Metylační umlčení některých buněčných genů je známkou progrese karcinogeneze a proto testy, které metylaci detekují, by mohly být využívány v diagnostice či „stagingu“ maligních onemocnění. V diagnostice dlaždicobuněčných karcinomů děložního hrdla (DH), které jsou téměř ve 100 % způsobeny dlouhodobou infekcí vysoce rizikovými lidskými papilomaviry (HR-HPV), je metylační umlčení určitých buněčných genů vysoce specifickým markerem pokročilé dysplastické léze a zřejmě vzniká důsledkem aberantní aktivace metyltransferázy DNMT1 virovými onkoproteiny E6 a E7. Metylační test provedený ze vzorku cervikovaginální cytologie umožňuje zvýšit výpovědní hodnotu tohoto neinvazivního vyšetření a selektovat pacientky s biologicky závažnou dlaždicobuněčnou lézí pro následné vyšetření. Pomocí cytologického vyšetření lze odhalit také méně časté anogenitální malignity, které jsou indukované HR-HPV v nižší míře – žlázové léze různého původu, nejčastěji adenokarcinomy DH a endometria a anální karcinom. Cílem naší pilotní studie bylo ohodnotit přínos metylačního testu pro diagnostiku těchto malignit na souboru 50 tekutých cervikovaginálních cytologií s nálezem žlázové léze a 74 tekutých análních cytologií HIV-pozitivních homosexuálů, kteří jsou ve vysokém riziku vzniku karcinomu anu.

Methylation silencing of certain cellular genes is a sign of carcinogenesis progression and therefore tests that detect methylation could be used in the diagnosis or staging of malignant diseases. In the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix which are almost 100% caused by long-term infection with highrisk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), methylation silencing of certain cellular genes is a highly specific marker of advanced dysplastic lesions and appears to result from aberrant activation of the methyltransferase DNMT1 by viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. A methylation test performed on a cervicovaginal cytology specimen allows to increase the diagnostic value of this non-invasive test and to select patients with severe squamous cell lesions for follow-up. Other less frequent anogenital malignancies that are induced by HR-HPV to a lesser extent can also be detected by cytological examination - glandular lesions of various origins, most commonly cervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas and anal carcinoma. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the utility of a methylation test for the diagnosis of these malignancies in a cohort of 50 liquid-based cervicovaginal cytologies with glandular lesion and 74 liquid-based anal cytologies from HIV-positive men having sex with men who are at high risk for anal cancer development.

• MeSH
• cytodiagnostika metody   MeSH
• HIV séropozitivita komplikace   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem diagnóza   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA * MeSH
• nádory anu diagnóza   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnóza   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny virové genetika   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

BACKGROUND: HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are more likely to experience human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The persistent HPV infection is the major factor in the development of anal and oropharyngeal neoplasms. Data on the prevalence of anal and oral HPV in MSM are almost absent from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. We conducted a cross-sectional study focused on the prevalence of oral and anal HPV infections and the relationship between current anal and oral HPV intrapersonal infection in a Czech population of predominantly HIV-positive MSM. METHODS: Oral gargle and anal swab samples from 205 predominantly HIV-positive MSM from the Czech Republic were analysed for HPV infection using PCR. Selected sociodemographic and clinical data were correlated with HPV detection using generalized linear models and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: HPV infection was detected in 183 (96.8%) anal and 48 (23.6%) oral samples. The most common type of HR-HPV was HPV16 in both anal (25.4%) and oral (2.5%) samples. Multiple anal HPV infections and the presence of vaccine-targeted HR-HPV types were significantly correlated with abnormal anal cytology and HIV status. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anal HPV infection in Czech predominantly HIV-positive MSM ranks among the highest reported, while oral HPV prevalence is consistent with MSM populations. Minimal overlap of oral and anal HPV types within a patient was observed.

• MeSH
• anální kanál MeSH
• HIV infekce * komplikace   epidemiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• HIV séropozitivita * epidemiologie   MeSH
• homosexualita mužská MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetika   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sexuální a genderové menšiny * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Analysis of mycobiome from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies should preferentially detect only fungi which are actually present in the intestine wall, in contrast to stool samples, which are limited by the diet composition. Next generation sequencing provides the advantage of analyzing many species from a single sample. Consequently, canonical correspondence analysis divided fungal genera present in FFPE intestinal tissues into three well-defined experimental groups (negative controls - NC, Crohn's disease - CD, ulcerative colitis - UC). Simultaneously, the analysis showed that particular fungal genera are associated with these experimental groups and several fungal genera occurred in all experimental groups equally. Our results also showed a noticeable increase of Ascomycota proportion from NC, through CD to UC. Fungal genera Malassezia, Cladosporium and Toninia occurred in all experimental groups assuming that they are common components of the intestinal mycobiome. Other fungal genera found only in the NC experimental group were non-pathogenic and might bring some benefits. In contrast, CD and UC samples were characterized by an accumulation of genera with inhibitive effects on growth of other fungal genera and the presence of opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, a decrease in the fungal genus Malassezia in inflammatory tissues was observed; Specifically, the UC experimental group showed a connection between the presence of Candida and seven time's lower amounts of Malassezia (compared to amounts found in NC). The CD experimental group was characterized by the simultaneous presence of Engyodontium album with Lecanicillium, and indicates a possible pathogenic effect of Ramularia in disease development.LAY SUMMARY: Mycobiome analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies may highlight actual fungal genera composition in the intestinal wall. Interestingly, experimental groups of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis clearly differed by structure of their mycobiomes.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota * MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mykobiom * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• střeva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Anal cancer (AC) screening is justified in high-risk populations, particularly HIV-positive men having sex with men (MSM). HR-HPV testing could improve the efficiency of cytologically based screening of AC, as in the screening of biologically analogical cervical cancer. The specificity of HR-HPV testing is influenced by the prevalence of HR-HPV infection in the screened population. Reported anal HR-HPV DNA prevalence in MSM is high, but HR-HPV mRNA reflects rather long-term infections and is more specific for high-grade lesions. However, no data were published about HR-HPV DNA and mRNA prevalence in the Czech AC screening population. METHOD: Results of liquid-based anal cytology of 203 predominantly HIV-positive MSM from the Czech AC screening cohort were correlated with results of DNA and E6/E7 mRNA testing of 14 HR-HPV types, and HPV16 genotyping. Eighty-one MSM underwent a standard anoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 109 (53.7%) samples had abnormal cytology, with 12 (5.9%) ASC-H/HSIL, 67 (33.0%) samples cytologically negative, and 27 (13.3%) unsatisfactory. HR-HPV DNA was detected in 134 (66.0%) and HR-HPV RNA in 72 (35.5%) anal smears. HR-HPV mRNA and HPV16 mRNA positivity were associated with abnormal cytology (p = .0037, p = .0021). No significant association was found between HR-HPV DNA or HPV16 DNA positivity and abnormal cytology. No high-grade lesions were revealed by anoscopy. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of anal HR-HPV DNA among Czech MSM is high, however, the prevalence of HR-HPV mRNA is half and associated with abnormal cytology. Our results indicate an increased efficiency of cytological screening when combined with HR-HPV mRNA testing.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• DNA virů genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• homosexualita mužská genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem epidemiologie   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory anu genetika   patologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sexuální a genderové menšiny statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Cíle studie: Originální adalimumab je zavedenou terapií Crohnovy nemoci, biosimilární adalimumab SB-5 se ukázal být v krátkodobé 10týdenní studii stejně efektivní a bezpečný jako originální produkt. Cílem studie bylo porovnat účinnost a bezpečnost léčby biosimilárním adalimumabem SB-5 po převedení z originálního léčiva v dlouhodobém sledování trvajícím 104 týdnů. Metody: Observační a retrospektivní analýza nemocných s Crohnovou chorobou, starších 18 let, kteří byli léčeni v Klinickém centru ISCARE a.s. a jejichž data o efektivitě a bezpečnosti léčby byla uvedena v CREdIT registru. Primárním cílem bylo zjištění klinické efektivity léčby biosimilárním adalimumabem SB-5 a originálním adalimumabem vyjádřené pomocí Hervey-Bradshowa indexu v týdnu 52. Sekundárními cíli bylo zjištění hodnot CRP, fekálního kalprotektinu a plazmatické hladiny adalimumabu v týdnech 10, 26, 52, 78 a 104 a výskyt nežádoucích účinků a perzistence na léčbě. K lepšímu posouzení efektů léčby byly vytvořeny dvě kohorty pacientů na základě „propensity score matching“ pro pohlaví, věk, lokalizaci nemoci a aktivitu choroby. Výsledky: Celkem 54 pacientů v každé kohortě bylo spárováno podle uvedených kritérií. V týdnu 52 byla průměrná hodnota HB skóre v kohortě léčené originálním adalimumabem 3,2; v kohortě na biosimilárním adalimumabu SB-5 4,0 [rozdíl (95% CI) –0,78 (–2,8; 1,3)]. Podobně klinicky nevýznamné rozdíly byly zjištěny v hodnotách C-reaktivního proteinu (CRP), fekálního kalprotektinu a v průměrné údolní koncentraci adalimumabu mezi oběma kohortami v týdnu 52. Kaplan-Meierova analýza potvrdila v týdnu 52 významně lepší perzistenci na léčbě u originálního přípravku v porovnání s biosimilárním adalimumabem SB-5 0,870 (0,785–0,965) vs. 0,648 (0,533–0,789). Závěr: Dlouhodobé výsledky nemedicínsky indukovaného „switche“ z originálního na biosimilární adalimumab SB-5 potvrdily stejnou terapeutickou efektivitu biosimilárního adalimumabu SB-5 vyjádřenou podobně kontrolovanou klinickou aktivitou Crohnovy nemoci, biologickými parametry a farmakokinetickým profilem v týdnu 52 a v týdnu 104, jako měl originální adlimumab. Byla zjištěna nižší perzistence na léčbě u biosimilárního adlaimumabu SB-5.

Background and aims: Originator-adalimumab, an established treatment for patients with Crohn‘s disease (CD) showed no difference in efficacy or adverse events vs the adalimumab biosimilar SB5 (SB5-adalimumab) over 10 weeks of treatment. To understand the long-term efficacy of SB5-adalimumab in CD, patients who switched from originator-adalimumab to SB5-adalimumab were compared to a cohort who remained on originator-adalimumab over a follow up of 104 weeks. Methods: In this analysis, data on patients ≥ 18 years and diagnosed with CD treated at the IBD ISCARE centre were collected prospectively between July 2018 and January 2021. Clinical disease activity as measured by Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) at Week 52 was the primary outcome, while C-reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), adalimumab trough levels in Weeks 10, 26, 52, 78, and 104, adverse events leading to therapy withdrawal, and persistence on treatment were secondary outcomes. To ensure comparable treatment cohorts, patients were propensity score matched (PSM) for age, gender, diagnosis, and disease activity. Results: A total of 54 patients were matched according to the given criteria in each group. At Week 52, the mean [SD] HBI score was 3.2 (2.5) in the originator-adalimumab group and 4.0 (3.6) in SB5-adalimumab patients (difference [95% CI] –0.78 [–2.8, 1.3]). Similarly, no clinically significant differences in CRP, FC, or trough levels were noted between originator-adalimumab and SB5-adalimumab cohorts through Week 52. The Kaplan-Meier estimates (95% CI) of patients remaining on treatment for the originator-adalimumab vs SB5-adalimumab cohorts were 0.870 (0.785–0.965) vs 0.648 (0.533–0.789) at Week 52. Conclusions: These long-term study results in CD patients after a non-medical switch from originator-adalimumab to SB5-adalimumab showed that the biosimilar SB5 had similar therapeutic effects as originator-adalimumab in terms of clinical disease activity, biological parameters, and pharmacokinetics profile at the primary endpoint of 52 weeks, as well as 104 weeks. Differences in persistence were not clinically driven. Persistence on treatment was lower in patients treated with biosimilar adalimumab SB-5.

• Klíčová slova
• bioimilární adalimumab SB-5,
• MeSH
• adalimumab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologická terapie metody   MeSH
• biosimilární léčivé přípravky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Currently, it is thought that uterine cervix mucosal samples present a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. So far, there is no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 detection in Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Nevertheless, clinicians could be exposed unaware to the coronavirus while performing and handling a Pap smear. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples in women who tested positive for a nasopharyngeal COVID-19 PCR test. METHODS: From our laboratory database, we identified patients with data on a cervical cancer screening LBC sample paired with a positive nasopharyngeal COVID-19 PCR test. Relevant LBC samples taken within an incubation period of 14 days and post-onset RNA shedding interval of 25 days were subsequently tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RT-PCR tests. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 102 women. Of those, 23 LBC samples were tested. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in one LBC sample from a 26-year-old asymptomatic woman taken six days before reporting headaches and knee arthralgia with a positive nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cervical LBC samples at an early asymptomatic stage of COVID-19. In general, this finding is infrequent in asymptomatic women who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive within an incubation of 14 days and a post-onset RNA shedding period of 25 days. We fully support the current thinking that cervical LBC samples from asymptomatic women pose a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and can be handled in the frame of good microbiological practice and procedures.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   virologie   MeSH
• Papanicolaouův test * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• testování na COVID-19 průkazem nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
• vaginální stěr * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Specific cutaneous involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma is rare. In cutaneous lesions, the diagnosis is usually based on the recognition of diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells and its variants. In nodal Hodgkin lymphoma, so-called mummified cells (cells with condensed cytoplasm and pyknotic eosinophilic or basophilic nuclei) are often seen. They are sometimes conspicuous and easy to recognize, thus serving as a clue to the diagnosis. Our objective was to study cases of cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma to identify the occurrence of mummified cells. We studied 12 patients (4 women and 8 men; age range 23-80 years). In 6 patients, cutaneous and extracutaneous disease was identified almost simultaneously; in 4 patients, lymph node disease preceded cutaneous involvement; and in the remaining 2 patients, the skin lesions were the presenting sign, whereas lymph node involvement occurred later. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular-genetic studies, including rearrangements for TCR, IgH genes, and PCR for EBV, were performed. Cutaneous biopsy specimens revealed either a multinodular or diffuse infiltrate, included small lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, and macrophages, but in all cases, diagnostic Reed-Sternberg cells and its variants were identified. Mummified cells were detected in 9 cases, either as occasional scattered mummified cells often requiring a search (6 cases) or being conspicuous, grouped and therefore easily identified (3 cases). Immunohistochemically, in all 7 cases studied, mummified cells were positive for both CD30 and CD15. It is concluded that mummified cells are encountered in a majority of cases of cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Hodgkinova nemoc patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory kůže patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: It is generally acknowledged that interobserver variability for the histological diagnosis of endocervical adenocarcinoma (EA) subtypes is suboptimal. The recently proposed International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) system is based on the presence of associated human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. It recognises HPV-associated EAs and non-HPV-associated EAs. METHODS: This prospective cytology-histology and molecular genetics-based study investigated the potential effect of IECC being applied to Papanicolaou (Pap) test with regard to the diagnostic accuracy of severe glandular lesions reported at least as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). RESULTS: Out of 118 liquid-based cytology Pap tests with AIS+ lesion, complete information on follow-up biopsy and HPV status was available in 51 cases. AIS and EA category correlated with histologically confirmed AIS/EA in 88.5% (23/26) and 70.5% (12/17) of cases, respectively. Interestingly, 93% (40/43) of cases diagnosed as AIS/EA were HPV positive and 7% (3/43) were HPV negative (originating in the cervix, endometrium and adnexa). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that this approach could possibly divide Pap tests containing severe glandular lesion into two groups: (a) robust diagnosis of HPV-associated EA and (b) non-HPV associated glandular lesions of heterogeneous origin, requiring further clinical preoperative diagnostic workup.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom klasifikace   diagnóza   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
• cytodiagnostika metody   MeSH
• dysplazie děložního hrdla klasifikace   diagnóza   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem klasifikace   diagnóza   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Papanicolaouův test metody   MeSH
• vaginální stěr metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH