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Autor: Krámská, Lenka

57 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Kniha

Lenka Krámská: Tajemství duše ukrytá v mozku : rozhovor s neuropsycholožkou [Tajemství duše ukrytá v mozku]

Mratín : Rosier, 2025

Vydání první 239 stran, 16 nečíslovaných stran obrazových příloh : ilustrace, portréty ; 21 cm

Rozhovor s českou neuropsycholožkou o neuropsychologii a zkušenostech z oboru.

Konspekt
Biografie
Psychologie
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
NLK Obory
behaviorální vědy

O autorovi
Krámská, Lenka Autorita

Článek

Detekce nedostatečné snahy a simulace kognitivního oslabení během neuropsychologického vyšetření pomocí metod RBANS a SIMS
[Detection of insufficient effort and simulation of cognitive impairment during neuropsychological examination using RBANS and SIMS methods]

Česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie. 2024 ; 87 (3) : 181-184.

ISSN 1210-7859
Medvik
Zdroj

Jedním z aktuálních témat neuropsychologické diagnostiky je detekce simulace kognitivního oslabení a nedostatečné snahy během vyšetření. Důvodem simulace kognitivního oslabení či nedostatečné snahy může být získání různých výhod, např. finančních, materiálních, nebo pozornosti jiných osob. Při detekci simulace a nedostatečné snahy jsou využívány různé typy metod, např. testy kognitivních schopností či testy určené speciálně pro detekci simulace. Tento článek se zaměřuje na popis dvou konkrétních metod a jejich psychometrických vlastností – Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) a Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). V rámci neuropsychologického testu RBANS lze snahu hodnotit pomocí několika ukazatelů. SIMS je inventářem zaměřujícím se nejen na hodnocení simulace kognitivního oslabení, ale i na hodnocení dalších oblastí psychopatologie.

One of the current issues in neuropsychological diagnostics is the detection of simulation of cognitive impairment and inadequate effort during the examination. The reason for the simulation of cognitive impairment or lack of effort may be to obtain various benefits, such as financial, material or attention from others. Different types of methods are used to detect simulation and lack of effort. These include tests of cognitive abilities and tests specifically designed to detect malingering. This article focuses on describing two specific methods and their psychometric properties – The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). Within the RBANS neuropsychological test, effort can be assessed using several indicators. SIMS is an inventory that focuses not only on the assessment of simulated cognitive impairment, but also on the assessment of other areas of psychopathology.

Článek

A comparison of patients with epileptic seizures (ES) versus those with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) on measures of alexithymia, mood, and anxiety

Seizure. 2024 ; 120 (-) : 33-40. [pub] 20240612

ISSN 1532-2688
Medvik
Zdroj

OBJECTIVE: To compare persons with epilepsy (PWE) to those with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) on measures of depression, anxiety, and alexithymia subscales (i.e., difficulty identifying emotions, difficulty describing emotions, and external-oriented thinking). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 235 epilepsy patients and 90 patients with PNES were evaluated between 2012 and 2020 at the Northeast Regional Epilepsy Group. These patients had completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), The Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D) and The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Background information was collected regarding work/student/disability status at the time of the evaluation history of psychiatric diagnosis; psychological trauma; and involvement in psychotherapy either at the time of the evaluation or prior. RESULTS: Significant differences between PWEs and those with PNES were found not only in historical data (e.g., Psychiatric History, History of Trauma, and History of Therapy) (p < .001) but also on measures of Depression (p = .002) and Anxiety (p < .001). ANOVA analysis also revealed significant differences in the distribution of the TAS-Total score, TAS-Describing emotions, and TAS-Identifying emotions. Using logistic regression (stepwise model) the optimal set of predictors for a differential diagnosis of epilepsy and PNES was combination of TAS-Identifying emotions score, history of psychological trauma, and history of therapy. The accuracy of the prediction was determined to be 80.2 %. CONCLUSIONS: Although higher alexithymia rates are present in PNES and PWEs, clinicians may find a combination of TAS-Identifying Emotion score, history of trauma, and history of psychotherapy useful in supporting a differential diagnosis. Also, a subgroup may exist among those with PNES with high levels of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety that may require a different treatment approach focused on addressing difficulties in identifying and describing their emotions and their other symptomatology.

MeSH
afekt fyziologie MeSH
afektivní symptomy * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
deprese diagnóza etiologie MeSH
dospělí MeSH
epilepsie * psychologie komplikace MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladý dospělý MeSH
psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
retrospektivní studie MeSH
úzkost * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
záchvaty * psychologie diagnóza MeSH
Check Tag
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladý dospělý MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH

Článek

Ultrasound-Navigated Multiple Hippocampal Transections: An Anatomical Study

Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery. 2024 ; 85 (5) : 444-450. [pub] 20240122

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg
ISSN 2193-6323
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Multiple hippocampal transection (MHT) is a surgical technique used for the treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in situations where standard procedures would pose a high risk for memory deterioration. During MHT, the longitudinal fibers of the hippocampus, implicated in epilepsy spreading, are interrupted, while the transverse memory circuits are spared. The extent of MHT is governed by intraoperative electrocorticography; abolition of epileptic discharges serves as an end point to terminate the transection. In other words, the aim of MHT is not the anatomical completeness of hippocampal transection. In contrast, we hypothesize that only the complete transection of hippocampal cross-section is needed to durably terminate epilepsy, avoiding possible postoperative reorganization of longitudinal pathways. Here, we report an anatomical study designed to evaluate the feasibility of complete transection of hippocampus with the aid of ultrasound neuronavigation and we propose new instruments to reach this goal. METHODS: Five cadaveric brains were analyzed in this study. MHT was performed on both sides of each brain either with or without ultrasound neuronavigation. The percentage of transected cross-section of the hippocampus was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and both sides were compared. RESULTS: The ultrasound-guided MHTs were more likely to achieve complete hippocampal transection compared with the nonnavigated MHT transection (73 vs 58%; p < 0.01). Our study also allowed us to propose specialized transectors to minimize invasivity of this procedure. CONCLUSION: Completeness of MHT can be better reached with the aid of an ultrasound neuronavigation system; modified instruments for this procedure were also designed.

MeSH
epilepsie temporálního laloku * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
hipokampus * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
lidé MeSH
magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
mrtvola MeSH
neurochirurgické výkony metody MeSH
neuronavigace * metody MeSH
refrakterní epilepsie chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH

Článek

Anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic-Broader sociodemographic causes, connections and implications

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2023 ; 102 (8) : 1014-1025. [pub] 20230608

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
ISSN 1600-0412
Medvik
Zdroj

INTRODUCTION: Our study (part of multicentric "MindCOVID") investigates risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study used a prospective cross-sectional design. Data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire. Standardized scales, general anxiety disorder (GAD)-7 and patient health questionnaire (PHQ)-9 were administered online. Multivariate regression analysis was employed to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic, medical and psychological variables. RESULTS: The Czech sample included 1830 pregnant women. An increase of depressive and anxiety symptoms measured by PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with unfavorable financial situation, low social and family support, psychological and medical problems before and during pregnancy and infertility treatment. Fear of being infected and adverse effect of COVID-19, feeling of burden related to restrictions during delivery and organization of delivery and feeling of burden related to finances were associated with worse anxiety and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Social and emotional support and lack of financial worries are protective factors against mood disorders in pregnant women in relation to COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, adequate information about organization of delivery and additional support from healthcare professionals during the delivery are needed. Our findings can be used for preventive interventions, given that repeated pandemics in the future are anticipated.