím nejnovějších poznatků i hlubokých zkušeností. Komplexní léčba je zaměřená na péči o dobrou průchodnost dýchacích cest, péči o dobrý stav výživy, boj proti infekci a zánětu a soustavné vyhledávání a léčbu komplikací. Nejnovější terapeutické trendy směřují k léčbě kauzální na principu nápravy defektního proteinu zodpovědného za patologické složení sekretů exokrinních žláz.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease of the Caucasian population characterised by chronic multi-organ impairment. Although cystic fibrosis is still incurable condition, it has been shown that holistic approach to treatment that is based on multi-professional centre care provided by trained and experienced health professionals is necessary for optimal management and improved quality of life and survival of patients. Complex treatment focused on intensive airway clearance, good nutritional status, aggressive anti-infective and anti-inflammatory therapy and continuous search for complications is essential. New therapeutic strategies for CF focus on protein targeted treatment of impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that is responsible for exocrine secretion pathology.

• Klíčová slova
• ivacaftor a lumacaftor (potenciátor a korektor proteinu CFTR), léčba šitá pacientovi na míru,
• MeSH
• aminofenoly terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antiflogistika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chinolony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cystická fibróza * diagnóza   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• genetické nemoci vrozené * diagnóza   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• ibuprofen terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
• komorbidita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenecký screening metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• pankreas patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• plíce patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• poruchy výživy diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• protein CFTR genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• transplantace plic metody   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Modulátory transmembránového regulátoru vodivosti cystické fibrózy (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulátor, CFTR) jsou od roku 2012 dostupné ke kauzální léčbě cystické fibrózy. Jde o látky působící na konkrétní mutace či skupiny mutací genu CFTR. Obecně je lze dělit na korektory a potenciátory CFTR proteinu, kde korektory zvyšují množství CFTR proteinu v buněčné membráně, kdežto potenciátory zlepšují jeho funkci. V klinické praxi je v současnosti využíván potenciátor ivakaftor a korektory lumakaftor a tezakaftor. U dalšího korektoru, elexakaftoru, se v nejbližší době předpokládá schválení ke klinickému použití.

CFTR modulators have been available since 2012 for causal treatment of cystic fibrosis. These are substances that affect specific mutations or groups of mutations of the CFTR gene. In general, they can be divided into CFTR correctors and potentiators, where CFTR correctors increase the amount of CFTR protein in the cell membrane, while CFTR potentiators improve its function. In clinical practice, the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor and the CFTR correctors lumacaftor and tezacaftor are currently used. Another CFTR corrector, elexacaftor, is expected to be approved for clinical use in the near future.

• Klíčová slova
• ivakaftor, lumakaftor, tezakaftor, elexakaftor,
• MeSH
• aminofenoly MeSH
• cystická fibróza * imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modulátory membránového transportu MeSH
• protein CFTR MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Decreased human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) plasma levels were reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients under CFTR potentiator ivacaftor therapy, which inversely correlated with lung function improvement. In this study, we investigated whether HE4 expression was affected via modulation of CFTR function in CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells in vitro. HE4 protein levels were measured in the supernatants of CFBE 41o- cells expressing F508del-CFTR or wild-type CFTR (wt-CFTR) after administration of lumacaftor/ivacaftor or tezacaftor/ivacaftor, while HE4 expression in CFBE 41o- cells were also analyzed following application of adenylate cyclase activators Forskolin/IBMX or CFTRinh172. The effect of all of these compounds on CFTR function was monitored by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Induced HE4 expression was studied with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in F508del-CFTR CFBE 41o- cells under TNF-α stimulation for 1 h up to 1 week in duration. In parallel, plasma HE4 was determined in CF subjects homozygous for p.Phe508del-CFTR mutation receiving lumacaftor/ivacaftor (Orkambi®) therapy. NF-κB-mediated signaling was observed via the nuclear translocation of p65 subunit by fluorescence microscopy together with the analysis of IL-6 expression by an immunoassay. In addition, HE4 expression was examined after NF-κB pathway inhibitor BAY 11-7082 treatment with or without CFTR modulators. CFTR modulators partially restored the activity of F508del-CFTR and reduced HE4 concentration was found in F508del-CFTR CFBE 41o- cells that was close to what we observed in CFBE 41o- cells with wt-CFTR. These data were in agreement with decreased plasma HE4 concentrations in CF patients treated with Orkambi®. Furthermore, CFTR inhibitor induced elevated HE4 levels, while CFTR activator Forskolin/IBMX downregulated HE4 in the cell cultures and these effects were more pronounced in the presence of CFTR modulators. Higher activation level of baseline and TNF-α stimulated NF-κB pathway was detected in F508del-CFTR vs. wt-CFTR CFBE 41o- cells that was substantially reduced by CFTR modulators based on lower p65 nuclear positivity and IL-6 levels. Finally, HE4 expression was upregulated by TNF-α with elevated IL-6, and both protein levels were suppressed by combined administration of NF-κB pathway inhibitor and CFTR modulators in CFBE 41o- cells. In conclusion, CFTR dysfunction contributes to abnormal HE4 expression via NF-κB in CF.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Introduction: Seminal clinical trials with the triple combination of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor (ETI) demonstrated clinical efficacy in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) who carry at least one F508del mutation. However, due to exclusion criteria of these clinical trials, the effect of ETI was not studied in a substantial number of pwCF. Thus, we ran a single center trial to evaluate a clinical efficacy of ETI treatment in adult pwCF who were ineligible for enrollment in registration studies. Methods: PwCF on ETI with prior lumacaftor-ivacaftor therapy, severe airway obstruction, well-preserved lung function, or with airway infection with pathogens at risk of more rapid decline in lung function formed the study group, while all the others on ETI formed the control group. Lung function, nutritional status and sweat chloride concentration were assessed before and after initialization of ETI therapy over a 6-month period. Results: Approximately a half of the ETI-treated pwCF at the adult Prague CF center (49 of 96) were assigned to the study group. Their mean changes in body mass index ( + 1.04 kg/m2) and in sweat chloride concentration (-48.4 mmol/L) were similar to the control group ( + 1.02 kg/m2; -49.7 mmol/L), while the mean change in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1; + 10.3 points) was significantly lower than in the control group ( + 15.8 points) (p = 0.0015). In the subgroup analysis, pwCF with severe airway obstruction (ppFEV1 <40) and pwCF with well-preserved lung function (ppFEV1 >90) showed a less potential for improvement in lung function during the ETI treatment than controls (median change in ppFEV1 + 4.9 points and + 9.5 points, respectively). Conclusion: PwCF not eligible for inclusion in clinical trials demonstrated improvement in lung function and nutritional status following the initiation of treatment with the ETI combination. Moderate increase in ppFEV1 was observed in those with severe airway obstruction or well-preserved lung function.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A deficiency in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function in CF leads to chronic lung disease. CF is associated with abnormalities in fatty acids, ceramides, and cholesterol, their relationship with CF lung pathology is not completely understood. Therefore, we examined the impact of CFTR deficiency on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory signaling in airway epithelium using mass spectrometric, protein array. We observed a striking imbalance in fatty acid and ceramide metabolism, associated with chronic oxidative stress under basal conditions in CF mouse lung and well-differentiated bronchial epithelial cell cultures of CFTR knock out pig and CF patients. Cell-autonomous features of all three CF models included high ratios of ω-6- to ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and of long- to very long-chain ceramide species (LCC/VLCC), reduced levels of total ceramides and ceramide precursors. In addition to the retinoic acid analog fenretinide, the anti-oxidants glutathione (GSH) and deferoxamine partially corrected the lipid profile indicating that oxidative stress may promote the lipid abnormalities. CFTR-targeted modulators reduced the lipid imbalance and oxidative stress, confirming the CFTR dependence of lipid ratios. However, despite functional correction of CF cells up to 60% of non-CF in Ussing chamber experiments, a 72-h triple compound treatment (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor surrogate) did not completely normalize lipid imbalance or oxidative stress. Protein array analysis revealed differential expression and shedding of cytokines and growth factors from CF epithelial cells compared to non-CF cells, consistent with sterile inflammation and tissue remodeling under basal conditions, including enhanced secretion of the neutrophil activator CXCL5, and the T-cell activator CCL17. However, treatment with antioxidants or CFTR modulators that mimic the approved combination therapies, ivacaftor/lumacaftor and ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexacaftor, did not effectively suppress the inflammatory phenotype. We propose that CFTR deficiency causes oxidative stress in CF airway epithelium, affecting multiple bioactive lipid metabolic pathways, which likely play a role in CF lung disease progression. A combination of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and CFTR targeted therapeutics may be required for full correction of the CF phenotype.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• chemické látky - účinky a užití MeSH
• otrava MeSH
• patologie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• patologie