- Publikační typ
- tisková chyba MeSH
BACKGROUND: E. coli O83 (Colinfant Newborn) is a Gram-negative (G-) probiotic bacterium used in the clinic. When administered orally, it reduces allergic sensitisation but not allergic asthma. Intranasal administration offers a non-invasive and convenient delivery method. This route bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and provides direct access to the airways, which are the target of asthma prevention. G- bacteria such as E. coli O83 release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to communicate with the environment. Here we investigate whether intranasally administered E. coli O83 OMVs (EcO83-OMVs) can reduce allergic airway inflammation in mice. METHODS: EcO83-OMVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterised their number, morphology (shape and size), composition (proteins and lipopolysaccharide; LPS), recognition by innate receptors (using transfected HEK293 cells) and immunomodulatory potential (in naïve splenocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; BMDCs). Their allergy-preventive effect was investigated in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS: EcO83-OMVs are spherical nanoparticles with a size of about 110 nm. They contain LPS and protein cargo. We identified a total of 1120 proteins, 136 of which were enriched in OMVs compared to parent bacteria. Proteins from the flagellum dominated. OMVs activated the pattern recognition receptors TLR2/4/5 as well as NOD1 and NOD2. EcO83-OMVs induced the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes and BMDCs. Intranasal administration of EcO83-OMVs inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness, and decreased airway eosinophilia, Th2 cytokine production and mucus secretion. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate for the first time that intranasally administered OMVs from probiotic G- bacteria have an anti-allergic effect. Our study highlights the advantages of OMVs as a safe platform for the prophylactic treatment of allergy. Video Abstract.
- MeSH
- alergie * prevence a kontrola metabolismus MeSH
- bronchiální astma * metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- extracelulární vezikuly * metabolismus MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy MeSH
- myši MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie MeSH
- zánět metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Od začátku 21. století se v mikrobiologii a souvisejících biomedicínských a ekologických oborech jako klíčový etabluje nový dílčí obor – mikrobiomová věda. Ta za použití vysoce pokročilých molekulárně genetických a bioinformatických metod zkoumá komplexní mikrobiální komunity. Tato určitým prostředím formovaná společenstva, označovaná jako mikrobiální konsorcia či mikrobiomy, mají svébytné zákonitosti, lišící se od těch platných pro izolované mikroby a umožňující funkčně významnou specializaci. Syntéza metodicky i oborově multidisciplinárních dat mikrobiomové vědě umožňuje výjimečně efektivně směřovat k holistickému obrazu mikrobiomové tematiky, na druhé straně však obor zatěžuje terminologickou nejednoznačností klíčových pojmů, jež je tak zapotřebí jasně kodifikovat v souladu s mezinárodními trendy v používání odborného názvosloví. Za tímto účelem předkládáme v našem článku oficiální stanovisko České mikrobiomové společnosti ČLS JEP o používání vhodných českých pojmů v odborné i popularizační komunikaci.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, a new discipline, microbiome science, has emerged as a key part of microbiology and related biomedical and ecological sciences. Microbiome science uses highly advanced molecular genetic and bioinformatic methods to study complex microbial communities. Unlike isolated microbes, microbial communities shaped by the environment, referred to as microbial consortia or microbiomes, follow their own laws that allow for significant functional specialization. The synthesis of multimethodology and multidisciplinary data enables microbiome science to move towards a holistic picture of the microbiome in an exceptionally effective way, but on the other hand, it burdens the field with terminological ambiguity of the key terms, which consequently need to be clearly codified in accordance with the international trends in the use of technical nomenclature. To this end, we present in our article the official position of the Czech Microbiome Society of the J. E. Purkyně Czech Medical Society on the use of appropriate Czech terms in both professional and general communication.
- MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * genetika MeSH
- organoidy MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Rituximab (RTX) and ocrelizumab (OCR), B cell-depleting therapy targeting CD20 molecules, affect the humoral immune response after vaccination. How these therapies influence T-cell-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after immunization remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS: Patients with MS (83), NMOSD (19), or MG (7) undergoing RTX (n=47) or OCR (n=62) treatment were vaccinated twice with the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Antibodies were quantified using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence immunoassay, targeting the spike protein. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were quantified by interferon γ release assays (IGRA). The responses were evaluated at two different time points (4-8 weeks and 16-20 weeks following the 2nd dose of the vaccine). Immunocompetent vaccinated individuals (n=41) were included as controls. RESULTS: Almost all immunocompetent controls developed antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein, but only 34.09% of the patients, without a COVID-19 history and undergoing anti-CD20 treatment (via RTX or OCR), seroconverted. This antibody response was higher in patients with intervals of longer than 3 weeks between vaccinations. The duration of therapy was significantly shorter in seroconverted patients (median 24 months), than in the non-seroconverted group. There was no correlation between circulating B cells and the levels of antibodies. Even patients with a low proportion of circulating CD19+ B cells (<1%, 71 patients) had detectable SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses. SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response measured by released interferon γ was detected in 94.39% of the patients, independently of a humoral immune response. CONCLUSION: The majority of MS, MG, and NMOSD patients developed a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. The data suggest that vaccination can induce SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in a portion of anti-CD20 treated patients. The seroconversion rate was higher in OCR-treated patients compared to those on RTX. The response represented by levels of antibodies was better in individuals, with intervals of longer than 3 weeks between vaccinations.
