Úvod: Nehmatné léze prsu, u kterých je možný prs záchovný chirurgický výkon, vyžadují přesná předoperační označení patologického ložiska. Mamografický screening a moderní diagnostické metody vedou k stále časnější detekci těchto lézí. Metody: Představujeme naše 2leté praktické zkušenosti se značením nehmatných lézí radioaktivním zrnem Advantage™ I-125. Tuto metodu jsme aplikovali u 116 pacientek, z toho 34 pacientek bylo po úspěšné neoadjuvantní systémové terapii. Prvních 13 pacientek jsme značili duplicitně metodou Frankova vodiče spolu s aplikací zrna. Cílem naší práce bylo zhodnotit výhody a nevýhody metody jak pro pacientky, tak pro celý multidisciplinární tým. Výsledky: Úspěšně jsme odstranili všechna patologická ložiska během primárního výkonu. U 4 pacientek jsme zaznamenali dislokaci zrna, přičemž vždy došlo k identifikaci patologického ložiska i zrna v operačním poli. Z celkového počtu pacientek bylo 73 pacientek operováno pro duktální karcinom, 20 pacientek pro lobulární karcinom, 8 pacientek pro karcinom v terénu mikrokalcifikací, 2 pacientky pro invazivní papilární karcinom a 13 pacientek pro nejednoznačný bioptický nález. Metoda umožňuje přesné zaměření nehmatných lézí s minimální radiační zátěží pro pacientky i operační tým. Rovněž kosmetické výsledky této metody hodnotíme jednoznačně pozitivně. Závěr: Radioaktivní značení zrnem Advantage™ I-125 se nám potvrdilo jako spolehlivá metoda pro detekci nehmatných lézí prsu s minimálními komplikacemi. Její výhodu spatřujeme především v celkovém komfortu pro pacientky a z estetického hlediska nám umožňuje optimální umístění řezu. Naše výsledky potvrzují vysokou efektivitu této metody v rámci prs záchovného výkonu s dosažením R0 resekce.
Introduction: Non-palpable breast lesions that are eligible for breast-conserving surgery require precise preoperative localization of the pathological site. Mammographic screening and modern diagnostic methods contribute to the increasingly early detection of these lesions. Methods: We present our two-year practical experience with the marking of non-palpable breast lesions using the Advantage™ I-125 radioactive seed. This method was applied to 116 patients, 34 of whom had undergone successful neoadjuvant systemic therapy. The first 13 patients were marked using both the Frank wire method and radioactive seed application. The aim of our study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this method for both the patients and the entire multidisciplinary team. Results: All pathological lesions were successfully removed during the primary procedure. In four patients, we observed seed displacement; however, the pathological lesion and the seed were always identified within the surgical field. Among the total number of patients, 73 underwent surgery for ductal carcinoma, 20 for lobular carcinoma, 8 for carcinoma associated with microcalcifications, 2 for invasive papillary carcinoma, and 13 for ambiguous biopsy findings. The method enables precise targeting of non-palpable lesions with minimal radiation exposure for both the patients and the surgical team. Additionally, the cosmetic outcomes of this method were assessed as clearly positive. Conclusion: The Advantage™ I-125 radioactive seed localization proved to be a reliable method for detecting non-palpable breast lesions with minimal complications. Its main advantages lie in the overall comfort for patients and the ability to optimize incision placement from an aesthetic perspective. Our results confirm the high effectiveness of this method in breast-conserving surgery while achieving R0 resection.
