stool microscopy
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Na přelomu května a června 2015 propukla v některých oblastech městské části Praha 6 epidemie gastroenteritidy. V průběhu epidemie vyhledalo lékařské ošetření 5150 osob. S odhadovaným celkovým počtem případů onemocnění 11 000 se jedná o dosud největší epidemii v ČR, kde byla jako zdroj infekce identifikována kontaminovaná voda. Klíčovou roli v objasnění etiologie této epidemie sehrála transmisní elektronová mikroskopie. Vyšetřením elektronovou mikroskopií byly ve vzorcích pitné vody, jakož i v klinických vzorcích pacientů (zvratky a stolice) ze zasažené oblasti odhaleny noroviry jako hlavní etiologické agens. V některých vzorcích stolic byly prokázány i rotaviry. Elektronmikroskopické vyšetření vzorků dříve vyšetřených imunochromatografickými testy poukázalo na nedostatečnou sensitivitu těchto testů. Elektronová mikroskopie byla využita i pro následnou kontrolu účinnosti hygienických opatření, po jejichž provedení již noroviry nebyly ve vodovodní vodě prokázány.
A community water-borne gastroenteritis outbreak occurred in some areas of the district Prague 6 in May/June 2015. During the outbreak, 5110 persons sought medical attention. With the estimated 11,000 cases, the outbreak was the largest ever linked to contaminated drinking water in the Czech Republic. Transmission electron microscopy played the key role in the clarification of the etiology of this outbreak. Electron microscopy detected noroviruses from both drinking water samples and patient clinical specimens (stool and vomits) as the main cause of the outbreak. In some stool samples, rotaviruses were also found. Electron microscopy of samples previously screened by immunochromatographic tests revealed that the tests used were not sensitive enough. Electron microscopy was also helpful in checking the efficacy of the public health measures implemented: noroviruses were no longer detected in the water supply system.
- MeSH
- Adenoviridae izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- feces analýza mikrobiologie MeSH
- gastroenteritida diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průjem diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA-viry izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- virové nemoci diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
Although the microscopic examination of stool samples remains the reference method of choice for the diagnosis of intestinal protistan infections, this method is time-consuming and requires experienced and well-trained operators. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement between the BD MAX TM Enteric Parasite Panel (EPP) and microscopy for the detection of Giardia intestinalis (Lambl, 1859), Cryptosporidium spp. and Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 in stool samples. The study included faecal samples of 362 patients who were admitted to our hospital due to gastrointestinal complaints. In the microscopic examination, which was made with the native-lugol method on the stool samples that were taken from the patients, cysts, trophozoites and eggs of the parasite were examined. The diagnosis of G. intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912 and Cryptosporidium hominis Morgan-Ryan, Fall, Ward, Hijjawi, Sulaiman, Fayer, Thompson, Olson, Lal et Xiao, 2002, and E. histolytica was made in the faecal samples using the EPP assay. In the microscopic examination, Cryptosporidium spp. positive stool samples were stained with kinyoun's acid-fast. In the microscopic examination, parasites were detected in 41 (11%) of the 362 stool samples. In contrast, EPP assay identified parasites in 23 (6.3%) of the samples. In the microscopic examination, E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925 were detected in 22 (6.1%) of the samples, G. intestinalis was seen in 15 (4.1%), and C. parvum or C. hominis were detected in three (0.8%); these values were five (1.4%), 16 (4.4%) and two (0.5%) positive with the EPP assay. Although C. parvum or C. hominis were detected as positive in the microscopic examination of three samples, only two of the samples were positive in both EPP assay and kinyoun's acid-fast method. The EPP assay is a relatively simple test that can distinguish E. histolytica and E. dispar, but it cannot replace microscopy in the diagnosis of amoebiasis. Diagnosis for G. intestinalis and C. parvum/C. hominis with the BD MAXTM enteric parasite panel was equivalent to that with microscopy. We believe that E. histolytica must be diagnosed with nucleic acid amplification tests that have a high sensitivity and specificity like EPP assay in certain patient groups.
- MeSH
- Cryptosporidium parvum izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- entamébóza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- Giardia lamblia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- giardiáza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- kryptosporidióza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Turecko MeSH
BACKGROUND: Tapeworms of the order Diphyllobothriidea are parasites of tetrapods and several species may infect man and cause neglected human disease called diphyllobothriosis. Identification of human-infecting diphyllobothriid cestodes is difficult because of their morphological uniformity, which concerns also their eggs in stool samples. METHODS: In the present study, we analysed by far the largest dataset of more than 2,000 eggs of 8 species of diphyllobothriid cestodes that may infect humans, including the most frequent human parasites Diphyllobothrium latum, D. nihonkaiense and Adenocephalus pacificus (syn. Diphyllobothrium pacificum). Size (length, width and length/width ratio) and the surface of the egg shell from naturally and experimentally infected hosts were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: A high degree of intraspecific and host-related size variability has been detected, but combination of morphometrical and ultrastructural data made it possible to distinguish all of the studied species, including otherwise quite similar eggs of the 3 most common species infecting man, i.e. D. latum, D. nihonkaiense and D. dendriticum. The surface of all marine species is covered by numerous deep pits with species-specific density, whereas the surface of freshwater species is smooth or with isolated shallow hollows or wrinkles.
- MeSH
- difylobotriáza diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- Diphyllobothrium * anatomie a histologie izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- opomíjené nemoci diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- ovum cytologie MeSH
- počet parazitárních vajíček * MeSH
- polarizační mikroskopie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... Interpretation of quantitative urine culture results 34 -- Identification 35 -- Susceptibility tests 36 -- Stool ... ... clinical features 37 -- Appropriate use of laboratory resources 39 -- Collection and transport of stool ... ... specimens 40 -- Visual examination of stool specimens 41 -- Enrichment and inoculation of stool specimens ... ... pharynx 60 -- Bacterial agents of pharyngitis 61 -- Collection and dispatch of specimens 62 -- Direct microscopy ... ... Pathogens, media and diagnostic reagents 143 -- Blood 144 -- Cerebrospinal fluid 144 -- Urine 145 -- Stool ...
2nd ed. viii, 167 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky normy MeSH
- bakteriologie MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky normy MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- manuály jako téma MeSH
- Publikační typ
- příručky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Mikrobiologie
- NLK Obory
- bakteriologie
- chemie, klinická chemie
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
BACKGROUND: Microsporidia (Fungi) have been repeatedly identified as the cause of opportunistic infections predominantly in immunodeficient individuals such as AIDS patients. However, the global epidemiology of human microsporidiosis is poorly understood and the ability of microsporidia to survive and multiply in immunocompetent hosts remains unsolved. AIMS: To determine the presence of latent microsporidia infections in apparently healthy humans in the Czech Republic, the authors tested sera, urine and stool originating from fifteen persons within a three month period examined on a weekly basis. METHODS: Sera, stool and urine samples originating from fifteen HIV-negative people at risk with occupational exposure to animals, aged 22-56 years, living in the Czech Republic were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the presence of specific anti-microsporidial antibodies, standard Calcofluor M2R staining for the detection of microsporidian spores in all urine sediments and stool smears and molecular methods for the microsporidial species determination. RESULTS: Specific anti-microsporidial antibodies were detected in fourteen individuals, asymptomatic Encephalitozoon spp. infection was found in thirteen and E. bieneusi infection was detected in seven of those examined. While E. hellem 1A and E. cuniculi II were the major causative agents identified, seven different genotypes of E. bieneusi were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: These findings clearly show that exposure to microsporidia is common and chronic microsporidiosis is not linked to any clinical manifestation in healthy population. Moreover, our results indicate much higher incidence of microsporidial infections among an apparently healthy population than previously reported. These results open the question about the potential risk of reactivation of latent microsporidiosis in cases of immunosupression causing life-threatening disease.
- MeSH
- asymptomatické nemoci epidemiologie MeSH
- barvení a značení metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Encephalitozoon cytologie imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika nepřímá MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- mikrosporidióza diagnóza epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- moč mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykologie metody MeSH
- protilátky fungální krev MeSH
- sérum mikrobiologie MeSH
- spory hub cytologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Objectives: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are susceptible to intestinal opportunistic infections due to both defective mucosal immunity and altered immune response resulting from immunosuppressive treatment. Microsporidia infecting the gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhoea can potentially affect the course of IBD. Methods: Stool samples (90 IBD children and 121 healthy age-matched controls) were screened for Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing. Results:E. bieneusi genotype D was found in seven out of 90 (7.8%) IBD children. No children from the control group were infected, making the pathogen prevalence in the IBD group significant (P = 0.002). Furthermore, infection was confirmed only in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment (P = 0.013). Conclusions: Children with IBD are at risk of intestinal E. bieneusi infection, especially when receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, microsporidia should be considered as a significant infectious agent in this group of patients.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
