Bovine genes TLR4 and TLR5, which encode antibacterial toll-like receptors, were screened for polymorphisms in Czech Red Pied (Czech Simmental) cattle to identify variants associated with reproduction, udder health, and milk production traits. Variants were discovered by hybrid resequencing of 164 bulls using HiSeq X-Ten and PacBio technologies and then individually genotyped. Nominal p-values < 0.05 for associations were detected in 18 combinations between 14 polymorphisms and 15 traits using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The TLR4 variants g.610C>T (rs43578094) and g.10310T>G (rs8193072) in reference AC000135.1 were strictly associated with the index of early reproductive disorders and maternal calving ease, respectively, at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. A highly permissive false discovery rate cutoff of 0.6 separated seventeen combinations in both genes comprising eight positives. In the case of the TLR4 variant g.9422T>C (rs8193060), indications were obtained for the association with as many as four reproductive traits: incidence of cystic ovaries, early reproductive disorders, calving ease, and production longevity. The permissive FDR interpretation for the TLR5 data indicated associations with cyst incidence and early reproduction disorders with maternal calving ease. Moreover, three TLR5 polymorphisms correlated with milk production traits. The discrepancy of the observed associations with the predicted impacts of the SNPs on protein function points to the role of haplotypes. Nevertheless, this question should be resolved on a larger scale. The observed associations are endorsed by independent evidence from the published functional roles in other species and by the published QTL mapping data.
- MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- mléko MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- rozmnožování genetika MeSH
- skot genetika MeSH
- toll-like receptor 4 * genetika MeSH
- toll-like receptor 5 * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot genetika MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
První vydání 214 stran : ilustrace ; 21 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na dějiny lékařství a českých lékařů Druhé vídeňské školy. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum dějiny MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- lékaři dějiny MeSH
- lékařství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Rakousko-Uhersko MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biografie
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- dějiny lékařství
The allelic variants of immunity genes in historical breeds likely reflect local infection pressure and therefore represent a reservoir for breeding. Screening to determine the diversity of the Toll-like receptor gene TLR4 was conducted in two conserved cattle breeds: Czech Red and Czech Red Pied. High-throughput sequencing of pooled PCR amplicons using the PacBio platform revealed polymorphisms, which were subsequently confirmed via genotyping techniques. Eight SNPs found in coding and adjacent regions were grouped into 18 haplotypes, representing a significant portion of the known diversity in the global breed panel and presumably exceeding diversity in production populations. Notably, the ancient Czech Red breed appeared to possess greater haplotype diversity than the Czech Red Pied breed, a Simmental variant, although the haplotype frequencies might have been distorted by significant crossbreeding and bottlenecks in the history of Czech Red cattle. The differences in haplotype frequencies validated the phenotypic distinctness of the local breeds. Due to the availability of Czech Red Pied production herds, the effect of intensive breeding on TLR diversity can be evaluated in this model. The advantages of the Pacific Biosciences technology for the resequencing of long PCR fragments with subsequent direct phasing were independently validated.
- MeSH
- chov MeSH
- genotypizační techniky MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- skot genetika MeSH
- toll-like receptor 4 genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot genetika MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Informace o nejstarší světové chirurgické organizaci International College of Surgeons (ICS) a o její české národní sekci včetně proběhlého Jubilejního světového chirurgického kongresu v roce 2015 v České republice. Klíčová slova: International College of Surgeons, chirurgie, světová chirurgická organizace,Jubilejní světový chirurgický kongres 2015
The information concerning the oldest world surgical organisation International College of Surgeons (ICS), its Czech national section and the Jubilee surgical world congress in 2015 in Czech Republic is presented. Keywords: International College of Surgeons, surgery, world surgical organisation, Jubilee world surgical congress 2015
- MeSH
- chirurgie * MeSH
- kardiochirurgické výkony MeSH
- kongresy jako téma * MeSH
- kontinuální vzdělávání lékařů metody organizace a řízení pracovní síly MeSH
- kultura MeSH
- laparoskopie metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- miniinvazivní chirurgické výkony MeSH
- nádory MeSH
- plastická chirurgie MeSH
- publikování MeSH
- reprodukční lékařství MeSH
- rozvojové země ekonomika MeSH
- specializace MeSH
- studenti lékařství MeSH
- transplantace MeSH
- traumatologie MeSH
- věda MeSH
- významné osobnosti MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The exploitation of the genetic factors affecting the health status of farm animals represents an alternative approach to controlling the diseases caused by microbial pathogens. The determination of innate immunity based on the genotype of the germplasm cells is a constraint for specificity but becomes an advantage in breeding schemes. The structural deviations among Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the most frequently studied innate immunity components, have been documented at all levels, i.e., interspecific, inter- and intravarietal, in the main farm species. The current computational methods facilitate the prediction of the functional consequences of the observed mutations. Subsequently, these predictions can be verified through immunological responsiveness and population-wide association studies. The frequency and haplotype grouping of individual polymorphisms are used to track the origin and selection coefficient as independent indicators of functional changes. The Toll-like receptor variants associated with mastitis and mycobacterial infection have been identified in cattle, consequently, the targeting of these proteins in breeding could contribute to disease control. The range of infections affected by TLR polymorphisms suggests that the improvement of innate resistance is feasible in more species. Thus, the traditional breeds and wild populations should be regarded as the resources of genetic variability accessible for these purposes.
- MeSH
- frekvence genu genetika imunologie MeSH
- haplotypy genetika imunologie MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata genetika imunologie MeSH
- mutace genetika imunologie MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický genetika imunologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita genetika imunologie MeSH
- toll-like receptory genetika imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- primární amébová meningoencefalitida,
- MeSH
- amébiáza * diagnóza epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny lékařství MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningoencefalitida etiologie patologie MeSH
- mikrobiologie vody MeSH
- Naegleria fowleri * izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- plavecké bazény MeSH
- protozoární infekce centrálního nervového systému * diagnóza epidemiologie mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
BACKGROUND: Fluorescent tagging of nodule bacteria forming symbioses with legume host plants represents a tool for vital tracking of bacteria inside the symbiotic root nodules and monitoring changes in gene activity. The constitutive expression of heterologous fluorescent proteins, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), also allows screening for nodule occupancy by a particular strain. Imaging of the fluorescence signal on a macro-scale is associated with technical problems due to the robustness of nodule tissues and a high level of autofluorescence. SCOPE: These limitations can be reduced by the use of a model species with a fine root system, such as Vicia tetrasperma. Further increases in the sensitivity and specificity of the detection and in image resolution can be attained by the use of a fluorescence scanner. Compared with the standard CCD-type cameras, the availability of a laser source of a specified excitation wavelength decreases non-specific autofluorescence while the photomultiplier tubes in emission detection significantly increase sensitivity. The large scanning area combined with a high resolution allow us to visualize individual nodules during the scan of whole root systems. Using a fluorescence scanner with excitation wavelength of 488 nm, a band-pass specific emission channel of 532 nm and a long-pass background channel of 555 nm, it was possible to distinguish nodules occupied by a rhizobial strain marked with one copy of cycle3 GFP from nodules colonized by the wild-type strain. CONCLUSIONS: The main limitation of the current plant model and GFP with the wild-type emission peak at 409 nm is a sharp increase in root autofluorescence below 550 nm. The selectivity of the technique can be enhanced by the use of red-shifted fluorophores and the contrasting labelling of the variants, provided that the excitation (482 nm) and emission (737 nm) maxima corresponding to root chlorophyll are respected.
Autoři podávají přehled střednědobých (5 let) výsledků přežití skupiny nemocných po radikální retropubické prostatektomii (RRP) ve vztahu k předoperačním i pooperačním parametrům jednotlivých nemocných. Zatímco 5leté přežití je možno očekávat v 92,4 %, pak relativně vyšší věk (většina > 65 let) s sebou přináší vyšší riziko pooperačních komplikací, které jsou však porovnatelné s mezinárodními standardy. Nebyla zaznamenána perioperační mortalita (0 %), mikční obstrukcí po operaci trpělo 13,4 % pacientů, ale ta byla vždy vyřešena endoskopicky. Kontinence s maximálně jednou vložkou na 24 hodin byla u 77,2 % nemocných, zatímco těžká inkontinence byla v 3,3 % případů. Spontánní erektilní funkce byla zachována jen minimálně 4,3 %, ale kromě vyššího věku v souboru se na tom jistě podílelo i více objektivních faktorů.
The mid-term results (5 yr) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) are outlined and compared with pre- and postoperative parameters of patients. While 5 years survival could be expected in as many as 92.4%, relatively higher age (majority over 65) brings a higher risk of complications with it, though fully comparable with international standards. No perioperative mortality was recorded (0%), obstructive symptoms post-operatively developed in 13.4% patients, who were subsequently managed successfully endoscopically. Continence with maximum one pad per 24 hours was recorded in 77.2%, the severe incontinence was only in 3.3%. Spontaneous erection was reported in 4.3%, but except for higher age, the other objective factors were involved.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inkontinence moči etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- prostatektomie mortalita škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
