Vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that exerts immunomodulatory actions, controls calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and significantly affects human health. Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem, affecting approximately 60% of adults worldwide, and has been implicated in a range of different types of diseases, e.g., cancer. Vitamin D is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, energetic metabolism, and different types of cell death (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, etc.). In physiological conditions, it is also able to modulate immune responses, angiogenesis, etc., which belongs to fundamental cancer-related processes. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of some types of cancer, e.g., colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, etc. The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and cancer treatment is still under investigation and depends on the type of cancer. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in all three above-mentioned aspects and discusses the mechanism of action and potential possibilities in cancer treatment.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * prevence a kontrola   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nedostatek vitaminu D komplikace   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• vitamin D * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Wound healing is a very complex process, where variety of different pathways is activated, depending on the phase of healing. Improper or interrupted healing might result in development of chronic wounds. Therefore, novel approaches based on detailed knowledge of signalling pathways that are activated during acute or chronic cutaneous wound healing enables quicker and more effective healing. This review outlined new possibilities of cutaneous wound healing by modulation of some signalling molecules, e.g., gasotransmitters, or calcium. Special focus is given to gasotransmitters, since these bioactive signalling molecules that can freely diffuse into the cell and exert antioxidative effects. Calcium is an important booster of immune system and it can significantly contribute to healing process. Special interest is given to chronic wounds caused by diabetes mellitus and overcoming problems with the inflammation.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies showed differences in insulin resistance (IR) and lipoprotein levels in MS subjects compared to controls. Lipolysis caused by increased sympathetic activity could be one of the possible linking mechanisms leading to dyslipidemia in MS. Our study aimed to evaluate ANS activity in the context of glucose and lipid metabolism in people with MS. We prospectively measured short-term heart rate variability (HRV), fasting lipoprotein concentrations, and calculated IR indices based on plasma glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) in 32 patients with MS and 29 healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index in our study. There was no significant difference in HRV parameters and lipoprotein levels between MS and controls. A significant positive correlation was found between low/high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF) and triglycerides (r=0.413, p=0.021) in MS subjects but not in controls. A significantly lower whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISIMat) was found in patients with MS compared to the control group (7.3±3.7 vs. 9.8±5.6, p=0.041). No significant correlations were found between LF/HF and IR parameters. In MS subjects, the positive correlation of LF/HF with triglycerides could reflect the effects of sympathetic activity on lipolysis. Positive correlations of sympathetic activity with increased lipoprotein levels could rather reflect processes associated with immune system activation/inflammation, than processes involved in glucose homeostasis maintenance.

• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• lipolýza * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Several papers have reported that calcium channel blocking drugs were associated with increased breast cancer risk and worsened prognosis. One of the most common signs of breast tumors is the presence of small deposits of calcium, known as microcalcifications. Therefore, we studied the effect of dihydropyridine nifedipine on selected calcium transport systems in MDA-MB-231 cells, originating from triple negative breast tumor and JIMT1 cells that represent a model of HER2-positive breast cancer, which possesses amplification of HER2 receptor, but cells do not response to HER2 inhibition treatment with trastuzumab. Also, we compared the effect of nifedipine on colorectal DLD1 and ovarian A2780 cancer cells. Both, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) and type 1 sodium calcium exchanger (NCX1) were upregulated due to nifedipine in DLD1 and A2780 cells, but not in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and JIMT1 cells. On contrary to MDA-MB-231 and JIMT1 cells, in DLD1 and A2780 cells nifedipine induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. After NCX1 silencing and subsequent treatment with nifedipine, proliferation was decreased in MDA-MB-231, increased in DLD1 cells, and not changed in JIMT1 cells. Silencing of IP3R1 revealed increase in proliferation in DLD1 and JIMT1 cells, but caused decrease in proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cell line after nifedipine treatment. Interestingly, after nifedipine treatment migration was not significantly affected in any of tested cell lines after NCX1 silencing. Due to IP3R1 silencing, significant decrease in migration occurred in MDA-MB-231 cells after nifedipine treatment, but not in other tested cells. These results support different function of the NCX1 and IP3R1 in the invasiveness of various cancer cells due to nifedipine treatment.

• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů farmakologie   MeSH
• inositol-1,4,5-trisfosfát - receptory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prsu genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nifedipin farmakologie   MeSH
• pohyb buněk účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní farmakologie   MeSH
• pumpa pro výměnu sodíku a vápníku genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u nádorů účinky léků   MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• trastuzumab farmakologie   MeSH
• triple-negativní karcinom prsu genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• vápníková signalizace účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Sclerosis multiplex (SM) je chronické zápalové a neurodegeneratívne ochorenie centrálneho nervového systému. Etiológa ochorenia zostáva neobjasnená, zaraďuje sa medzi autoimunitné ochorenia. Na imunitnú poruchu vplývajú genetické a environmentálne faktory. Z environmentálnych faktorov sa v patogenéze ochorenia najčastejšie skloňuje vplyv slnečného žiarenia, hladiny vitamínu D, infekčných patogénov, ale aj vplyv diéty, obezity a zloženia črevného mikrobiómu. Oficiálne odporúčania ohľadne zloženia diéty však chýbajú. Náš článok poskytuje prehľad existujúcich dôkazov z epidemiologických, klinických a laboratórnych štúdií, že zloženie tukov v strave môže hrať významnú úlohu v patogenéze SM.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The etiology is still unknown, the disease is believed to be autoimmune. The immune dysregulation is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Relation to sun exposure, vitamin D levels, exposure to infectious pathogens as well as dietary habits, obesity and GUT microbiota have all been implicated in the pathogenesis. There are however no firm recommendations regarding diet in the treatment of MS. Our review deals with the available evidence from epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies that dietary fats may play an important role in MS pathogenesis.

• MeSH
• dietní tuky MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-6 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the expression and thus a role of enzymes that produce endogenous H2S - cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase - in renal tumors is still controversial. In this study we aimed to determine the expression of these enzymes relatively to the expression in unaffected part of kidney from the same patient and to found relation of these changes to apoptosis. To evaluate patient's samples, microarray and immunohistochemistry was used. METHODS: To determine the physiological importance, we used RCC4 stable cell line derived from clear cell renal cell carcinoma, where apoptosis induction by a mixture of five chemotherapeutics with/without silencing of H2S-producing enzymes was detected. Immunofluorescence was used to determine each enzyme in the cells. RESULTS: In clear cell renal cell carcinomas, expression of H2S-producing enzymes was mostly decreased compared to a part of kidney that was distal from the tumor. To evaluate a potential role of H2S-producing enzymes in the apoptosis induction, we used RCC4 stable cell line. We have found that silencing of cystathionine-β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase prevented induction of apoptosis. Immunofluorescence staining clearly showed that these enzymes were upregulated during apoptosis in RCC4 cells. CONCLUSION: Based on these results we concluded that in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, reduced expression of the H2S-producing enzymes, mainly cystathionine γ-lyase, might contribute to a resistance to the induction of apoptosis. Increased production of the endogenous H2S, or donation from the external sources might be of a therapeutic importance in these tumors.

• MeSH
• apoptóza * MeSH
• cystathionin-beta-synthasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• cystathionin-gama-lyasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malá interferující RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory ledvin patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nefrektomie MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sulfan metabolismus   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In addition to the genetic, epigenetic and immunological components, various other factors, e.g. unhealthy dietary habits, play a role in the MS pathogenesis. Dietary intervention is a highly appealing approach, as it presents a simple and relatively low risk method to potentially improve outcomes in patients with brain disorders in order to achieve remission and improvement of clinical status, well-being and life expectancy of patients with MS. The importance of saturated fat intake restriction for the clinical status improvement of MS patients was pointed for the first time in 1950s. Recently, decreased risk of first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination associated with higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids particularly originating from fish was reported. Only few clinical trials have been performed to address the question of the role of dietary intervention, such is e.g. low saturated fat diet in MS treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge about the effect of different dietary approaches (diets low in saturated fat and dietary supplements such as fish oil, lipoic acid, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, seeds oils, high fiber diet, vitamin D, etc.) on neurological signs, patient's well-being, physical and inflammatory status. So far the results are not conclusive, therefore much more research is needed to confirm and to understand the effectiveness of these dietary interventions in the long term and well defined studies.

• MeSH
• chování snižující riziko * MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oleje rostlin aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza diagnóza   dietoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rybí oleje aplikace a dávkování   metabolismus   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Melatonin is a hormone transferring information about duration of darkness to the organism and is known to modulate several signaling pathways in the cells, e.g. generation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative status of the cells, etc. Melatonin has been shown to exert antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on various human cancers. We proposed that this hormone can differently affect tumour cells and healthy cells. METHODS: We compared the effect of 24 h melatonin treatment on calcium transport (by fluorescent probes FLUO-3AM and Rhod-5N), ER stress (determined as changes in the expression of CHOP, XBP1 and fluorescently, using Thioflavin T), ROS formation (by CellROX® Green/Orange Reagent) and apoptosis induction (by Annexin-V-FLUOS/propidiumiodide) in two tumour cell lines - ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and stable cell line DLD1 derived from colorectal carcinoma, with non-tumour endothelial cell line EA.hy926. RESULTS: Melatonin increased apoptosis in both tumour cell lines more than twice, while in EA.hy926 cells the apoptosis was increased only by 30%. As determined by silencing with appropriate siRNAs, both, type 1 sodium/calcium exchanger and type 1 IP3 receptor are involved in the apoptosis induction. Antioxidant properties of melatonin were significantly increased in EA.hy926 cells, while in tumour cell lines this effect was much weaker. CONCLUSION: Taken together, melatonin has different antioxidative effects on tumour cells compared to non-tumour ones; it also differs in the ability to induce apoptosis through the type 1 sodium/calcium exchanger, and type 1 IP3 receptor. Different targeting of calcium transport systems in tumour and normal, non-tumour cells is suggested as a key mechanism how melatonin can exert its anticancer effects. Therefore, it might have a potential as a novel therapeutic implication in cancer treatment.

• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• cytosol metabolismus   MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• inositol-1,4,5-trisfosfát - receptory antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malá interferující RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• melatonin toxicita   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• pumpa pro výměnu sodíku a vápníku antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• stres endoplazmatického retikula účinky léků   MeSH
• transkripční faktor CHOP genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• XBP1 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Slovenské deti takmer všetok popoludňajší čas až do večerných hodín venujú sedavej činnosti, čo vplýva na zhoršenie ich pohybovej výkonnosti oproti predchádzajúcim generáciám. Úbytok pravidelnej telesnej aktivity súvisí najmä so zmenou denného režimu pri nástupe do povinnej školskej dochádzky. Pravidelná telesná aktivita realizovaná už od mladšieho školského veku neovplyvňuje len telesnú zdatnosť, ale v prvom rade podporuje zdravý rast a vývin organizmu, znižuje riziko nadváhy a obezity v dospelom veku. Pravidelný pohyb rozvíja zručnosti, sociálne spávanie dieťaťa, podporuje rodinný život a priaznivo ovplyvňuje psychosociálne zdravie. Dieťa by malo stráviť denne aspoň 90 minút telesnej aktivity strednou intenzitou alebo 60 minút strednou až vyššou intenzitou. Pohybové aktivity môžu byť počas dňa rozdelené do kratších častí. Pohybové aktivity by mali byť vykonávané v škole ako súčasť predmetu Telesná a športová výchova, organizovanou formou v športových kluboch a krúžkoch a v rámci voľného času počas spontánnych hier a zábavy. Medzi odporúčané pohybové aktivity detí patrí aj posilňovanie či silový tréning. Tieto činnosti podporujú zdravý telesný vývin a zlepšujú osvojenie si správneho držania tela, čo je základ pre každú pohybovú činnosť. Naše odporúčania predstavujú návod, aby si rodičia a pedagógovia vytvorili obraz, či ich dieťa má dostatočnú pohybovú aktivitu.

Slovak children spent almost all afternoon with sedentary activities. Such manner negatively influences physical fitness compared to previous generations. Reduction in regular physical activity is linked with daily routine changes of children due to compulsory full-time schooling. Regular physical activity performed from an early children age does not influence only physical fitness, rather favor heathy child growth and reduces risk of overweight and obesity in advanced age. Regular physical activity helps with developing skills, promotes social behaviour, family life and psychosocial health. Daily recommended physical activity for children is 90 min of moderate intensity or 60 min of moderate to vigorous intensity. Physical activities could be split and cumulated. Active movement should be partly performed in schools as a subject of Physical and Sports education, organized in clubs and leisure time. Recommended physical activities include strength training, for its beneficial effects on healthy physical growth, correct body-control, which is fundamental for every physical movement and sport. Our recommendation and guidelines provide basic information for parents and teachers to gauge sufficient physical activities of children.

• MeSH
• dítě * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• tělesná námaha MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH