PURPOSE: Inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with a higher disease stage and is considered a risk factor for poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of MRI 3D texture analysis in the differentiation of solid and friable tumour thrombus in patients with RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 27 patients with RCC with tumour thrombus in the renal vein or IVC, surgically treated with nephrectomy and thrombectomy and in whom preoperatively abdominal MRI including the DWI sequence was conducted. For 3D texture analysis, the ADC map was used, and the first-order radiomic features were calculated from the whole volume of the thrombus. All tumour thrombi were histologically classified as solid or friable. RESULTS: The solid and friable thrombus was detected in 51.9 ​% and 48.1 ​% of patients, respectively. No differences in mean values of range, 90th percentile, interquartile range, kurtosis, uniformity and variance were found between groups. Equal sensitivity and specificity (93 ​% and 69 ​%, respectively) of ADC mean, median and entropy in differentiation between solid and friable tumour thrombus, with the highest AUC for entropy (0.808), were observed. Applying the skewness threshold value of 0.09 allowed us to achieve a sensitivity of 86 ​% and a specificity of 92 ​%. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with RCC and tumour thrombus in the renal vein or IVC, the 3D texture analysis based on ADC-map allows for precise differentiation of a solid from a friable thrombus.

• MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   komplikace   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trombektomie metody   MeSH
• trombóza * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• vena cava inferior diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) result from maladaptive remodeling of the vascular wall and reduces structural integrity. Angiotensin II (AngII) infusion has become a standard laboratory model for studying AAA initiation and progression. We determined the different vasoactive responses of various mouse arteries to Ang II. Ex vivo isometric tension analysis was conducted on 18-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (n = 4) brachiocephalic arteries (BC), iliac arteries (IL), and abdominal (AA) and thoracic aorta (TA). Arterial rings were mounted between organ hooks, gently stretched and an AngII dose response was performed. Rings were placed in 4% paraformaldehyde for immunohistochemistry analysis to quantify peptide expression of angiotensin type 1 (AT1R) and 2 receptors (AT2R) in the endothelium, media, and adventitia. Results from this study demonstrated vasoconstriction responses in IL were significantly higher at all AngII doses when compared to BC, and TA and AA responses (maximum constriction-IL: 68.64 ± 5.47% vs. BC: 1.96 ± 1.00%; TA: 3.13 ± 0.16% and AA: 2.75 ± 1.77%, p < 0.0001). Expression of AT1R was highest in the endothelium of IL (p < 0.05) and in the media and (p < 0.05) adventitia (p < 0.05) of AA. In contrast, AT2R expression was highest in endothelium (p < 0.05), media (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) and adventitia of TA. These results suggest that mouse arteries display different vasoactive responses to AngII, and the exaggerated response in IL arteries may play a role during AAA development.

• MeSH
• aneurysma břišní aorty * chemicky indukované   MeSH
• angiotensin I MeSH
• angiotensin II farmakologie   MeSH
• aortální aneurysma * MeSH
• arteria iliaca MeSH
• arterie MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• peptidové hormony * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. To date, the role of the combined application of long non-coding RNAs (PCA3, DLX1, HOXC6, TMPRSS2:ERG) for obtaining the most accurate method of detection of PCa has not yet been comprehensively investigated. METHODS: In total 240 persons were included in the retrospective study. Among them were 150 patients with confirmed PCa, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 30 patients with active chronic prostatitis and 30 healthy volunteers. In all patients, the urine samples were collected prior to biopsy or treatment. Polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription was performed to detect the expression level of PCA3, HOXC6, DLX1 and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG transcript. RESULTS: PCA3 was detected in urine samples in all cases. Using a PCA3 score of 56 allowed the differentiation between PCa and all other cases with a sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 96% (p < 0.001) while a PCA3 score threshold value of 50 resulted in a differentiation between clinically significant PCa (ISUP grades 2-5) and all other cases with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 93% (p < 0.001). The TMPRSS2:ERG expression in urine was detected exclusively in the group of patients with PCa and only in 16% of all cases. CONCLUSIONS: PCA3 score detected in urine demonstrated moderate sensitivity and good specificity in differentiation between PCa and non-PCa and high sensitivity and specificity in differentiation between clinically significant PCa and non-PCa.

• MeSH
• antigeny nádorové * genetika   MeSH
• fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika   moč   MeSH
• homeodoménové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery moč   MeSH
• nádory prostaty * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• prostata patologie   MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• serinové endopeptidasy genetika   MeSH
• transkripční regulátor ERG MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Objective: To discuss the impact of depression on work and how depression-related sick leave duration could be a potential indicator and outcome for measuring functionality in depression.Methods: Our review was based on a literature search and expert opinion that emerged during a virtual meeting of European psychiatrists that was convened to discuss this topic.Results: Current evidence demonstrates that depression-related sick leave duration is influenced by multiple disease-, patient- and work-related factors, together with societal attitudes towards depression and socioeconomic conditions. A wide variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and work-based interventions are effective in reducing depression-related sick leave duration and/or facilitating return to work. Recent real-world evidence showed that patients treated with antidepressant monotherapy appear to recover their working life faster than those receiving combination therapy. Although depression-related sick leave duration was found to correlate with severity of depressive symptoms, it cannot be used alone as a viable marker for disease severity.Conclusions: Given its multifactorial nature, depression-related sick leave duration is not on its own a viable outcome measure of depression severity but could be used as a secondary outcome alongside more formal severity measures and may also represent a useful measure of functionality in depression. Key pointsDepression in the working population and depression-related sick leave have a profound economic impact on societyDepression-related sick leave duration is influenced by multiple disease-, patient- and work-related factors, together with societal attitudes towards depression and socioeconomic conditionsA wide variety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and work-based interventions have been shown to be effective in reducing depression-related sick leave duration and/or facilitating return to workIn terms of pharmacological intervention, recent real-world evidence has shown that patients treated with antidepressant monotherapy are able to recover their working life faster than those treated with combination therapyAlthough depression-related sick leave duration has been shown to correlate with severity of depressive symptoms, it is not a viable outcome measure of depression severity on its own, but could be used as secondary outcome alongside more formal clinician- and patient-rated severity measuresDepression-related sick leave duration may, however, represent a viable outcome for measuring functionality in depression.

• MeSH
• absentérství * MeSH
• antidepresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• deprese terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pracovní neschopnost * MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Negatívne príznaky pri schizofrénii predstavujú deficit vo viacerých symptómových doménach, no zároveň sú neodmysliteľnou súčasťou pacientovho subjektívneho prežívania. Primárne negatívne príznaky predstavujú základnú súčasť procesu schizofrénie a zároveň symbolizujú tzv. nesplnenú potrebu v liečbe tejto poruchy. V každom prípade by mali byť spoľahlivo vyhodnocované a merateľné. Väčšina škál zameraných na negatívne príznaky je postavená na "objektívnom" hodnotení posudzovateľa. Na druhej strane, sebahodnotiaci proces u pacientov so schizofréniou je dlhodobo podceňovaný. Sebahodnotiacia škála negatívnych symptómov (SNS) je krátka 20-položková škála zložená zo stručných, jednoduchých a zrozumiteľných tvrdení. Tri možnosti odpovede na tieto tvrdenia umožňujú realizovať sebahodnotiaci proces v priebehu 5 minút. V škále je posudzovaných 5 základných negatívnych dimenzií (asocialita, afektívne otupenie, anhedónia, avolícia a alógia), v rámci nich môže pacient zaznamenať akýkoľvek deficit v motivačnom systéme a v schopnosti tešiť sa, či stratu emočného prežívania nezávisle od depresívnej nálady. Súčasťou článku sú aj tri kazuistiky ilustrujúce užitočnosť hodnotenia pomocou SNS dotazníka sprevádzané jedinečným grafickým zobrazením výsledkov.

However, negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent deficits in different domains of symptoms; they are inherently present in patients' subjective experiences with schizophrenia. Primary negative symptoms have reflected an integral part of the schizophrenia disorder process and symbolize an unmet need for treatment. Anyhow, they can be reliably evaluated and measured. Most of the scales on negative symptoms in schizophrenia are constructed on an "objective" observer rating. In contrast, the self-assessment process in patients with schizophrenia has been ignored on a long-term basis. The Self-report of Negative Symptoms (SNS) is a short 20-item scale encompassed of short, simple, and easy to understand sentences. Its three answer choices permit self-evaluation in under five minutes. The five basic negative dimensions (asociality, affective blunting, anhedonia, avolition, alogia) are self-evaluated, and patients can report any deficits in motivation and pleasure and their loss of emotion independently of depressed mood. A part of this article, three case reports, illustrates the usefulness of the SNS questionnaire accompanied by unique graphic presentations of results.

• MeSH
• antipsychotika aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• piperaziny aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• příznaky a symptomy MeSH
• schizofrenie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• sebeposuzující dotazníky PHQ * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Clinicians and researchers consider that there are a variety of symptoms that constitute negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and they may use different definitions for the same symptoms. These differences are also reflected in a variety of negative symptom rating scales. Both research and clinical work are negatively affected by the lack of consensus regarding the symptoms that constitute negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Leading research groups have investigated ways to reduce heterogeneity in the domain of negative symptoms in schizophrenia; however, little attention has been paid to regional differences in the concepts of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The objective of this review was to collect and summarize information about the assessment and treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Nineteen experts from 17 countries in CEE participated in this project. The participants collected information about their countries, including the following: (1) the most important publications about negative symptoms in schizophrenia (irrespective of the time of their publication); (2) the most frequently used negative symptom of schizophrenia in clinical practice; (3) definitions of frequently used negative symptoms; and (4) treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The participating experts/countries most frequently reported the following five negative symptoms: avolition, blunted affect, alogia, asociality, and anhedonia. Several experts also considered other symptoms as belonging to the negative symptom domain, such as a decrease in energy level and changes in personality. The importance of evaluating the long-term course and the relationship between negative symptoms and other symptom domains was also noted. No noticeable differences were reported in the treatment of negative symptoms compared to currently published guidelines and algorithms. The most frequently reported negative symptoms included those defined by the NIMH-MATRICS consensus statement on negative symptoms and recently endorsed in a guidance paper of the European Psychiatric Association. The main differences in the concepts, names, and definitions of primary negative symptoms, especially those related to personality changes, and to the evaluation of the long-term course and relationship between different symptom domains in CEE compared to the current English language literature deserve the attention of psychiatrists and other professionals in this field.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) exhibits roles in natriuresis and diuresis, making it an ideal drug that may aid in diuresing a fluid-overloaded patient with poor or worsening renal function. Several randomized clinical trials have tested the hypothesis that infusions of pharmacological doses of BNP to acute heart failure (HF) patients may enhance decongestion and preserve renal function in this clinical setting. Unfortunately, none of these have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. The current challenge for BNP research in acute HF lies in addressing a failure of concept and a reluctance to abandon an ineffective research model. Future success will necessitate a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of BNP, as well as better integration of basic and clinical science.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• natriuretický peptid typu B farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• srdeční selhání farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Cieľ: Alzheimerova demencia (AD) patrí medzi najviac invalidizujúce ochorenia prevažne staršej populácie. Dáta nasvedčujú, že pridružené komorbidity komplikujú diagnostiku aj liečbu a urýchľujú progresiu AD. Epidemiologické dáta zo strednej Európy chýbajú, preto cieľom projektu COSMOS bolo odhaliť prevalenciu psychiatrických a somatických komorbidít pacientov s AD v slovenskej populácii. Metódy: V tejto multicentrickej prierezovej observačnej štúdii boli údaje o pacientoch s AD z celého Slovenska získané z 89 pracovísk pomocou on-line dotazníka, ktorý obsahoval demografické a klinické údaje, informácie o všetkých komorbiditách a ich vplyve na adherenciu a účinnosť terapie. Výsledky: Zo všetkých 494 pacientov malo 94,53 % aspoň jednu somatickú komorbiditu, 80,16 % malo aspoň jednu psychiatrickú komorbiditu. So závažnosťou AD korelovali počet somatických (rs = 0,120; p = 0,008) aj psychiatrických (rs = 0,267; p < 0,001) komorbidít. Počet psychiatrických komorbidít (b = –0,021; p = 0,025) a závažnosť AD (b = –0,071; p < 0,001) predikovali horší efekt terapie. Adherentní pacienti mali väčšiu pravdepodobnosť účinnej terapie demencie (OR 5,270; 95% CI 3,061–9,073; p < 0,001). Záver: Komorbidity pri AD dokázane akcelerujú progresiu základného ochorenia a komplikujú diagnostiku a terapiu. Sú to ale najviac ovplyvniteľné faktory kognitívnej deteriorácie, preto ich aktívne vyhľadávanie, včasná diagnostika a adekvátna terapia môžu zlepšiť adherenciu pacientov a tak zefektívniť manažment AD.

Aim: Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) is one of the most disabling conditions predominantly affecting an elderly population. Data suggest that comorbidities complicate both diagnosis and treatment and accelerate AD progression. Epidemiological data from the Central Europe are missing, therefore, the aim of the COSMOS project was to reveal the prevalence of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities among AD patients in the Slovak population. Methods: In this multicenter, cross--sectional, observational study, data of AD patients from all Slovak regions (89 sites) were obtained using an online questionnaire. It contained demographic and clinical data, information about all comorbidities, and their impact on adherence and tratment efficacy. Results: Out of all 494 patients, 94.53% had at least one somatic comorbidity, 80.16% had at least one psychiatric comorbidity. The number of both somatic (rs = 0.120; P = 0.008) and psychiatric (rs = 0.267; P < 0.001) comorbidities correlated with the severity of AD. The number of psychiatric comorbidities (b = –0.021; P = 0.025) and the severity of AD (b = –0.071; P < 0.001) predicted a worse therapy effect. Adherent patients were more likely to have effective therapy of dementia (OR 5.270; 95% CI 3.061–9.073; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Comorbidities in AD have been shown to accelerate progression of underlying disease and complicate diagnosis and therapy. However, they represent the most modifiable factors of cognitive deterioration. Their active screening, early diagnosis and adequate therapy can improve patient’s adherence and, thus, make AD management more effective.

• MeSH
• adherence a compliance při léčbě MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * komplikace   MeSH
• komorbidita * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Adipose tissue is now described as an endocrine organ secreting a number of adipokines contributing to the development of inflammation and metabolic imbalance, but also endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, and ischemic stroke. Leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are the most studied adipokines which play important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. Leptin and adiponectin mediate both proatherogenic and antiatherogenic responses. Leptin and adiponectin have been linked to the development of coronary heart disease and may be involved in the underlying biological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Resistin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. The changes in serum levels of novel adipokines apelin, visfatin are also associated with acute ischemic stroke. These adipokines have been proposed as potential prognostic biomarkers of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity and therapeutic targets in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. In this article, we summarize the biologic role of the adipokines and discuss the link between dysfunctional adipose tissue and metabolic/inflammation imbalance, consequently endothelial damage, progression of atherosclerotic disease, and the occurrence of ischemic stroke.

• MeSH
• adipokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• ateroskleróza metabolismus   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda metabolismus   MeSH
• ischemie metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci cév metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH