The organization of biological membranes into structurally and functionally distinct lateral microdomains is generally accepted. From bacteria to mammals, laterally compartmentalized membranes seem to be a vital attribute of life. The crucial fraction of our current knowledge about the membrane microdomains has been gained from studies on fungi. In this review we summarize the evidence of the microdomain organization of membranes from fungal cells, with accent on their enormous diversity in composition, temporal dynamics, modes of formation, and recognized engagement in the cell physiology. A special emphasis is laid on the fact that in addition to their other biological functions, membrane microdomains also mediate the communication among different membranes within a eukaryotic cell and coordinate their functions. Involvement of fungal membrane microdomains in stress sensing, regulation of lipid homeostasis, and cell differentiation is discussed more in detail.
Examples from yeast and plant cells are described that show that their plasma membrane is laterally compartmented. Distinct lateral domains encompassing both specific lipids and integral proteins coexist within the plane of the plasma membrane. The compartments are either spatially stable and include distinct sets of proteins, or they are transiently formed to accomplish diverse functions. They are not related to lipid rafts or their clusters, as defined for mammalian cells. This review summarises only well-documented compartments of plasma membranes from plants and fungi, which have been recognised using microscopic approaches. In several cases, physiological functions of the membrane compartmentation are revealed.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána fyziologie MeSH
- fungální proteiny fyziologie MeSH
- houby metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- membránové lipidy fyziologie MeSH
- membránové mikrodomény fyziologie MeSH
- membránové proteiny fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny fyziologie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
In a group of children aged 1 -15 years with allergic diseases the values of the absolute number of eosinophils, total IgE antibodies and percentage ratio of normodense and hypodense eosinophils from the whole number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood were assessed. The children were divided into three groups: group 133 children with atopic eczema and poUinosis who were examined at the time of seasonal complaints, group H - the same children - examined during the period of remission and group III comprising 29 children with chronic manifestations of atopic eczema. For assessment of normodense and hypodense eosinophils the gradient technique was applied. for examination a light as well as an electron microscope was used. The findings under the light microscope correspond to those obtained with the electron microscope and therefore it is possible to assess unequivocally as a matter of routine the ratio of hypodense eosinophils merely from the findings obtained with the light microscope which makes the method more readily available. In 31 Children (94 %) from group I with manifest atopic eczema and poUinosis values of hypodense eosinophils varied between 50 and 100 % of the total number of eosinophils. In children with chronic atopic eczema the mean values of hypodense eosinophils (65.8 %) as compared with groups I and II are significantly higher which is probably due to a greater activity of immunopathological mechanisms of late type infiammations typical for atopic eczema. A more marked extraseasonal decline of values of hypodense eosinophils in children of group II without clinical manifestations of eczema, as compared with values from the same children of group I, is an indicator of reduced activity of the allergic infiammation and eosinophil granular proteins.
- MeSH
- atopická dermatitida MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- eozinofily krev ultrastruktura MeSH
- imunoglobulin E MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- sezónní alergická rýma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
