preclinical drug development
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Testy membránové permeability patří společně s testy metabolické stability a stanovením rozpustnosti mezi základní pilíře časných fází vývoje nových léčiv. Pro většinu terapeutických indikací je potřeba, aby látka na své cestě k cílové tkání, receptoru, enzymu překonala i několik biologických bariér, aniž by se přitom extenzivně biotransformovala. K vyšetřování permeability je k dispozici řada nástrojů, své nezastupitelné místo zde mají buněčné testy. Nejčastěji se používají zjednodušené dvoukompartmentové systémy, tzv. „Transwelly“, kde je na pomezí obou oddílů nosič s umělou lipidovou dvouvrstvou nebo monovrstvou těsně přiléhajících buněk. K dispozici jsou i mnohem sofistikovanější nástroje, kokultury více buněčných typů, případně 3D dynamické modely na čipu, jejich širšímu použití však brání časová i finanční náročnost. V základních testovacích cyklech, kde se pracuje s velkým množstvím látek, se proto nejčastěji uplatňuje Caco-2 nebo MDCK test.
Membrane permeability assays – together with metabolic stability and solubility assays – belong to the essential tools of early drug discovery process. In most therapeutic indications, a drug needs to pass several biological barriers to exert its desired effect to a target tissue, receptor, enzyme, without significant decay. There are numerous models available allowing us to evaluate compounds permeability, with cellular assays being particularly useful. Most frequently, these assays are based on a „Transwell“ system, where two compartments are separated by a filter bearing either artificial membrane or a monolayer of tightly connecting cells. More sophisticated permeability assays have been developed during the last decade, e.g., co-cultures of relevant cell types or 3D microfluidics on a chip. However, their high costs and time-consuming preparation prevent their widespread use. In basic drug development screening cycles Caco-2 and MDCK assays remain the gold standard.
online zdroj
- MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv * MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
sv.
- MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- racionální návrh léčiv MeSH
- testované léky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
- toxikologie
INTRODUCTION: Neuroblastoma, the commonest paediatric extra-cranial tumour, remains a leading cause of death from cancer in children. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs to improve cure rates and reduce long-term toxicity and to incorporate molecularly targeted therapies into treatment. Many potential drugs are becoming available, but have to be prioritised for clinical trials due to the relatively small numbers of patients. Areas covered: The current drug development model has been slow, associated with significant attrition, and few new drugs have been developed for neuroblastoma. The Neuroblastoma New Drug Development Strategy (NDDS) has: 1) established a group with expertise in drug development; 2) prioritised targets and drugs according to tumour biology (target expression, dependency, pre-clinical data; potential combinations; biomarkers), identifying as priority targets ALK, MEK, CDK4/6, MDM2, MYCN (druggable by BET bromodomain, aurora kinase, mTORC1/2) BIRC5 and checkpoint kinase 1; 3) promoted clinical trials with target-prioritised drugs. Drugs showing activity can be rapidly transitioned via parallel randomised trials into front-line studies. Expert opinion: The Neuroblastoma NDDS is based on the premise that optimal drug development is reliant on knowledge of tumour biology and prioritisation. This approach will accelerate neuroblastoma drug development and other poor prognosis childhood malignancies.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neuroblastom farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv metody MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- protinádorové látky škodlivé účinky farmakologie MeSH
- racionální návrh léčiv * MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
As the world population ages, there will be an increasing need for effective therapies for aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, which remain untreatable. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading neurological diseases in the aging population. Current therapeutic approaches to treat this disorder are solely symptomatic, making the need for new molecular entities acting on the causes of the disease extremely urgent. One of the potential solutions is to use compounds that are already in the market. The structures have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and patient data available in several countries. Several drugs have been used successfully to treat diseases different from their original purposes, such as autoimmunity and peripheral inflammation. Herein, we divulge the repurposing of drugs in the area of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of antineoplastics to treat dementia due to AD and dementia. We briefly touch upon the shared pathological mechanism between AD and cancer and drug repurposing strategies, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Next, we bring out the current status of research on the development of drugs, provide supporting evidence from retrospective, clinical, and preclinical studies on antineoplastic use, and bring in new areas, such as repurposing drugs for the prion-like spreading of pathologies in treating AD.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * farmakoterapie MeSH
- demence * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
- přehodnocení terapeutických indikací léčivého přípravku * MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- protinádorové látky * farmakologie terapeutické užití chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Acta universitatis upsaliensis. Comprehensive summaries of Uppsala dissertations from the Faculty of Medicine, ISSN 0282-7476 916
57 s. : il. ; 25 cm
... Evolving role of mass spectrometry in drug discovery and development / Dil M. ... ... LeLacheur -- Quantitative bioanalysis in drug discovery and development : principles and applications ... ... Castro- Perez -- Changing role of FTMS in drug metabolism / Petia A. Shipkova, Jonathan L. ... ... [et al.] -- Evolving role of mass spectrometry in drug discovery and development / Dil M. ... ... LeLacheur -- Quantitative bioanalysis in drug discovery and development : principles and applications ...
xii, 389 s. : il.
- MeSH
- farmakokinetika MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- léčivé přípravky metabolismus MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
- biochemie
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation in Western societies. Given the wide use of both prescribed and over the counter drugs, DILI has become a major health issue for which there is a pressing need to find novel and effective therapies. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DILI, our incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis and inability to predict DILI is largely due to both discordance between human and animal DILI in preclinical drug development and a lack of models that faithfully recapitulate complex pathophysiological features of human DILI. This is exemplified by the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, a major cause of ALF because of its extensive worldwide use as an analgesic. Despite intensive efforts utilising current animal and in vitro models, the mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of APAP are still not fully understood. In this expert Consensus Statement, which is endorsed by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network, we aim to facilitate and outline clinically impactful discoveries by detailing the requirements for more realistic human-based systems to assess hepatotoxicity and guide future drug safety testing. We present novel insights and discuss major players in APAP pathophysiology, and describe emerging in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models, as well as advanced imaging and in silico technologies, which may improve prediction of clinical outcomes of DILI.
- MeSH
- játra účinky léků MeSH
- konsensus * MeSH
- lékové postižení jater etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paracetamol škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH