The composition of garlic (Allium sativum L.) may vary among cultivars and, moreover, change over time, thereby affecting both biological activity and flavour. Thus, it is important to identify the trends in the content of bioactive compounds in garlic, by reliable analytical methods. This study was focused on the key sulfur-containing compounds, S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides (alliin, isoalliin, methiin, propiin), which were quantified by a fast liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Several garlic cultivars were monitored repeatedly within seven months: one month before harvest maturity; at harvest maturity; and after two and six months of storage. The results showed not only a high variability among individual cultivars, but also among samples of the same cultivar grown at different localities. During storage, a significant increase in isoalliin content (up to 54-fold after six months) occurred. Nevertheless, none of the cultivars showed significantly different properties compared to others, suggesting that many other factors affect garlic composition.
- MeSH
- Garlic * MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Cysteine MeSH
- Sulfoxides MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
For the authentication and adulteration control the lipidomic approach was used. The samples of cow and/or soyabean milk and their mixtures were analyzed by supercritical fluidic chromatography coupled with highresolution mass spectrometry. The obtained data were processed by statistical analysis. The results showed that the above approach and methods can be used for the determination of authenticity and adulteration control of cow and soyabean milk. The amount of foreign milk to the cow or soyabean milk can be also determined from the characteristic triacylglycerol content. This procedure, which is described above, is able to is able to detect 1 % of cow milk in soyabean milk and vice versa.
- MeSH
- Food Analysis * MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry * methods utilization MeSH
- Food Inspection MeSH
- Milk * MeSH
- Multivariate Analysis MeSH
- Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid * methods utilization MeSH
- Triglycerides analysis MeSH
- Investigative Techniques MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
This study focused on the detection and quantification of organic micelle-type nanoparticles (NPs) with polysorbate components (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80) in their micelle shells that could be used to load biologically active compounds into fruit juice. Several advanced analytical techniques were applied in the stepwise method development strategy used. In the first phase, a system consisting of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography employing a size exclusion column coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC-SEC-ELSD) was used for the fractionation of micelle assemblies from other, lower molecular weight sample components. The limit of detection (LoD) of these polysorbate micelles in spiked apple juice was 500 μg mL(-1). After this screening step, mass spectrometric (MS) detection was utilized to confirm the presence of polysorbates in the detected micelles. Two alternative MS techniques were tested: (i) ambient high-resolution mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time ion source coupled with an Orbitrap MS analyzer (DART-Orbitrap MS) enabled fast and simple detection of the polysorbates present in the samples, with a lowest calibration level (LCL) of 1000 μg mL(-1); (ii) ultrahigh-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRTOF-MS) provided highly selective and sensitive detection and quantification of polysorbates with an LCL of 0.5 μg mL(-1).
- MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry instrumentation methods MeSH
- Malus chemistry MeSH
- Micelles MeSH
- Nanoparticles analysis MeSH
- Beverages analysis MeSH
- Fruit chemistry MeSH
- Polysorbates analysis MeSH
- Food Additives analysis MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid instrumentation methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Evaluation Study MeSH
The dynamics of pesticide residues in strawberries that involved quantification of pesticide residues in ripe fruits after model treatment was evaluated in repeated field trials conducted over 3 years. Sixteen commercial pesticide formulations in various combinations were employed in applications from 7 to 44 days before harvest. Altogether 21 active ingredients and some of their metabolites were determined in treated strawberries using LC-MS and GC-MS methods. Except for propargite, the concentrations of all active ingredients declined below the respective MRLs (Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005); nevertheless, most of the tested fungicides often persisted above the 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ limit required by baby food producers to avoid the risk of exceeding the 'baby food limit' established in Commission Directive 2006/141/EC. On the other hand, residues of the majority of tested insecticides, namely spinosad, pymetrozine, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and azadirachtin, declined below this limit.
- MeSH
- Biotransformation MeSH
- Chemical Phenomena MeSH
- Cyclohexanes adverse effects analysis chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Guideline Adherence MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- European Union MeSH
- Fungicides, Industrial adverse effects analysis chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Insecticides adverse effects analysis chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Fragaria chemistry growth & development metabolism MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Food Contamination legislation & jurisprudence prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Fruit chemistry growth & development metabolism standards MeSH
- Infant Food analysis standards MeSH
- Pyridazines adverse effects analysis chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Pesticide Residues adverse effects analysis chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Consumer Product Safety * legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Public Policy MeSH
- Legislation, Food MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
A sensitive and accurate method utilizing ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (U-HPLC) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry based on orbitrap technology (orbitrapMS) for the analysis of nine 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) diesters in vegetable oils was developed. To remove the interfering triacylglycerols that induce strong matrix effects, a clean-up step on silica gel column was used. The quantitative analysis was performed with the use of deuterium-labeled internal standards. The lowest calibration levels estimated for the respective analytes ranged from 2 to 5 μg kg(-1). Good recovery values (89-120%) and repeatability (RSD 5-9%) was obtained at spiking levels of 2 and 10 mg kg(-1). As an alternative, a novel ambient desorption ionization technique, direct analysis in real time (DART), hyphenated with orbitrapMS, was employed for no separation, high-throughput, semi-quantitative screening of 3-MCPD diesters in samples obtained by chromatographic fractionation. Additionally, the levels of 3-MCPD diesters measured in reallife vegetable oil samples (palm oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil) using both methods are reported. Relatively good agreement of the data generated by U-HPLC-orbitrapMS and DART-orbitrapMS were observed. With regard to a low ionization yield achieved for 3-MCPD monoesters, the methods presented in this paper were not yet applicable for the analysis of these contaminants at the naturally occurring levels.
A combination of direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) and chemometrics was used for animal fat (lard and beef tallow) authentication. This novel instrumentation was employed for rapid profiling of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and polar compounds present in fat samples and their mixtures. Additionally, fat isolated from pork, beef, and pork/beef admixtures was analyzed. Mass spectral records were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA). DART-TOFMS profiles of TAGs were found to be more suitable for the purpose of discrimination among the examined fat types as compared to profiles of polar compounds. The LDA model developed using TAG data enabled not only reliable classification of samples representing neat fats but also detection of admixed lard and tallow at adulteration levels of 5 and 10% (w/w), respectively. The presented approach was also successfully applied to minced meat prepared from pork and beef with comparable fat content. Using the DART-TOFMS TAG profiles of fat isolated from meat mixtures, detection of 10% pork added to beef and vice versa was possible.
- MeSH
- Discriminant Analysis MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry instrumentation methods MeSH
- Meat analysis MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Quality Control MeSH
- Cattle MeSH
- Triglycerides analysis MeSH
- Fats chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Cattle MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Evaluation Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
