• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   MeSH
• bakteriologie MeSH
• Proteobacteria MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Mikrobiologie
• NLK Obory
• bakteriologie

INTRODUCTION: Diagnostic cortical stimulation (CS) in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) is an established epilepsy presurgical assessment tool to delineate relevant brain functions and elicit habitual epileptic seizures. Currently, no consensus exists as to whether CS should be routinely performed in pediatric patients. A significant challenge is their limited ability to cooperate during the procedure or to describe non-observable seizure semiology features. Our goal was to identify the spectrum of CS practices in Canada, for both eloquent cortex mapping and seizure stimulation. METHODS: An online survey, answered by all 8 Canadian pediatric epilepsy centers, enquired about implantation, stimulation methods, and use of standardized protocols. A systematic literature review extracted detailed stimulation parameters. RESULTS: Most of the institutions (n = 7/8) reported performing CS during presurgical evaluation. Four institutions indicated they perform stimulation in all implanted patients for the purpose of eloquent cortex mapping and seizure stimulation. The majority of physicians had their individual approach to CS. A largely variable approach to CS, mainly in the choice of stimulation parameters (i.e., train and pulse duration), was observed, with the highest variance concerning the purpose of seizure stimulation. The literature review highlighted an overall small sample size and minimal number of publications. Even though there is a rising trend towards stereotactic iEEG implantation, more data were available on subdural EEGs. CONCLUSION: This study shows individual and sparsely validated approach to CS in pediatric epilepsy. The literature review underscores the urgent need to harmonize pediatric intracranial EEG practices. More multicenter studies are needed to identify safe stimulation thresholds and allow implementation of evidence-based guidelines.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• elektroencefalografie metody   MeSH
• elektrokortikografie metody   MeSH
• epilepsie chirurgie   patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku * metody   MeSH
• mozková kůra patofyziologie   MeSH
• pediatrie metody   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• záchvaty * patofyziologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH

Východisko: Prevalence onemocnění diabetes mellitus 2. typu (DM2) má celosvětově narůstající charakter. S počtem případů, přesahujícím 430 milionů, se diabetes řadí mezi nejčastěji vyskytující se neinfekční choroby na světě, přičemž incidence onemocnění prudce narůstá u osob starších 65 let. Přirozené involuční procesy i komorbidity u seniorů mohu vést k výskytu tzv. geriatrických syndromů, které se významnou měrou podílejí na terapii, prognóze i kvalitě života pacienta. Z posledních výzkumů vyplývá, že diabetes mellitus 2. typu může hrát významnou roli při vzniku i prognóze geriatrických syndromů. Studie naznačují reciproční vztahy v etiologii i genezi mezi diabetes mellitus 2. typu, depresí a kognitivními poruchami. Cíl a účel sdělení: Cílem prezentace je na základě mapping review odhalit opakující se zjištění souvislosti diabetes mellitus 2. typu, kognitivních poruch a deprese jako geriatrických syndromů ve vztahu geneze i následků onemocnění. Metody: Ke zpracování dat z odborných článků byla zvolena metoda maping review, tj. analýza souboru odborných prací za vymezené období 2009–2019, včetně rešeršní strategie a přehledová tabulka těchto studií včetně jejich zkrácených výstupů a lokalizace, která v prezentaci bude uvedena také. Rovněž bude uvedeno grafické ztvárnění výsledků studií do systematických celků se znázorněním vzájemných vztahů. Výsledky: Review odhalilo opakující se zjištění souvislosti diabetes mellitus 2. typu a deprese ve vztahu geneze i následků onemocnění, přičemž obě zmiňovaná onemocnění pak mohou vést k poruchám kognice. Nerozpoznaná porucha kognice může naopak komplikovat terapii diabetes mellitus 2. typu a vést k dekompenzaci tohoto onemocnění. Závěr: Popis a analýza vzájemných vztahů mezi diabetes mellitus 2. typu a uvedenými geriatrickými syndromy, jak je zkoumána v uvedené literatuře, s cílem efektivní léčby deprese i kognitivního deficitu vede ke zlepšení compliance a adherence pacienta i samotné úpravě diabetes mellitus 2. typu. Tato forma sekundární prevence by mohla významně zvýšit kvalitu života seniorů.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is increasing worldwide. With more than 430 million cases, diabetes ranks among the most common non-infectious diseases in the world. The incidence of the disease is rising sharply in people over 65 years of age. Natural involutional processes and comorbidities in the elderly can lead to the occurrence of the geriatric syndrome, which significantly affects the therapy, prognosis and quality of life of the patient. Recent research shows that DM2 can play a significant role in the development and prognosis of geriatric syndromes. Studies suggest reciprocal relationships in both etiology and genesis between DM2, depression, and cognitive impairment. Aim and purpose of the message: The aim of the presentation is to reveal, with a mapping review, the repeated findings of the connection between DM2, cognitive disorders and depression in relation to the genesis and consequences of the disease. Methods: The methodology for collecting and processing data from professional articles was chosen as a mapping review – an analysis of scientific papers from the defined period 2009–2019 and a graphical representation of their results into systematic units with a representation of mutual relationships. The presentation will also include an overview table of the studies, including their short outputs and localization. Results: The mapping review revealed repeated findings of the connection between DM2 and depression in relation to the genesis and consequences of the disease, while both mentioned diseases can then lead to cognitive disorders. An unrecognized cognitive disorder can, on the other hand, complicate DM2 therapy and lead to decompensation of this disease. Conclusion: Unraveling the interrelationships between DM2 and the mentioned geriatric syndromes with the aim of effective treatment of depression and cognitive deficit leads to improvement of patient compliance and adherence as well as the treatment of DM2. This form of secondary prevention could significantly increase the quality of life of seniors.

