BACKGROUND: While sleep apnea (SA) might be a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, recent data suggest that SA is severely underdiagnosed in patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI). There is limited evidence about day-night variation of onset of MI on dependence of having SA. We therefore investigated the prevalence of SA and examined the day-night variation of onset of MI in acute MI patients. METHODS: We prospectively studied 782 consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute MI. All subjects underwent sleep evaluations using a portable device after at least 48 h post-admission. Using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), groups were defined as patients without SA (<5 events/h), mild SA (5-15 events/h), moderate SA (15-30 events/h), and severe SA (≥ 30 events/h). RESULTS: Almost all patients (98%) underwent urgent coronary angiography and 91% of patients underwent primary PCI. Using a threshold of AHI ≥ 5 events/h, SA was present in 65.7% of patients after acute MI. Mild SA was present in 32.6%, moderate in 20.4% and severe in 12.7%. The day-night variation in the onset of MI in all groups of SA patients was similar to that observed in non-SA patients. From 6 AM to 12 PM, the frequency of MI was higher in both SA and non-SA patients, as compared to the interval from 12 AM to 6 AM (all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of SA in patients presenting with acute MI. Peak time of MI onset in SA patients was between 6 AM and noon, similar to that in the general population. Whether diagnosis and treatment of SA after MI will significantly improve outcomes in these patients remains to be determined.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- infarkt myokardu diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- syndromy spánkové apnoe diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
BACKGROUND: The gibel carp is a fish species with dual reproduction modes, gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, coexisting in mixed diploid-polyploid populations. Following the Red Queen (RQ) assumption, asexual organisms are, due to their low genetic diversity, targets for parasite adaptation. Because MHC polymorphism is maintained by selection from parasites and sexual selection, MHC genes are considered as a suitable candidate for testing the RQ hypothesis. In this study, we investigated MHC variability and the selection pressure acting on MHC genes in sexual diploids and asexual triploids. In addition, we tested whether the asexual form of gibel carp suffers from higher parasite loads than the sexual form. RESULTS: At the population level, genotype and allelic diversity of MHC were reduced in gynogenetic triploids when compared to sexual diploids. Different patterns in positively selected sites (PSS) between gynogens and sexual gibel carp were also found. A weak difference in parasite species richness was found between sexual fish and gynogens. However, two common clones of gynogens were significantly more parasitized than sexual diploids or other gynogens with rare MHC genotypes. At the individual level, the higher number of alleles was not associated with higher parasitism in either sexual diploids or gynogens. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in MHC diversity between gynogenetic triploids and sexual diploids are in accordance with the hypothesis of sexually-mediated selection increasing MHC diversity and fulfil a prerequisite of the Red Queen hypothesis. The different patterns in PSS between gynogens and sexual gibel carp also suggest the potential role of sexual selection and supports parasite-mediated selection maintaining MHC diversity. We showed that the most common MHC genotypes of gynogenetic triploids are the target of parasite selection. Our results suggest that the MHC genotype in gibel carp is more important than allelic number for immunocompetence.
- MeSH
- farmakoterapie využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- geny erbB-1 genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic diagnóza genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Cílená léčba se stává součástí standardních terapeutických postupů zhoubných nádorů. V případě karcinomu tlustého střeva a konečníku je to nejčastěji terapie pomocí monoklonálních anti-EGFR protilátek (cetuximab a panitumumab). Aktivační somatické mutace v kodonech 12 a 13 exonu 2 genu KRAS jsou negativním prediktivním faktorem léčebné odpovědi na anti-EGFR terapii u pacientů s metastatickým kolorektálním karcinomem. V České republice se provádí vyšetření genu KRAS v několika referenčních laboratořích. V roce 2009 bylo v těchto laboratořích provedeno 2580 vyšetření mutačního statutu genu KRAS, z nichž bylo 60,2 % případů nemutovaných, tedy wild-type KRAS. Na příkladu jedné laboratoře je demonstrována logistika vyšetřování mutačního statutu genu KRAS. Stratifikace pacientů s metastatickým kolorektálním karcinomem zvažovaných pro cílenou anti-EGFR terapii na základě přítomnosti mutací v kodonech 12 a 13 genu KRAS je dnes standardním postupem. Laboratoř provádějící toto vyšetření by měla postupovat v souladu s doporučeními odborných společností.
Targeted therapy has become an integral part of treatment procedures of malignant tumors. Colorectal carcinomas are frequently targeted with monoclonal anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab). Activating somatic mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the exon 2 of KRAS gene are considered negative predictive factors of response to anti-EGFR therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In the Czech Republic, evaluation of mutational status of KRAS gene is performed in several referral laboratories. In 2009, these laboratories performed 2580 tests of the KRAS mutational status – out of these, 60.2% cases reported non-mutated, wild-type KRAS. In one of the referral laboratories, we demonstrate the logistics of KRAS testing procedure. Stratification of patients with metastatic colorectal tumors based on their KRAS mutational status has evolved to a standard procedure. Laboratories performing these methods shall therefore adhere to the recommendations of the professional and accredited societies.
- Klíčová slova
- standardizace diagnostických procesů, prediktivní molekulární onkologie, anti-EGFR terapie, cílená léčba,
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- geny ras genetika MeSH
- kolorektální nádory farmakoterapie genetika patologie sekundární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The tapeworm species Bertiella satyri from a semi-wild Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii: Ponginae) is redescribed and the sequence of its 18S rDNA is presented. The tapeworms parasitizing the genera Pan, Pongo, Homo and Hylobates from Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris and from Muséum d´Histoire Naturelle, Genève are also presented. The validity of B. satyri is confirmed. B. satyri (BSA) differs from the most similar species Bertiella studeri (BSTU) in the following characteristics: (1) testes number, BSTU 300-400; BSA 116-124, (2) genital opening, BSTU regularly alternate; BSA irregularly alternate, (3) Cirrus-sac, BSTU short, 0.250-0.320, does not reach excretory ducts; BSA long, 0.630 × 0.495, reaches excretory ducts, (4) egg size, BSTU 0.053-0.060; BSA 0.030-0.051, (5) host BSTU Pan troglodytes, Africa; BSA Pongo pygmaeus, P. abelii, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra). Both species differ according to our material and the name B. satyri (Blanchard, 1891) is resurrected.
- MeSH
- anatomické struktury zvířat anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- cestodózy parazitologie MeSH
- DNA helmintů chemie genetika MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci primátů parazitologie MeSH
- Pongo abelii parazitologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli strains from pigs, sympatric rodents, and flies from two large farms in the Czech Republic with different antibiotic exposure histories were characterized based on antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, and macrorestriction DNA profiles. Isolates of E. coli were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents according to the standard disk diffusion method. In resistant isolates, polymerase chain reaction was used to detect antibiotic resistance genes, integrase genes, and gene cassettes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for molecular subtyping of E. coli. In farm A (long-term use of amoxicillin only), 75% (n = 198), 65% (n = 49), 11% (n = 139), and 82% (n = 177) of E. coli isolates from piglets, sows, sympatric rodents, and flies, respectively, were antibiotic resistant. In farm B (various antibiotics commonly used), 53% (n = 154), 69% (n = 98), and 54% (n = 74) of E. coli isolates from piglets, sows, and sympatric rodents, respectively, were antibiotic resistant. In both farms, the highest resistance prevalence was to tetracycline, and resistance patterns of isolates were greatly variable. Isolates with the same resistance phenotype, genes, and PFGE profile were found in pigs and flies. Isolates from rodents showed unique PFGE profiles. Close contact of sympatric rodents and flies with pigs or their products was associated with colonization of rodents and flies with resistant bacteria or transfer of resistance genes found in pig intestinal flora.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Arvicolinae mikrobiologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- Diptera mikrobiologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika izolace a purifikace klasifikace účinky léků MeSH
- hlodavci mikrobiologie MeSH
- integrasy genetika MeSH
- integrony genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- myši MeSH
- prasata mikrobiologie MeSH
- pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
- rejskovití mikrobiologie MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
V podmínkách péče o pacienty s maligním onemocněním jsou často laboratorní diagnostika a monitorování stavu zánětlivých onemocnění infekční etiologie komplikovány základním onemocněním a jeho léčbou. Prezentujeme zde data srovnávající C-reaktivní protein (CRP), prokalcitonin a míru exprese CD64 (Fc γ RI) na neutrofilech v kontextu záchytu bakteriálního nebo mykotického patogena u onkologických pacientů . Prokalcitonin i CD64 mají v těchto podmínkách vyšší specificitu než CRP, jehož hladina je často výrazně zvýšená díky základnímu onemocnění.
In cancer patients, laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of infectious inflammatory disease is often hampered by malignancy and anti-cancer treatment. We show data comparing C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and level of CD64 (Fc γ RI) expression on neutrophiles within the context of bacterial and fungal infection in cancer patients. Both, procalcitonin and CD64 have higher specificity than CRP tha t is often induced by malignancy.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- kalcitonin analýza diagnostické užití MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody využití MeSH
- nádory komplikace MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody využití MeSH
- receptory IgG krev MeSH
- sepse diagnóza krev MeSH
- zánět diagnóza krev MeSH
