This systematic review examines the potential of digital language learning in contributing to students' cognitive gains. The study reviews existing research on the relationship between digital language learning and cognitive benefits, with a focus on enhanced problem-solving skills, memory, and multitasking ability. The research questions explored in this study are (1) does digital language learning contribute to cognitive gains in foreign language education? and (2) what are the pedagogical implications for cognitive improvement in digital foreign language education? The study employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to identify and analyze relevant research articles. The results of the review suggest that working with printed texts may be more effective for cognitive gains compared to electronic texts. Additionally, implementing more senses through digital language education appears to be beneficial for cognitive gains. Thus, several pedagogical implications emerge for promoting cognitive improvement in digital foreign language education. Firstly, it is crucial to implement techniques and strategies that best align with students' language needs in a digital learning environment, whether it involves pen-and-paper activities or a flipped classroom approach. Secondly, exposing students to a variety of techniques that engage multiple senses can have a positive impact on cognitive gains. Finally, providing students with feedback is essential to maintain their motivation and foster continued progress in their foreign language studies.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: The QuantiFERON®-Monitor (QFM) is an assay that measures interferon-γ production and was developed to provide an objective marker of complex immune response. In this study, we evaluated the use of the QFM test in patients with two forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), relapsing-remitting form treated with fingolimod (fMS) and secondarily progressive form not treated pharmacologically (pMS), and in healthy controls (HC). We hypothesized that IFN-γ levels would be lower in those subjects who are relatively more immunosuppressed and higher in those with normal or activated immune function. METHODS: This single-center observational study was conducted from November 2020 to October 2021 and compared results in three groups of patients: 86 healthy controls, 96 patients with pMS, and 78 fMS. Combination of lyophilized stimulants was added to 1 ml heparinized whole blood within 8 hr of collection. Plasmatic IFN-γ was measured using the ELISA kit for the QFM and data were obtained in IU/ml. RESULTS: The results showed that controls had nearly 2-fold higher levels of IFN-γ (QFM score) in median (q25, q75) 228.00 (112.20, 358.67) than the MS patient groups: pMS 144.80 (31.23, 302.00); fMS 130.50 (39.95, 217.07) which is statistically significant difference P-value: HC vs. pMS = 0.0071; HC vs. fMS = 0.0468. This result was also confirmed by a validation analysis to exclude impact of variable factors, such as disease duration and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that controls had higher levels of IFN-γ production than the MS patient groups and suggest that MS patients included in this study have a lower ability of immune system activation than HC. Results confirm that fingolimod is able to suppress production of IFN-γ. The fact that the QFM score of MS patients is significantly lower than that of HC may indicate a dysfunctional state of the immune system in baseline conditions.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe current research trends in medical tourism and implications for public health, especially in destination countries. METHODS: The methods used for this article include a literature review of available sources on the research topic in the world's acknowledged databases Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. RESULTS: The findings indicate that there is no consensus on the definition of medical tourism. However, there are a few conceptual models which can be used in further medical tourism research and practice. The findings also reveal that there are still certain issues, which hinder the fast growth of medical tourism, such as unclear impact on healthcare systems, ethical concerns or a lack of effective tools for the measurement of quality assurance of the medical tourism services and their products. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for data collection on medical tourism, both at national and worldwide level to provide a realistic picture of this evolving field of tourism as well as implications for public health in destination countries.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
- výzkum trendy MeSH
- zdravotní turistika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose of this review is to discuss rare neurological disorders with respect to communication difficulties typical of children. Firstly, communication disorders with special focus on rare communication neurological disorders are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of literature review, the authors explore clinical studies on the most typical rare children's communication neurological disorders. Thirdly, on the basis of the findings from the clinical studies, they set a few recommendations for their medical therapies and management. The methodology was based on the literature review of research studies exploring the research issue. The findings show that the intervention strategies appear to have positive effects on the improvement of speech and language production among children suffering from Landau– Kleffner syndrome and childhood apraxia of speech. Nevertheless, randomized control trials are needed in order to accelerate and facilitate an early and relevant diagnosis and treatment management. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach seems to be the most appropriate for the accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.
- MeSH
- afázie farmakoterapie klasifikace rehabilitace MeSH
- antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- diskriminační učení MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- komunikační poruchy diagnóza farmakoterapie rehabilitace MeSH
- Landau-Kleffnerův syndrom * diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- levetiracetam aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neurovývojové poruchy MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The purpose of this study is to evaluate current legislative policies and regulations with respect to the use of orphan drugs, to emphasize strengths and weaknesses of these policies in the period of 2010–2016 in European countries, especially in relation to the objectives set by the European Council in 2009. This was done by the method of literature search in the databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science from 2010 to 2016. The findings show a lack of polices for the appraisal and reimbursement of orphan drugs, a lack of uniform European legislation and different orphan drugs expenditure.
- MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- výroba orphan drugs * zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- vzácné nemoci farmakoterapie MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Článek se zabývá extrapyramidovými onemocněními, jejich klasifikací, symptomy a popisem vybraných extrapyramidových nemocí. Tyto nemoci lze definovat jako řadu poruch způsobených zejména abnormalitami bazálních ganglií a jejich propojením. Extrapyramidové symptomy lze dělit na hypokinetické, které omezují volní hybnost, a na hyperkinetické (dyskinetické), jež se vyznačují abnormálními mimovolními pohyby. Hypokinetické symptomy se projevují akinezí (poruchou iniciace volních pohybů) a bradykinezí (zpomaleným průběhem pohybů). Vybrané extrapyramidové nemoci/poruchy zahrnují parkinsonský syndrom, choreu, balismus, dystonii, tremor, myoklonus a tiky. Včasná diagnóza, léčba a správný management extrapyramidových symptomů může vést ke zmírnění, či v lepších případech k odstranění některých z výše popsaných příznaků.
The article deals with extrapyramidal diseases, their classification, symptoms and description of the extrapyramidal diseases (ED). ED can be defined as a series of disorders caused mainly by abnormalities of basal ganglia and their interconnection. Extrapyramidal symptoms can be divided into hypokinesis, limiting free movement, and hyperkinetic (dyskinetic), characterized by abnormal involuntary movements. Hypokinetic symptoms are manifested by akinesis (free movement initiation disorder) and bradykinesia (slow motion). Selected extrapyramidal diseases / disorders include Parkinson‘s syndrome, chorea, ballism dystonia, torsion dystonia, myclonus and tics. Early diagnosis, treatment, and proper management of extrapyramidal symptoms can lead to mitigation or, in better cases, to the removal of some of the symptoms.
- MeSH
- chybná diagnóza MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- leiomyom * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- ruka * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie patologie MeSH
- syndrom karpálního tunelu diagnóza MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
V současnosti trpí duševními poruchami přibližně 450 milionů lidí po celém světě. Deprese patří mezi jeden z nejzávažnějších typů chronického onemocnění, představuje zásadní hrozbu zátěže ekonomických a sociálních systémů vlád po celém světě. Jeden z aktuálních nefarmakologických přístupů, který je využíván i u osob trpících depresemi, je tzv. mHealth, tedy používání mobilních zařízení pro léčebné a podpůrné účely. Jeho účinnost je prokázána zejména v časných stadiích deprese. Cílem tohoto článku je analyzovat nejnovější randomizované kontrolované studie, které ukazují účinnost využití mobilních aplikací v diagnostice nebo léčbě deprese. Cíle je dosaženo pomocí rešerše studií zaměřených na dopady jednotlivých aplikací pro lidi s depresí a na specifikaci kritérií hodnocení kvality těchto aplikací. Výsledky randomizovaných kontrolovaných studií (RCT) ukazují, že existuje velký potenciál mobilních aplikací v oblasti péče o nemocné trpící depresí, zejména v raných stadiích onemocnění. Existuje naléhavá potřeba četnějších a dlouhodobějších RCT v této oblasti za účelem prokázání nezvratné účinnosti těchto mobilních aplikací v léčbě deprese. Příspěvek poukazuje i na silné a slabé stránky mobilních aplikací v oblasti detekce, diagnostiky a léčby deprese.
At present mental disorders affect approximately 450 million people around the world. Depressive disorder is probably one of the most serious disorders and as a type of chronic disease, it represents a global threat and burdens economic and social systems of both individuals and governments worldwide. One of these most recent non-pharmacological approaches is also the so-called mHealth (mobile health), the use of mobile devices for the practice of medicine and public health, which proves to be effective particularly in the early stages of depression. The purpose of this article is to explore the most recent randomized controlled trial studies which indicate efficacy of the use of mobile applications in the detection, diagnostics or treatment of depression. The methods used in this study include a method of literature search of the studies focused on the impacts of individual applications for people with depression and on the specification of criteria evaluating quality of these applications. The findings of the randomized controlled trials (RCT) show that there is a big potential of mobile applications in the detection, diagnostics, and treatment of depression, particularly in mild and moderate stages of the disease. They seem to be especially relevant for self-monitoring of depressive symptoms in the early stages of depression. There is an urgent need of more longitudinal RCT in this field in order to prove conclusive efficacy of these mobile applications in the treatment of depression. The authors list the main strengths and weaknesses of mobile applications in the detection, diagnostics, and treatment of depression.
Demence představují v současnosti značnou ekonomickou zátěž pro mnohé ekonomiky. Parkinsonova choroba je druhým nejčastějším typem demence. Cílem této studie je analýza nákladů na osoby trpící Parkinsonovou nemocí v kontextu stavu ekonomik. Nejprve jsou specifikovány náklady na léčbu a péči ve vybraných evropských zemích pomocí existujících studií, tyto údaje jsou porovnávány s údaji z jiných zemí a kontinentů. Důraz je kladen nejen na vyspělé ekonomiky, kde otázka nákladů a PD již způsobuje značné výdaje z veřejných rozpočtů, ale i na rozvíjejících se ekonomik. Použitými metodami byly systematická rešerše a komparativní analýza. Výsledky ukazují, že se náklady v evropských zemí pohybují mezi 1949 € a 12 054 € na osobu za rok. Srovnatelné údaje jsou v USA na 17 064 €, v Austrálii na 7020 € a v Asii, kde se pohybují mezi 649 € a 9544 €. Tyto hodnoty se vážou zejména se stupněm demence, kde horní hranice mezí patří hospitalizovaným pacientům. Náklady byly vztaženy k HDP dané země. Tento relativní ukazatel lépe specifikuje ekonomickou zátěž v mezinárodním a mezikontinentálním srovnání. Výsledky ukazují, že největší relativní zátěž existuje v evropských zemích, ve kterých se navíc v budoucnu očekává další nárůst nemocných.
At present different kinds of dementia impose a significant economic burden on the whole societies. Parkinson's disease is the second most common type of dementia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the costs of people suffering from Parkinson's disease in the context of public expenditure needs for the affected people. Firstly, the treatment costs and care in the selected European countries are analyzed, and secondly, these data are compared with the data from other countries and continents. The focus is not only on the developed economies where the issue of costs and PD already causes significant expenditure from public budgets, but also on the developing economies. The methods applied in this study include a method of literature search of available sources describing the costs of PD and a qualitative comparative analysis method. The findings show that the data from the European countries range between 1,949 € and 12,054 €. Comparable data are in the USA at 17,064 €, in Australia at 7,020 € and in Asia they range between 649 € and 9,544 €. These values are certainly connected not only with the available data, but also with the level and possibilities of healthcare services in these countries. In addition, GDP for these continents and countries was specified and the cost ratio of patient with respect to GHD per capita was described. This calculation provides an orientation relative indicator about the economic burden with respect to the country's development. The results indicate that the most significant issues are diseases and treatment in the European countries in which their highest incidence is expected in future.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náklady na zdravotní péči MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * terapie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- služby domácí péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
