- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in regulating growth and metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity, improve glucose metabolism, and are potentially related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its complications for mothers and fetuses. DESIGN: This study aimed to assess serum levels and cord blood levels of IGF system components in pregnant women with (39 participants) and without GDM (22 participants). Blood samples were obtained at 28-32 and 36-38 weeks of gestation and 6-12 months after delivery. Cord blood samples were obtained during delivery. Results between both groups as well as between single visits were statistically compared. RESULTS: Both IGF1 and IGF2 maternal serum levels did not differ between the GDM and non-GDM groups. However, levels of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were different. IGFBP4 levels were decreased during pregnancy and after delivery in women with GDM, while IGFBP7 levels were increased during pregnancy in women with GDM. Cord blood IGFBP3 and IGFBP7 levels were increased (p < 0.001 for IGFBP3, p = 0.003 for IGFBP7), while IGFBP4 levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in the GDM group compared with the non-GDM group. CONCLUSIONS: Although IGF levels did not differ, changes in their function level could still persist possibly because of the effects of the binding proteins, especially their promoting or inhibitory effects on IGFs. These results should be considered in interpretation of IGF levels.
- MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- fetální krev metabolismus MeSH
- gestační diabetes * metabolismus MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proteiny vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Immune cells are an inseparable component of adipose tissue intimately involved in most of its functions. Physiologically, they regulate adipose tissue homeostasis, while in case of adipose tissue stress, immune cells are able to change their phenotype, enhance their count and subsequently contribute to the development and maintenance of local adipose tissue inflammation. Immune cells are an important source of inflammatory cytokines and other pro-inflammatory products that further influence not only surrounding tissues but via systemic circulation also the whole organism being thus one of the main factors responsible for the transition from simple obesity to associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on different adipose tissue immune cell subsets and their role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
- MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- imunitní systém metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy patologie fyziologie MeSH
- obezita imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- tuková tkáň imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- zánět imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The aim of our study was to analyze mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gene expression profiles in subcutaneous (SAT) and epicardial (EAT) adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and myocardium in patients with and without CAD undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Thirty-eight patients, 27 with (CAD group) and 11 without CAD (noCAD group), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery were included in the study. EAT, SAT, intercostal skeletal muscle, and right atrium tissue and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery; mRNA expression of selected mitochondrial and ER stress genes was assessed using qRT-PCR. The presence of CAD was associated with decreased mRNA expression of most of the investigated mitochondrial respiratory chain genes in EAT, while no such changes were seen in SAT or other tissues. In contrast, the expression of ER stress genes did not differ between the CAD and noCAD groups in almost any tissue. Cardiac surgery further augmented mitochondrial dysfunction in EAT. In our study, CAD was associated with decreased expression of mitochondrial, but not endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in EAT. These changes may contribute to the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis.
- MeSH
- endoplazmatické retikulum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu genetika MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- mitochondrie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myokard metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- perikard metabolismus MeSH
- podkožní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody MeSH
- stres endoplazmatického retikula genetika fyziologie MeSH
- transkriptom genetika MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
CONTEXT: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is accompanied by subclinical inflammation; however, little is known about local inflammation in adipose tissue and placenta. OBJECTIVE: To analyze systemic and local subclinical inflammation and adipose tissue lymphocyte content and phenotype in pregnant women with and without GDM. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTINGS: Academic hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-one pregnant women with GDM (GDM group), 16 pregnant women without GDM (non-GDM group) and 15 nonpregnant control women (N group). INTERVENTIONS: Serum samples taken at 28 to 32 (visit 1 [V1]) and 36 to 38 (V2) gestational weeks and 6 to 12 months after delivery (V3) in the GDM and non-GDM group and before elective gynecological surgery in the N group. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained during cesarean delivery or surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels and adipose tissue expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipose tissue lymphocyte content and phenotype (for a subset of GDM and non-GDM subjects). RESULTS: Accented proinflammatory state in GDM was documented by increased circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. In both groups of pregnant females total lymphocytes were higher in VAT compared to SAT. In GDM subjects B cells and NKT cells were higher in SAT compared to VAT and T helper cells were increased relative to SAT of non-GDM group, while no intercompartmental adipose tissue differences were seen in non-GDM women. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant females had higher total lymphocyte count in VAT relative to SAT regardless of GDM. In addition to increased systemic subclinical inflammation, GDM was associated with significant differences in lymphocyte composition between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots.
- MeSH
- cytokiny krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gestační diabetes krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty metabolismus MeSH
- počet lymfocytů MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- zánět krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is diabetes that is first diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy in patients who did not have a history of diabetes before pregnancy. Consequences of GDM include increased risk of macrosomia and birth complications in the infant and an increased risk of maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after pregnancy. There is also a longer-term risk of obesity, T2DM, and cardiovascular diseases in the child. GDM is the result of impaired glucose tolerance due to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction on a background of insulin resistance that physiologically increases during pregnancy. The strongest clinical predictors of GDM are overweight and obesity. The fact that women with GDM are more likely to be overweight or obese suggests that adipose tissue dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM, similarly to T2DM. Adipose tissue is not only involved in energy storage but also functions as an active endocrine organ secreting adipokines (specific hormones and cytokines) with the ability to alter insulin sensitivity. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of numerous adipokines produced by fat in the development of GDM. The following text summarizes the current knowledge about a possible role of selected adipokines in the development of GDM.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gestační diabetes etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci endokrinního systému komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- tuková tkáň patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine selected parameters of IGF system at systemic and local levels [subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] to assess its possible role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). 37 pregnant women (21 with GDM and 16 without GDM) and 15 age-matched non-pregnant females were included in the study. Blood samples were taken in 28-32 and 36-38 weeks of gestation and 6-12 months after delivery. SAT and VAT samples were obtained during delivery or surgery. Compared with non-pregnant women, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were increased in both groups of pregnant women. IGF-2 was elevated only in GDM women from 36 weeks of gestation culminating 6 months after delivery (p=0.003). Serum IGFBP-3 was increased and IGFBP-4 decreased in GDM women vs. pregnant women without GDM during the whole study (IGFBP-3: p?0.001 for GDM vs. non-GDM; IGFBP-4: p=0.004 for GDM vs. non-GDM). Pregnant women with GDM had decreased mRNA expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IGF-2R and IGFBP-4 in VAT and IGF-1R in SAT compared to pregnant women without GDM. Changes in local activity of IGF are associated with the development of GDM.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gestační diabetes diagnóza genetika krev MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- podkožní tuk metabolismus MeSH
- poporodní období krev MeSH
- proteiny vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory genetika krev MeSH
- receptory somatomedinů genetika krev MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- somatomediny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of our study was to assess the presence and degree of intestinal leakage in subjects suffering from short bowel syndrome (SBS) and its modification by parenteral nutrition. To this end we assessed circulating levels of selected makers of intestinal permeability including zonulin, fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP-2), citrulline and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). We also measured lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) as a marker of circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide acting through the CD14 molecule. Eleven SBS and 10 age- and BMI-matched control subjects were included into the study. The effect of parenteral nutrition was assessed after 14 days, 6 and 12 months from its initiation, respectively. At baseline, SBS patients had increased gut permeability as measured by zonulin (47.24+/-2.14 vs. 39.48+/-1.20 ng/ml, p=0.006) and LBP (30.32+/-13.25 vs. 9.77+/-0.71 microg/ml, p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, SBS subjects had reduced FABP-2, unchanged citrulline and increased sCD14 and GLP-2 relative to control group. Throughout the whole study period the administered parenteral nutrition had no significant effect on any of the studied parameters. Taken together, our data show that patients with short bowel syndrome have increased intestinal permeability that is not affected by parenteral nutrition.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- citrulin krev MeSH
- glukagonu podobný peptid 2 krev MeSH
- haptoglobiny MeSH
- intestinální absorpce * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránové glykoproteiny krev MeSH
- parenterální výživa * MeSH
- permeabilita MeSH
- proteinové prekurzory krev MeSH
- proteiny akutní fáze MeSH
- proteiny vázající mastné kyseliny krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- syndrom krátkého střeva diagnóza krev patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- tenké střevo metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- transportní proteiny krev MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
