Smyslem krátkého sdělení je přehled výsledků a základních parametrů novorozeneckého laboratorního screeningu za 13leté období v České republice. Celková, kumulativní prevalence všech 18 screenovaných nemocí činila 1 : 1081. Nejvyšší prevalenci měla kongenitální hypotyreóza 1 : 2894; fenylketonurie 1 : 4960; cystická fibróza 1 : 6309; deficit biotinidázy 1 : 9253; kongenitální adrenální hyperplazie 1 : 12 190 a deficit acyl-CoA dehydrogenázy mastných kyselin se středně dlouhým řetězcem 1 : 22 833. Ostatní screenované nemoci vykazovaly prevalenci okolo 1 : 100 000 a méně. Podpora: Cooperatio PEDI UK pro FV; tým z KPDPM VFN a 1. LF UK byl podpořen institucionálně z RVO-VFN 64165.
The aim of this short article is to summarize the results and basic performance metrics of newborn laboratory screening from a 13-year period in the Czech Republic. The total cumulative prevalence of all 18 screened diseases was 1 : 1081. The highest prevalence was in congenital hypothyroidism 1 : 2894; phenylketonuria 1 : 4 960; cystic fibrosis 1 : 6309; biotinidase deficiency 1 : 9253; congenital adrenal hyperplasia 1 : 12 190 and medium-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency 1 : 22 833. The other screened diseases showed a prevalence of about 1 : 100 000 or less.
- MeSH
- falešně negativní reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- novorozenecký screening * MeSH
- vrozené poruchy metabolismu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) screening je souhrnný název pro nástroj časné detekce řady závažných vrozených poruch imunity. Současná kvantifikace excizních DNA molekul TREC a KREC umožňuje časně diagnostikovat závažné buněčné i protilátkové vrozené defekty imunity. Do dvouletého pilotního programu screeningu se v letech 2022–2023 v České republice zapojilo > 90 % novorozenců (vyšetřeno bylo 198 675 vzorků). Diagnostikováni byli 2 pacienti se SCID na podkladě CD3 epsilon deficience a atypického kompletního DiGeorgova syndromu a dalších 17 pacientů s jinými vrozenými poruchami imunity, z toho 9 s agamaglobulinemií. U dvou pacientů se SCID umožnil screening časnou kauzální terapii, tj. transplantaci hematopoetických buněk / thymu, u non-SCID pacientů vedla časná znalost jejich diagnózy k zavedení adekvátních režimových a profylaktických opatření za účelem snížení jejich následné morbidity. Od 1. ledna 2024 byl screening závažných vrozených poruch imunity spolu se spinální muskulární atrofií integrován do celoplošného novorozeneckého laboratorního screeningu.
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) screening is a collective term for an early detection tool for a range of serious inborn errors of immunity. The quantification of excision DNA molecules TREC and KREC allows for early diagnosis of severe cellular and antibody immune defects. The recently concluded Czech pilot screening program (2022-2023) included over 90% of newborns (with 198,675 samples examined). Two patients with SCID were diagnosed based on CD3 epsilon deficiency and atypical complete DiGeorge syndrome, and another 17 patients were found to have other inborn errors of immunity, including 9 agammaglobulinemia. Screening enabled early causal therapy, i.e., hematopoietic cell/thymus transplantation, for two SCID patients, while early diagnosis in non-SCID patients led to the implementation of appropriate regimen and prophylactic measures to reduce subsequent morbidity. As of January 1, 2024, screening for severe inborn errors of immunity, along with screening for spinal muscular atrophy, becomes integral part of the national laboratory newborn screening program.
- MeSH
- agamaglobulinemie diagnóza farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kombinovaná protilátková terapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenecký screening MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- primární imunodeficience * diagnóza genetika terapie MeSH
- těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience diagnóza genetika terapie MeSH
- thymus abnormality patologie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody MeSH
- transplantace orgánů MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Direct infusion of lipid extracts into the ion source of a mass spectrometer is a well-established method for lipid analysis. In most cases, nanofluidic devices are used for sample introduction. However, flow injection analysis (FIA) based on sample infusion from a chromatographic pump can offer a simple alternative to shotgun-based approaches. Here, we describe important modification of a method based on FIA and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We focus on minimizing contamination of the FIA/MS both to render the lipidomic platform more robust and to increase its capacity and applicability for long-sequence measurements required in clinical applications. Robust validation of the developed method confirms its suitability for lipid quantitation in human plasma analysis. Measurements of standard human plasma reference material (NIST SRM 1950) and a set of plasma samples collected from kidney cancer patients and from healthy volunteers yielded highly similar results between FIA-MS/MS and ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC)/MS, thereby demonstrating that all modifications have practically no effect on the statistical output. Newly modified FIA-MS/MS allows for the quantitation of 141 lipid species in plasma (11 major lipid classes) within 5.7 min. Finally, we tested the method in a clinical laboratory of the General University Hospital in Prague. In the clinical setting, the method capacity reached 257 samples/day. We also show similar performance of the classification models trained based on the results obtained in clinical settings and the analytical laboratory at the University of Pardubice. Together, these findings demonstrate the high potential of the modified FIA-MS/MS for application in clinical laboratories to measure plasma and serum lipid profiles.
- MeSH
- krevní plazma chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidomika * metody MeSH
- lipidy analýza MeSH
- průtoková injekční analýza MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: laboratorní novorozenecký screening (LNS) je preventivní celopopulační program, který umožňuje včasnou diagnostiku a účinnou léčbu pacientům s vybranými vrozenými a dědičnými nemocemi a podstatně zlepšuje kvalitu jejich života. Metodika: vyšetření kapilární krve odebrané mezi 48. až 72. hodinou života ve formě suché krevní kapky metodami tandemové hmotnostní spektrometrie, fluorimetrie, imunoeseje či molekulárně genetickými. Výsledky: v České republice byl LNS zahájen v roce 1975 vyhledáváním fenylketonurie (PKU), dále se rozšířil v roce 1985 o kongenitální hypotyreózu (CH), v roce 2006 o kongenitální adrenální hyperplazii (CAH), v roce 2009 o cystickou fibrózu (CF) a dalších 9 dědičných poruch metabolismu. K dalšímu rozšíření počtu onemocnění došlo v roce 2016. V letech 2010–2020 bylo vyšetřením více než 1,2 milionu novorozenců zachyceno pomocí LNS celkem 1100 pacientů s některou z cílových nemocí. Kumulativní novorozenecká prevalence všech 18 nemocí činí 1 : 1100. Mezi nejčastější patří CH, PKU, CF a parciální deficit biotinidázy. Od roku 2022 je plánován start pilotního programu dalšího rozšíření LNS o spinální svalovou atrofii a těžké kombinované imunodeficity. Závěr: LNS programy se díky pokrokům v technologiích a léčbě celosvětově rozšiřují za dodržení stále platných kritérií WHO dle Wilsona a Jungnera.
Introduction: laboratory newborn screening (LNS) is a preventive population-wide program that enables early diagnosis and efficient treatment of patients with selected congenital and hereditary diseases and improves significantly their quality of life. Methodology: analysis of capillary blood collected between 48 and 72 hours of life in the form of a dried blood spot by tandem mass spectrometry, fluorimetry, immunoassay and molecular genetic methods. Results: in the Czech Republic, LNS was started in 1975 with a search for phenylketonuria (PKU), further expanded in 1985 by congenital hypothyroidism (CH), in 2006 by congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), in 2009 by cystic fibrosis (CF) and 9 other inborn metabolic diseases. The number of diseases was further expanded in 2016. In 2010-2020, a total of 1,100 patients with one of the target diseases were diagnosed with LNS by analysing more than 1.2 million newborns. The cumulative neonatal prevalence of all 18 diseases is 1: 1,100. The most common diseases are CH, PKU, CF and partial biotinidase deficiency. From 2022, the start of a pilot program for further LNS expansion by adding spinal muscular atrophy and severe combined immunodeficiencies is planned. Conclusion: advances in technology and treatment enable expansion of LNS programs worldwide in compliance with the still valid WHO criteria according to Wilson and Jungner.
- MeSH
- cystická fibróza diagnóza MeSH
- fenylketonurie diagnóza MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody MeSH
- kongenitální adrenální hyperplazie diagnóza MeSH
- kongenitální hypotyreóza diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- novorozenecký screening * metody MeSH
- vrozené poruchy metabolismu diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
Appropriate and timely education about newborn screening (NBS) helps to foster benefits such as prompt follow up, to promote parents' autonomy via informed consent and minimize the harms such as reducing the impact of NBS false-positive results. The aim of this study was to ascertain how mothers are informed about NBS in the Czech Republic and to identify the variables associated with awareness about NBS. The questionnaires evaluating awareness and its determinants were mailed to a random sample of 3000 mothers 3 months post-delivery. The overall response rate was 42%. We analysed 1100 questionnaires and observed that better awareness about NBS was significantly associated with age, parity, number of information sources, child health status, size of maternity hospital and an obstetrician as the source of prenatally obtained information. Although the majority of mothers (77%) in our study recalled being informed by a physician or nurse in the neonatal ward, results have revealed that over 40% of participants did not have sufficient awareness about the principal aspects of NBS. Several measures including seminars for healthcare providers and the development and distribution of new educational materials were adopted to improve parental education about NBS in the Czech Republic.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Presymptomatic detection of patients with rare diseases (RD), defined by a population frequency less than 1 : 2,000, is the task of newborn screening (NBS). In the Czech Republic (CZ), currently eighteen RD are screened: phenylketonuria/hyperphenylalaninemia (PKU/HPA), congenital hypothyroidism (CH), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), cystic fibrosis (CF), medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD), very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and II deficiency (CPTID, CPTIID), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CACTD), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), glutaric aciduria type I (GA I), isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (IVA), argininemia (ARG), citrullinemia (CIT), biotinidase deficiency (BTD), cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient homocystinuria (CBSD HCU), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency homocystinuria (MTHFRD HCU). The aim was to analyze the prevalence of RD screened by NBS in CZ. METHODS: We examined the NBS programme in CZ from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017, which covered 888,891 neonates. Dried blood spots were primarily analyzed using fluorescence immuno-assay, tandem mass spectrometry and fluorimetry. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of RD among the neonate cohort was 1 : 1,043. Individually, 1 : 2,877 for CH, 1 : 5,521 for PKU/HPA, 1 : 6,536 for CF (1 : 5,887 including false negative patients), 1 : 12,520 for CAH, 1 : 22,222 for MCADD, 1 : 80,808 for LCHADD, 1 : 177,778 for GA I, 1 : 177,778 for IVA, 1 : 222,223 for VLCADD, 1 : 296,297 for MSUD, 1 : 8,638 for BTD, and 1 : 181,396 for CBSD HCU. CONCLUSIONS: The observed prevalence of RD, based on NBS, corresponds to that expected, more precisely it was higher for BTD and lower for MSUD, IVA, CBSD HCU, MCADD and VLCADD. Early detection of rare diseases by means of NBS is an effective secondary prevention tool.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- fluorometrie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- novorozenecký screening metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- vzácné nemoci krev epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