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci nervového systému * MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myasthenia gravis * MeSH
- protilátky virové MeSH
- rituximab terapeutické užití MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- vakcína BNT162 MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a loss of human life in millions and devastating socio-economic consequences worldwide. So far, vaccination is the most effective long-term strategy to control and prevent severe COVID-19 disease. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the humoral immune responses raised against the BNT162b2 vaccine in hospital healthcare workers. METHODS: Total number of 173 healthcare workers enrolled in the study. Their blood samples were collected in three different time intervals after the second SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and evaluated by the ELISA method to detect anti-spike protein IgM and IgG antibodies. The baseline characteristics of all participants were collected using questionnaires and were evaluated for finding any significant data. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the levels of antibodies were higher in the young group (21-30 years old) and also among male participants. Moreover, the highest levels of antibodies were detected from the group that received the third shot vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that age, gender and third-dose vaccination can affect the levels of humoral immune responses against the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthcare workers.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Live biotherapeutic products constitute an emerging therapeutic approach to prevent or treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a constituent of the human microbiota with probiotic potential, that is illustrated by improvement of intestinal inflammation and antimicrobial activity against several pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of the L. acidophilus strain BIO5768 at steady state and upon acute inflammation. Supplementation of naïve mice with BIO5768 heightened the transcript level of some IL-17 target genes encoding for protein with microbicidal activity independently of NOD2 signaling. Of these, the BIO5768-induced expression of Angiogenin-4 was blunted in monocolonized mice that are deficient for the receptor of IL-17 (but not for NOD2). Interestingly, priming of bone marrow derived dendritic cells by BIO5768 enhanced their ability to support the secretion of IL-17 by CD4+ T cells. Equally of importance, the production of IL-22 by type 3 innate lymphoid cells is concomitantly heightened in response to BIO5768. When administered alone or in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis BIO5764 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, BIO5768 was able to alleviate at least partially intestinal inflammation induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection. Furthermore, BIO5768 was also able to improve colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). In conclusion, we identify a new potential probiotic strain for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases, and provide some insights into its IL-17-dependent and independent mode of action.
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium animalis MeSH
- enterobakteriální infekce terapie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * terapie MeSH
- interleukin-17 MeSH
- kolitida * chemicky indukované terapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- kyselina trinitrobenzensulfonová škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Lactobacillus acidophilus * MeSH
- lymfocyty MeSH
- myši MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Toxocara canis, a gastrointestinal parasite of canids, is also highly prevalent in many paratenic hosts, such as mice and humans. As with many other helminths, the infection is associated with immunomodulatory effects, which could affect other inflammatory conditions including autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of T. canis infection on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mice infected with 2 doses of 100 T. canis L3 larvae 5 weeks prior to EAE induction (the Tc+EAE group) showed higher EAE clinical scores and greater weight loss compared to the non-infected group with induced EAE (the EAE group). Elevated concentrations of all measured serum cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were observed in the Tc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. In the CNS, the similar number of regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+FoxP3+Helios+) but their decreased proportion from total CD4+ cells was found in the Tc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. This could indicate that the group Tc+EAE harboured significantly more CD4+ T cells of non-Treg phenotype within the affected CNS. Altogether, our results demonstrate that infection of mice with T. canis worsens the course of subsequently induced EAE. Further studies are, therefore, urgently needed to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms and to investigate possible risks for the human population, in which exposure to T. canis is frequent.
- MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty patologie MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- encefalomyelitida autoimunitní experimentální * patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * patologie MeSH
- Toxocara canis * MeSH
- toxokaróza * komplikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Early postnatal events are important for the development of the neonatal immune system. Harboring the pioneering microorganisms forming the microbiota of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract is important for priming the immune system, as well as inducing appropriate tolerance to the relatively innocuous environmental antigens and compounds of normal healthy microbiota. Early postnatal supplementation of suitable, safe probiotics could accelerate this process. In the current study, the immunomodulatory capacity of the probiotic strain of Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83) was characterized in vitro and in vivo. We compared the capacity of EcO83 with and without hemolytic activity on selected immune characteristics in vitro as determined by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Both strains with and without hemolytic activity exerted comparable capacity on the maturation of dendritic cells while preserving the induction of interleukin 10 (Il10) expression in dendritic cells and T cells cocultured with EcO83 primed dendritic cells. Early postnatal supplementation with EcO83 led to massive but transient colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract, as detected by in vivo bioimaging. Early postnatal EcO83 administration promoted gut barrier function by increasing the expression of claudin and occludin and the expression of Il10. Early postnatal EcO83 application promotes maturation of the neonatal immune system and promotes immunoregulatory and gut barrier functions.
- MeSH
- dendritické buňky MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- interleukin-10 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
