The cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphorus compounds referred to as nerve agents (soman, sarin, tabun, GF agent, and VX) are particularly toxic and are considered to be among the most dangerous chemical warfare agents. Included in antidotal medical countermeasures are oximes to reactivate the inhibited cholinesterase. Much experimental work has been done to better understand the properties of the oxime antidotal candidates including the currently available pralidoxime and obidoxime, the H oximes HI-6 and Hlö-7, and methoxime. There is no single, broad-spectrum oxime suitablefor the antidotal treatment of poisoning with all organophosphorus agents. If more than one oxime is available, the choice depends primarily on the identity of the responsible organophosphorus compound. The H oximes appear to be very promising antidotes against nerve agents because they are able to protect experimental animals from toxic effects and improve survival of animals poisoned with supralethal doses. They appear more effective against nerve agent poisoning than the currently used oximes pralidoxime and obidoxime, especially in the case of soman poisoning. On the other hand, pralidoxime and especially obidoxime seem sufficiently effective to treat poisonings with organophosphorus insecticides that have relatively less toxicity than nerve agents.

Purkyne Military Medical Academy Hradec Králové Czech Republic

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Influence of Experimental End Point on the Therapeutic Efficacy of Essential and Additional Antidotes in Organophosphorus Nerve Agent-Intoxicated Mice

Molecular Modeling Studies on the Multistep Reactivation Process of Organophosphate-Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

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Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a target in pharmacology and toxicology

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Effect of several new and currently available oxime cholinesterase reactivators on tabun-intoxicated rats

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Reactivation of sarin-inhibited pig brain acetylcholinesterase using oxime antidotes

The influence of oxime and anticholinergic drug selection on the potency of antidotal treatment to counteract acute toxic effects of tabun in mice

The influence of antidotal treatment of low-level tabun exposure on cognitive functions in rats using a water maze

Reactivation of organophosphate-inhibited acetylcholinesterase by quaternary pyridinium aldoximes