AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of dentists in Croatia and the Czech Republic with endodontic recommendations and identify the subjective and objective factors influencing their adherence to them. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1386 dentists from Croatia and the Czech Republic participated in an online survey through a self-administered, author-designed questionnaire. After excluding those who did not perform root canal treatments (RCT), 1376 responses (394 from Croatia and 982 from the Czech Republic) were statistically analysed. RESULTS: The median age of respondents was 40 years, with a higher proportion of females in both countries. Croatian dentists treated fewer patients weekly but performed more RCTs and placed more composite fillings than their Czech counterparts. Czech dentists more frequently employed magnification devices, rubber dam (RD), pre-endodontic build-ups, nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments, irrigant activation, bioceramic sealers, indirect post-endodontic restoration of lateral teeth, and single-visit treatments. These practices were also more common among endodontists than general dental practitioners and other specialists in both countries. Croatian dentists adhered more consistently to the recommended irrigation protocol. In the Czech group, adherence to recommended procedures, such as magnification, RD usage, and irrigation protocol correlated with younger age, smaller weekly number of patients, and preference for treating patients in the supine position. No such correlations were observed among the Croatian dentists. CONCLUSIONS: Despite notable improvements in recent years, dentists still do not fully comply with the recommended RCT working procedures in Croatia and the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Guideline Adherence statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Root Canal Therapy * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Practice Patterns, Dentists' * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Dentists statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Croatia MeSH

Most tooth-bearing non-mammalian vertebrates have the capacity to replace their teeth throughout life. This capacity was lost in mammals, which replace their teeth only once at most. Not surprisingly, continuous tooth replacement has attracted much attention. Classical morphological studies (e.g. to analyse patterns of replacement) are now being complemented by molecular studies that investigate the expression of genes involved in tooth formation. This review focuses on ray-finned fish (actinopterygians), which have teeth often distributed throughout the mouth and pharynx, and more specifically on teleost fish, the largest group of extant vertebrates. First we highlight the diversity in tooth distribution and in tooth replacement patterns. Replacement tooth formation can start from a distinct (usually discontinuous and transient) dental lamina, but also in the absence of a successional lamina, e.g. from the surface epithelium of the oropharynx or from the outer dental epithelium of a predecessor tooth. The relationship of a replacement tooth to its predecessor is closely related to whether replacement is the result of a prepattern or occurs on demand. As replacement teeth do not necessarily have the same molecular signature as first-generation teeth, the question of the actual trigger for tooth replacement is discussed. Much emphasis has been laid in the past on the potential role of epithelial stem cells in initiating tooth replacement. The outcome of such studies has been equivocal, possibly related to the taxa investigated, and the permanent or transient nature of the dental lamina. Alternatively, replacement may result from local proliferation of undifferentiated progenitors, stimulated by hitherto unknown, perhaps mesenchymal, factors. So far, the role of the neurovascular link in continuous tooth replacement has been poorly investigated, despite the presence of a rich vascularisation surrounding actinopterygian (as well as chondrichthyan) teeth and despite a complete arrest of tooth replacement after nerve resection. Lastly, tooth replacement is possibly co-opted as a process to expand the number of teeth in a dentition ontogenetically whilst conserving features of the primary dentition. That neither a dental lamina, nor stem cells appear to be required for tooth replacement places teleosts in an advantageous position as models for tooth regeneration in humans, where the dental lamina regresses and epithelial stem cells are considered lost.

• MeSH
• Biological Evolution MeSH
• Fishes * physiology   MeSH
• Tooth * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Tooth formation requires complex signaling interactions both within the oral epithelium and between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme. Previous studies of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have shown that tooth formation is partly inhibited in loss-of-function mutants, and gain-of-function mutants have perturbed tooth morphology. However, the stage at which Wnt signaling is first important in tooth formation remains unclear. Here, using an Fgf8-promoter-driven, and therefore early, deletion of β-catenin in mouse molar epithelium, we found that loss of Wnt/β-catenin signaling completely deletes the molar tooth, demonstrating that this pathway is central to the earliest stages of tooth formation. Early expression of a dominant-active β-catenin protein also perturbs tooth formation, producing a large domed evagination at early stages and supernumerary teeth later on. The early evaginations are associated with premature mesenchymal condensation marker, and are reduced by inhibition of condensation-associated collagen synthesis. We propose that invagination versus evagination morphogenesis is regulated by the relative timing of epithelial versus mesenchymal cell convergence regulated by canonical Wnt signaling. Together, these studies reveal new aspects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tooth formation and in epithelial morphogenesis more broadly.

• MeSH
• beta Catenin metabolism   MeSH
• Epithelium metabolism   MeSH
• Epithelial Cells cytology   metabolism   MeSH
• Mesoderm metabolism   MeSH
• Molar cytology   growth & development   metabolism   MeSH
• Morphogenesis physiology   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Odontogenesis genetics   physiology   MeSH
• Cell Proliferation MeSH
• Wnt Signaling Pathway physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

During evolution, there has been a trend to reduce both the number of teeth and the location where they are found within the oral cavity. In mammals, the formation of teeth is restricted to a horseshoe band of odontogenic tissue, creating a single dental arch on the top and bottom of the jaw. Additional teeth and structures containing dental tissue, such as odontogenic tumors or cysts, can appear as pathologies. These tooth-like structures can be associated with the normal dentition, appearing within the dental arch, or in nondental areas. The etiology of these pathologies is not well elucidated. Reawakening of the potential to form teeth in different parts of the oral cavity could explain the origin of dental pathologies outside the dental arch, thus such pathologies are a consequence of our evolutionary history. In this review, we look at the changing pattern of tooth formation within the oral cavity during vertebrate evolution, the potential to form additional tooth-like structures in mammals, and discuss how this knowledge shapes our understanding of dental pathologies in humans.

• MeSH
• Biological Evolution * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Vertebrates growth & development   MeSH
• Odontogenesis * MeSH
• Mammals anatomy & histology   growth & development   MeSH
• Mouth growth & development   MeSH
• Tooth pathology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health and diet of a Medieval Muslim sample from Granada in southern Spain (11th – 15th centuries), in which the sex and age of the remains had been established. Carious lesions, linear enamel hypoplasia, dental calculus and tooth wear were the pathologies examined in this paper. A total of 961 permanent teeth and 1009 alveoli belonging to sixty individuals (32 males and 28 females) were observed. Adult males exhibited significantly higher prevalence of tooth wear, while females exhibited higher prevalence of caries and dental calculus. The highest frequency of linear enamel hypoplasia was determined in juvenile individuals. Additionally, a peak age at stress of 2.5 to 3 years was recorded in the sample. This paper showed that frequency and distribution of dental pathologies in the Medieval population of Granada is very similar to that other agricultural European populations of the same socio-economic status during the same historic period. The level of caries and dental calculus could be associated with a carbohydrate-rich diet with only occasional consumption of meat. Furthermore, significant differences between adult men and women in the sample studied suggest different nutritional patterns during adulthood with females consuming food mostly based on carbohydrates in comparison to males.

• MeSH
• History, Medieval * MeSH
• Epidemiologic Factors MeSH
• Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
• Dental Enamel Hypoplasia epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Islam MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Tooth Diseases * epidemiology   etiology   classification   MeSH
• Tooth Wear epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Dental Calculus epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Dental Caries epidemiology   MeSH
• Dental Enamel pathology   MeSH
• Tooth pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• History, Medieval * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Historical Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Spain MeSH

The vestibular lamina (VL) is a transient developmental structure that forms the lip furrow, creating a gap between the lips/cheeks and teeth (oral vestibule). Surprisingly, little is known about the development of the VL and its relationship to the adjacent dental lamina (DL), which forms the teeth. In some congenital disorders, such as Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome, development of the VL is disrupted and multiple supernumerary frenula form, physically linking the lips and teeth. Here, we assess the normal development of the VL in human embryos from 6.5 (CS19) to 13 weeks of development, showing the close relationship between the VL and DL, from initiation to differentiation. In the anterior lower region, the two structures arise from the same epithelial thickening. The VL then undergoes complex morphogenetic changes during development, forming a branched structure that separates to create the vestibule. Changing expression of keratins highlight the differentiation patterns in the VL, with fissure formation linked to the onset of filaggrin. Apoptosis is involved in removal of the central portion of the VL to create a broad furrow between the future cheek and gum. This research forms an essential base to further explore developmental defects in this part of the oral cavity.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Anatomy MeSH

• Conspectus
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NML Fields
• anatomie
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• Pediatrics MeSH

• Conspectus
• Pediatrie
• NML Fields
• pediatrie

• MeSH
• Embryology MeSH
• Embryonic Development * MeSH
• Congenital Abnormalities MeSH
• Fetal Development MeSH
• Developmental Biology MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• NML Fields
• embryologie a teratologie