- Keywords
- nehmatné léze prsu, radioaktivní zrno,
- MeSH
- Staining and Labeling methods instrumentation MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Isotope Labeling * methods instrumentation MeSH
- Organ Sparing Treatments methods instrumentation MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Breast Neoplasms * surgery diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Preoperative Care methods instrumentation MeSH
- Breast surgery diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Radioactive Tracers MeSH
- Iodine Radioisotopes therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
For the treatment of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), cell therapy with transplantation of cultivated oral mucosa epithelial cells (COMET) is a promising alternative. Although not yet established, current protocols on the cultivation of oral mucosal epithelial cell (OMECs) sheets are based mainly on substrates and xenobiotic additives that may lead to variable outcomes and undesirable immune responses by the patient. The aim of this study was to characterize OMECs cultivated in xenobiotic-free media (XF) seeded on fibrin gel, in comparison to conventional complex (COM) medium. Oral mucosal biopsies were retrieved from 31 donors. After cultivation in COM or XF medium, OMECs were compared based on growth kinetics, morphology, cell size and viability. Using immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses, the degree of stemness, proliferation and differentiation was evaluated in OMEC cultures. Our findings showed that although OMECs showed a similar morphology and viability, and comparable growth kinetics, immunofluorescence revealed the preservation of stemness (p63 + p40 positivity in cells ≤11 μm) and proliferation in both COM and XF. Gene expression analyses showed that keratin (K)13 and K15 expression levels were significantly higher in XF (adj. p < 0.001), but otherwise COM and XF-treated OMECs had comparable transcriptional profiles in a panel of stemness, proliferation and differentiation genes. These results demonstrate the feasibility of culturing OMECs on fibrin gel without xenogeneic additives, while maintaining their undifferentiated state and preserving stemness. In conclusion, both in terms of results and methodology, the procedures presented here are suitable for implementation in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- Cell Differentiation MeSH
- Cell Culture Techniques * MeSH
- Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Epithelial Cells * metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Fibrin * MeSH
- Gels MeSH
- Stem Cells * metabolism cytology MeSH
- Culture Media MeSH
- Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Limbus Corneae * cytology pathology metabolism MeSH
- Corneal Diseases pathology drug therapy metabolism MeSH
- Cell Proliferation drug effects MeSH
- Epithelium, Corneal metabolism cytology drug effects pathology MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Stem Cell Transplantation methods MeSH
- Mouth Mucosa * cytology MeSH
- Cell Survival MeSH
- Xenobiotics pharmacology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
WW domain binding protein 1-like (WBP1L), also known as outcome predictor of acute leukemia 1 (OPAL1), is a transmembrane adaptor protein, expression of which was shown to correlate with ETV6-RUNX1 translocation and favorable prognosis in childhood leukemia. It has a broad expression pattern in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. Our previous work described WBP1L as a regulator of CXCR4 signaling and hematopoiesis. Here, we show that hematopoiesis in the mice with Wbp1l germline deletion is dysregulated, already at the level of hematopoietic stem cells and early progenitors. We further demonstrate that thymi of WBP1L-deficient mice are significantly enlarged and contain increased numbers of thymocytes of all subsets. This can potentially be explained by increased generation of multipotent progenitors 4 (MPP4) in the bone marrow, from which the thymus-seeding progenitors are derived. We also observed increases in multiple cell types in the blood. In addition, we show that WBP1L regulates hematopoietic stem cell functionality and leukocyte progenitor proliferation and gene expression during hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell transplantation, which contribute to more efficient engraftment of WBP1L-deficient cells. WBP1L thus emerges as a regulator of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function, which controls leukocyte numbers at the steady state and after bone marrow transplantation.
- MeSH
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing genetics metabolism MeSH
- Cell Differentiation MeSH
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells * metabolism cytology MeSH
- Hematopoiesis * genetics MeSH
- Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
- Mice, Knockout * MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes immunology metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Previously, a new biodegradable poly(ester urethane urea) was synthesized based on polycaprolactone-diol and fish gelatin (PU-Gel). In this work, the potential of this new material for neural tissue engineering is evaluated. Membranes with randomly oriented fibers and with aligned fibers are produced using electrospinning and characterized regarding their mechanical behavior under both dry and wet conditions. Wet samples exhibit a lower Young's modulus than dry ones and aligned membranes are stiffer and more brittle than those randomly oriented. Cyclic tensile tests are conducted and high values for recovery ratio and resilience are obtained. Both membranes exhibited a hydrophobic surface, measured by the water contact angle (WCA). Human mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue (UC-MSCs) and human neural stem cells (NSCs) are seeded on both types of membranes, which support their adhesion and proliferation. Cells stained for the cytoskeleton and nucleus in membranes with aligned fibers display an elongated morphology following the alignment direction. As the culture time increased, higher cell viability is obtained on randomfibers for UC-MSCs while no differences are observed for NSCs. The membranes support neuronal differentiation of NSCs, as evidenced by markers for a neuronal filament protein (NF70) and for a microtubule-associated protein (MAP2).
- MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Cell Adhesion drug effects MeSH
- Cell Differentiation drug effects MeSH
- Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells * cytology drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Neural Stem Cells * cytology drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Tensile Strength MeSH
- Polyesters * chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Polyurethanes * chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Cell Proliferation drug effects MeSH
- Materials Testing MeSH
- Tissue Engineering * methods MeSH
- Tissue Scaffolds chemistry MeSH
- Cell Survival drug effects MeSH
- Gelatin * chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Background There is a scarcity of validated rapid dietary screening tools for patient use in the clinical setting to improve health and reduce cardiovascular risk. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 measures compliance with the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans but requires completion of an extensive diet assessment to compute, which is time consuming and impractical. The authors hypothesize that a 19-item dietary survey assessing consumption of common food groups known to affect health will be correlated with the HEI-2015 assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and can be further reduced without affecting validity. Methods and Results A 19-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT) of common food groups was created through literature review and expert consensus. A cross-sectional survey was then conducted in adult participants from a preventive cardiology clinic or cardiac rehabilitation and in healthy volunteers (n=661, mean age, 36 years; 76% women). Participants completed an online 156-item food frequency questionnaire, which was used to calculate the HEI score using standard methods. The association between each EAT question and HEI group was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Linear regression models were subsequently used to identify univariable and multivariable predictors for HEI score for further reduction in the number of items. The final 9-item model of Mini-EAT was validated by 5-fold cross validation. The 19-item EAT had a strong correlation with the HEI score (r=0.73) and was subsequently reduced to the 9 items independently predictive of the HEI score: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, fish or seafood, legumes/nuts/seeds, low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, and sweets consumption, without affecting the predictive ability of the tool (r=0.71). Conclusions Mini-EAT is a 9-item validated brief dietary screener that correlates well with a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire. Future studies to test the Mini-EAT's validity in diverse populations and for development of clinical decision support systems to capture changes over time are needed.
- MeSH
- Diet * MeSH
- Fruit MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Vegetables * MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Černucha setá (Nigella sativa L.) je jednoletá bylina z čeledi pryskyřníkovitých, původní v západní Asii a severní Africe. Její semena se používají jako koření, zejména v Indii a na Středním východě, ale také k léčebným účelům. Semena černuchy obsahují velké množství bioaktivních látek, které vykazují množství farmakologických účinků. Černucha setá patří mezi donedávna zapomenuté léčivky a v různých systémech tradiční medicíny se používá již tisíce let, ale studie moderní medicíny posledních let ukazují, že její léčebné využití může být mnohem širší. Je pravděpodobné, že by mohla najít využití i v léčbě psychických poruch, jako jsou úzkost, deprese a některá neurodegenerativní onemocnění. Bez zajímavosti není ani její potenciální využití v terapii covidu-19.
Nigella sativa is an annual herb of the buttercup family, native to Western Asia and North Africa. Its seeds are used as a spice, especially in India and the Middle East, but also for medicinal purposes. Nigella sativa seeds contain a large number of bioactive substances, which have a number of pharmacological effects. It is a forgotten medicine and has been used in various systems of traditional medicine for thousands of years, but studies of modern medicine in recent years show that its therapeutic use can be much wider. It is likely that it could also find use in the treatment of mental disorders such as anxiety, depression and some neurodegenerative diseases. Its potential use in COVID-19 therapy is not without interest.
- MeSH
- Dementia MeSH
- Mental Disorders MeSH
- Phytotherapy MeSH
- Rodentia MeSH
- Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Nervous System * drug effects MeSH
- Nigella sativa * chemistry drug effects MeSH
- Plant Preparations pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Seizures MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Current methods for assessing cell proliferation in 3D scaffolds rely on changes in metabolic activity or total DNA, however, direct quantification of cell number in 3D scaffolds remains a challenge. To address this issue, we developed an unbiased stereology approach that uses systematic-random sampling and thin focal-plane optical sectioning of the scaffolds followed by estimation of total cell number (StereoCount). This approach was validated against an indirect method for measuring the total DNA (DNA content); and the Bürker counting chamber, the current reference method for quantifying cell number. We assessed the total cell number for cell seeding density (cells per unit volume) across four values and compared the methods in terms of accuracy, ease-of-use and time demands. The accuracy of StereoCount markedly outperformed the DNA content for cases with ~ 10,000 and ~ 125,000 cells/scaffold. For cases with ~ 250,000 and ~ 375,000 cells/scaffold both StereoCount and DNA content showed lower accuracy than the Bürker but did not differ from each other. In terms of ease-of-use, there was a strong advantage for the StereoCount due to output in terms of absolute cell numbers along with the possibility for an overview of cell distribution and future use of automation for high throughput analysis. Taking together, the StereoCount method is an efficient approach for direct cell quantification in 3D collagen scaffolds. Its major benefit is that automated StereoCount could accelerate research using 3D scaffolds focused on drug discovery for a wide variety of human diseases.
The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in orchestrating self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has been revealed in a number of recent studies. And while in human pluripotent stem cells, miRNAs have been directly linked to the core pluripotency network, including the cell cycle regulation and the maintenance of the self-renewing capacity, their role in the onset of differentiation in other contexts, such as determination of neural cell fate, remains poorly described. To bridge this gap, we used three model cell types to study miRNA expression patterns: human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hESCs-derived self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs), and differentiating NSCs. The comprehensive miRNA profiling presented here reveals novel sets of miRNAs differentially expressed during human neural cell fate determination in vitro. Furthermore, we report a miRNA expression profile of self-renewing human NSCs, which has been lacking to this date. Our data also indicates that miRNA clusters enriched in NSCs share the target-determining seed sequence with cell cycle regulatory miRNAs expressed in pluripotent hESCs. Lastly, our mechanistic experiments confirmed that cluster miR-17-92, one of the NSCs-enriched clusters, is directly transcriptionally regulated by transcription factor c-MYC.
INTRODUCTION: Obesity has become a global public health issue, which impacts general health and the brain. Associations between obesity and white matter microstructure measured using diffusion tensor imaging have been under reviewed, despite a relatively large number of individual studies. Our objective was to determine the association between obesity and white matter microstructure in a large general population sample. METHODS: We analyzed location of brain white matter changes in obesity using the Anisotropic Effect Size Seed-based d Mapping (AES-SDM) method in a voxel-based meta-analysis, with validation in a region of interest (ROI) effect size meta-analysis. Our sample included 21 742 individuals from 51 studies. RESULTS: The voxel-based spatial meta-analysis demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) with obesity in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncles, anterior thalamic radiation, cortico-spinal projections, and cerebellum. The ROI effect size meta-analysis replicated associations between obesity and lower FA in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncles. Effect size of obesity related brain changes was small to medium. DISCUSSION: Our findings demonstrate obesity related brain white matter changes are localized rather than diffuse. Better understanding the brain correlates of obesity could help identify risk factors, and targets for prevention or treatment of brain changes.
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Káva je velmi oblíbený nápoj užívaný jako povzbuzující prostředek, ale také společensky při setkávání lidí či tradičně na závěr jídelního menu. Jedná se o vařený nápoj připravený z pražených semen kávovníku (Coffea). Kromě alkaloidu kofeinu obsahuje celou řadu jedinečných složek, které zodpovídají za rozličné zdravotní účinky. V sedmdesátých letech 20. století se začínala objevovat data o zvýšeném riziku onkologických a kardiovaskulárních onemocnění v souvislosti s konzumací kávy. Jedná se však o populační studie, v nichž pití kávy bylo spojováno s dalšími společenskými zvyklostmi (zejména kouření cigaret), a kauzalitu nebylo možno prokázat. Kvalitnější studie nového tisíciletí naopak ukazují na možné četné zdravotní benefity pití kávy. Zřejmě nejvyššího předpokladu zdravotní prospěšnosti lze dosáhnout konzumací tří až čtyř šálků tohoto nápoje. Takové množství kávy navíc neobsahuje dostatečné množství kofeinu na to, aby se mohl projevit signifikantní diuretický efekt.
Coffee is a very popular drink used as a stimulant, but also socially when meeting people or traditionally at the end of the eating menu. It is a brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds of a bush of the genus Coffea. In addition to the alkaloid caffeine, it contains a number of unique components that are responsible for various health effects. In the 1970s, data began to emerge on the increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease associated with coffee consumption. However, these were population-based studies in which coffee drinking was associated with other social behaviours (notably cigarette smoking) and causality could not be proven. In contrast, the better quality studies of the new millennium point to possible multiple health benefits of coffee drinking. Probably the highest assumption of health benefits can be achieved by consuming 3–4 cups of this beverage. Such a quantity of coffee does not contain sufficient caffeine to cause a significant diuretic effect.
- MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus prevention & control MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control MeSH
- Coffee * chemistry MeSH
- Caffeine pharmacology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