• Klíčová slova
• Geriatrické syndromy,
• MeSH
• demence MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * psychologie   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors of the FZD1-10 class are bound and activated by the WNT family of lipoglycoproteins, thereby inducing a complex network of signaling pathways. However, the specificity of the interaction between mammalian WNT and FZD proteins and the subsequent signaling cascade downstream of the different WNT-FZD pairs have not been systematically addressed to date. In this study, we determined the binding affinities of various WNTs for different members of the FZD family by using bio-layer interferometry and characterized their functional selectivity in a cell system. Using purified WNTs, we show that different FZD cysteine-rich domains prefer to bind to distinct WNTs with fast on-rates and slow off-rates. In a 32D cell-based system engineered to overexpress FZD2, FZD4, or FZD5, we found that WNT-3A (but not WNT-4, -5A, or -9B) activated the WNT-β-catenin pathway through FZD2/4/5 as measured by phosphorylation of LRP6 and β-catenin stabilization. Surprisingly, different WNT-FZD pairs showed differential effects on phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3, revealing a previously unappreciated DVL isoform selectivity by different WNT-FZD pairs in 32D cells. In summary, we present extensive mapping of WNT-FZD cysteine-rich domain interactions complemented by analysis of WNT-FZD pair functionality in a unique cell system expressing individual FZD isoforms. Differential WNT-FZD binding and selective functional readouts suggest that endogenous WNT ligands evolved with an intrinsic natural bias toward different downstream signaling pathways, a phenomenon that could be of great importance in the design of FZD-targeting drugs.

• MeSH
• beta-katenin metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• frizzled receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• mapování interakce mezi proteiny MeSH
• mapy interakcí proteinů * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• protein - isoformy metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Wnt metabolismus   MeSH
• signální dráha Wnt * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH

Compassion is a psychological construct that has received increasing attention in recent years. Even though a lot of work has been done to identify neural correlates of empathy across studies, such work has not been properly done on neural correlates of compassion. Therefore, the aim was to systematically review the literature on neural correlates of compassion. We have searched through PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published between 1985 and 2020. We included the studies (n = 35) examining the relationship between brain structure or function and compassion. Screening was performed by two authors, between whom a level of agreement was calculated. The quality of the studies was assessed by measures used in other studies as well by measures specific for our study aims. This study was conducted under PRISMA guidelines. Our analysis revealed that the most frequent neural associations with compassion across all analysed studies can be found in the orbital part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, in the right cerebellum, the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, in the bilateral insula and the right caudate nucleus. Our findings suggest that people displaying a lower compassion tend to have either lower neural activity or a grey matter volume in neural areas associated with reward.

• MeSH
• empatie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• šedá hmota MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

• MeSH
• Archaea MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Mikrobiologie
• NLK Obory
• bakteriologie

Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne disease that has a considerable impact on human and animal health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The intermediate hosts of the schistosome parasites are freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 and Bulinus Müller, 1781. In order to identify existing gaps in the spread of the disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this study compiled the available knowledge of the distribution, population dynamics and ecology of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Scopus for all malacological studies on schistosoma intermediate hosts in DRC published between 1927 and October 2022. A total of 55 records were found, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria: these were published field and experimental studies conducted in the DRC and focused on snails as intermediate hosts of schistosomes. The analysis of these studies revealed that more up-to-date data on the distribution of snail intermediate hosts in the DRC are needed. Moreover, ecological factors have been less studied for Bulinus species than for Biomphalaria species. These factors play a crucial role in determining suitable snail habitats, and the lack of comprehensive information poses a challenge in snail control. This review makes it clear that there are no current malacological data in the DRC. There is a clear need for molecular and ecological research to update the exact species status and population dynamics of all potential intermediate host species. This will facilitate targeted snail control measures that complement drug treatment in the control of schistosomiasis in the country.

• MeSH
• Biomphalaria * parazitologie   MeSH
• Bulinus parazitologie   MeSH
• hlemýždi parazitologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Schistosoma fyziologie   MeSH
• schistosomóza * epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Konžská demokratická republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The left ventricular (LV) lead local electrogram (EGM) delay from the beginning of the QRS complex (QLV) is considered a strong predictor of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. We have developed a method for fast epicardial QLV mapping during video-thoracoscopic surgery to guide LV lead placement. METHODS: A three-port, video-thoracoscopic approach was used for LV free wall epicardial mapping and lead implantation. A decapolar electrophysiological catheter was introduced through one port and systematically attached to multiple accessible LV sites. The pacing lead was targeted to the site with maximum QLV. The LV free wall activation pattern was analyzed in 16 pre-specified anatomical segments. RESULTS: We implanted LV leads in 13 patients with LBBB or IVCD. The procedural and mapping times were 142 ± 39 minutes and 20 ± 9 minutes, respectively. A total of 15.0 ± 2.2 LV segments were mappable with variable spatial distribution of QLV-optimum. The QLV ratio (QLV/QRSd) at the optimum segment was significantly higher (by 0.17 ± 0.08, p < 0.00001) as compared to an empirical midventricular lateral segment. The LV lead was implanted at the optimum segment in 11 patients (at an adjacent segment in 2 patients) achieving a QLV ratio of 0.82 ± 0.09 (range 0.63-0.93) and 99.5 ± 0.6% match with intraprocedural mapping. CONCLUSION: Video-thoracoscopic LV lead implantation can be effectively and safely guided by epicardial QLV mapping. This strategy was highly successful in targeting the selected LV segment and resulted in significantly higher QLV ratios compared to an empirical midventricular lateral segment.

• MeSH
• blokáda Tawarova raménka diagnóza   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• epikardiální mapování * MeSH
• funkce levé komory srdeční MeSH
• hrudní chirurgie video-asistovaná * MeSH
• komorový tlak (srdce) MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• perikard patofyziologie   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prostředky srdeční resynchronizační terapie * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční komory patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• srdeční resynchronizační terapie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Symptomatic overlap of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Mania in medical history remains the only reliable distinguishing marker which is problematic given that episodes of depression compared to episodes of mania are more frequent and predominantly present at the beginning of BD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a non-invasive, task-free, and well-tolerated method that may provide diagnostic markers acquired from spontaneous neural activity. Previous rs-fMRI studies focused on differentiating BD from MDD depression were inconsistent in their findings due to low sample power, heterogeneity of compared samples, and diversity of analytical methods. This meta-analysis investigated resting-state activity differences in BD and MDD depression using activation likelihood estimation. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for whole-brain rs-fMRI studies which compared MDD and BD currently depressed patients between Jan 2000 and August 2020. Ten studies were included, representing 234 BD and 296 MDD patients. The meta-analysis found increased activity in the left insula and adjacent area in MDD compared to BD. The finding suggests that the insula is involved in neural activity patterns during resting-state that can be potentially used as a biomarker differentiating both disorders.

• MeSH
• bipolární porucha diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozek patofyziologie   MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Spectral density mapping represents the method of choice for investigations of molecular motions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). However, the current methodology has been developed for well-folded proteins. In order to find conditions for a reliable analysis of relaxation of IDPs, accuracy of the current reduced spectral density mapping protocols applied to IDPs was examined and new spectral density mapping methods employing cross-correlated relaxation rates have been designed. Various sources of possible systematic errors were analyzed theoretically and the presented approaches were tested on a partially disordered protein, delta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase. Results showed that the proposed protocols provide unbiased description of molecular motions of IDPs and allow to separate slow exchange from fast dynamics.

• MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• nukleární magnetická rezonance biomolekulární metody   MeSH
• sbalování proteinů MeSH
• vnitřně neuspořádané proteiny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH