• MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH
• kongresy MeSH
• programy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH
• zprávy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• infekční lékařství

Acanthamoeba is known to interact with a plethora of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. In these interactions, the amoebae can be predatory in nature, transmission vehicle or an incubator. Amoebae consume microorganisms, especially bacteria, as food source to fulfil their nutritional needs by taking up bacteria through phagocytosis and lysing them in phagolysosomes and hence play an eminent role in the regulation of bacterial density in the nature and accountable for eradication of around 60% of the bacterial population in the environment. Acanthamoeba can also act as a "Trojan horse" for microbial transmission in the environment. Additionally, Acanthamoeba may serve as an incubator-like reservoir for microorganisms, including those that are pathogenic to humans, where the microorganisms use amoebae's defences to resist harsh environment and evade host defences and drugs, whilst growing in numbers inside the amoebae. Furthermore, amoebae can also be used as a "genetic melting pot" where exchange of genes as well as adaptation of microorganisms, leading to higher pathogenicity, may arise. Here, we describe bacteria, fungi and viruses that are known to interact with Acanthamoeba spp.

• MeSH
• Acanthamoeba * metabolismus   mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• fyziologie bakterií * MeSH
• fyziologie virů * MeSH
• houby fyziologie   MeSH
• interakce mikroorganismu a hostitele * fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Temperature plays crucial roles in microbial interactions that affect the stability and performance of anaerobic digestion. In this study, the microbial interactions and their succession in the anaerobic digestion process were investigated at three levels, represented by (1) present and (2) active micro-organisms, and (3) gene expressions under a temperature gradient from 25 to 55 °C. Network topological features indicated a global variation in microbial interactions at different temperatures. The variations of microbial interactions in terms of network modularity and deterministic processes based on topological features, corresponded well with the variations of methane productions, but not with temperatures. A common successional pattern of microbial interactions was observed at different temperatures, which showed that both deterministic processes and network modularity increased over time during the digestion process. It was concluded that the increase in temperature-mediated network modularity and deterministic processes on shaping the microbial interactions improved the stability and efficiency of anaerobic digestion process.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• bioreaktory * MeSH
• methan MeSH
• mikrobiální interakce * MeSH
• teplota * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Bacteria MeSH
• fyziologie bakterií MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Mikrobiologie
• NLK Obory
• mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie

• MeSH
• analýza jednotlivých buněk MeSH
• Bacteria * MeSH
• interakce mikroorganismu a hostitele * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Water shortage and low organic carbon content in soil limit soil fertility and crop productivity. The use of desalinated seawater is increasing as an alternative source of irrigation water. However, it has a high boron (B) content that could cause toxicity in the plant-soil microbial system. Here, we evaluated the responses of the soil microbiota and lemon trees to 3 irrigation B doses (0.3, 1, and 15 mg L-1) under two types of soil management (conventional, CS; and organic, OS) in a 180-days pot experiment. High B doses promoted B accumulation in soil, reaching harmful concentrations that affected soil biodiversity. Our results suggest a close interaction between B and organic labile fractions that increased B availability in soil solution. Besides, B addition to soil impacted on microbial biomass. The bacterial community showed sensitivity to the B dose. Organic amendment did not increase B soil adsorption but it favored B plant uptake. The highest B dose had a detrimental impact on plant physiology, finally resulting lethal for the plants. Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of the microbes-plant interactions in soils irrigated with water with high B content. This will be fundamental in the design of future fertirrigation strategies.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• bor MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Archaea genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• chlor metabolismus   MeSH
• houby genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální společenstva fyziologie   MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• půda analýza   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Microorganisms do not live alone, but rather they communicate using diverse „languages“. In general, each bacterial species produces and responds to a unique autoinducer signal. Gram-negative bacteria use N-acylated homoserine lactones and gram-positive bacteria use oligopeptides as autoinducers. Function of autoinducer 2 is bacterial interspecies cell-to-cell communication. The structure and function of two main signaling molecules (farnesol and tyrosol) in the C. albicans quorum sensing (QS) system were also already described. Signaling molecules control the behavior of the whole population (especially virulence factors expression). That’s why QS systems represent a new therapeutic target, especially because of an increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance. Quorum sensing inhibitors are a promising direction in the treatment of infection caused by pathogenic micro¬organisms.

• Klíčová slova
• signální molekuly, N-acyl-homoserin lakton, inhibitory quorum sensing,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   klasifikace   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• biofilmy MeSH
• Candida albicans patogenita   MeSH
• česnek MeSH
• houby metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• kvasinky metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa patogenita   MeSH
• quorum sensing * fyziologie   genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• Vibrio cholerae patogenita   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

The methodical developments in the fields of molecular biology and analytical chemistry significantly increased the level of detail that we achieve when exploring soils and their microbial inhabitants. High-resolution description of microbial communities, detection of taxa with minor abundances, screening of gene expression or the detailed characterization of metabolomes are nowadays technically feasible. Despite all of this, our understanding of soil is limited in many ways. The imperfect tools to describe microbial communities and limited possibilities to assign traits to community members make it difficult to link microbes to functions. Also the analysis of processes exemplified by enzyme activity measurements is still imperfect. In the future, it is important to look at soil at a finer detail to obtain a better picture on the properties of individual microbes, their in situ interactions, metabolic rates and activity at a scale relevant to individual microbes. Scaling up is needed as well to get answers at ecosystem or biome levels and to enable global modelling. The recent development of novel tools including metabolomics, identification of genomes in metagenomics sequencing datasets or collection of trait data have the potential to bring soil ecology further. It will, however, always remain a highly demanding scientific discipline.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• houby klasifikace   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• metabolomika MeSH
• metagenomika MeSH
• mikrobiota genetika   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The host-pathogen interaction represents a complex and dynamic biological system. The outcome of this interaction is dependent on the microbial pathogen properties to establish infection and the ability of the host to control infection. Although bacterial pathogens have evolved a variety of strategies to subvert host defense functions, several general mechanisms have been shown to be shared among these pathogens. As a result, host effectors that are critical for pathogen entry, survival and replication inside the host cells have become a new paradigm for antimicrobial targeting. This review focuses on the potential utility of a proteomics approach in defining the host-pathogen interaction from the host's perspective.

• MeSH
• bakteriální infekce imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteiny analýza   MeSH
• proteom imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH