Článek se zabývá problematikou nebezpečných chemických látek v souvislosti s využitím české databáze nebezpečných látek Medis-Alarm. Databáze Medis-Alarm je v tomto příspěvku charakterizována a jsou naznačeny možnosti jejího využití na vysokých školách při výuce studentů. Dalším cílem je vyvolat diskusi o nutném zvýšení bezpečnosti jak obyvatel, tak záchranářů a zlepšení ochrany životního prostředí v České republice.
This article deals with the security of the population and the fire brigade, which uses the Czech database of hazardous substances, Medis-Alarm. This database is connected with the long-term operation of the proven safety transport system TRINS (transport, information and accident system) in the Czech Republic. The Medis-Alarm database is the most widespread one used in the Czech Republic. In this paper, this database is therefore characterized and described in detail, and various possibilities of its use at universities are indicated. The article also aims to provoke a public professional discussion on the necessary increase of the safety of both the population and rescuers and the improvement of environmental protection in the Czech Republic.
Aim:The objective was to determine whether hazardous substances are safely stored in households. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Methods:The sample comprised 300 parents of children attending 20 selected kindergartens.A non-standardized questionnaire developed by the study authors was used. Statistical analyses were carried out using the general linear model, chi-square test, Wilcoxon test, binomial distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:Parents act to prevent unwanted cases of child poisoning in the home setting. There was astatistically significant difference in how household substances were stored (p<0.001). The largest group of hazardous household substances were cleaners (2,644), of which 676 (26%) in the reach of children. A total of 5,550 hazardous substances were found in households, including 1,215 (22%) items that could be accessed by children. There was astatistically significant differences (p=0.0484) in the number of substances in the reach of children between parents with the lowest level of education and those with tertiary education. The field of education, type of housing and place of residence had no effect on the proportion of substances unsafely stored in the home setting. Conclusion:Parents keep household substances out of the reach of children to prevent unwanted cases of poisoning. There are substances, however, that are not considered as toxic by parents.
- MeSH
- Safety MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hazardous Substances * classification MeSH
- Poisoning * prevention & control MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Parents MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Occupational Health standards legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Carcinogens classification MeSH
- Skin Diseases etiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neoplasms MeSH
- Hazardous Substances classification toxicity MeSH
- Respiratory Tract Diseases etiology MeSH
- Occupational Diseases classification prevention & control MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide toxicity MeSH
- Occupational Exposure MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
The amendment to Act No. 258/2000 Coll. on the protection of public health, which came into force on December 1, 2015, sparked an impassioned public debate in the Czech Republic. The reason was that the key paragraph allowing juvenile students, in their preparation for the profession, to handle highly toxic, toxic and corrosive chemical substances and mixtures was left out. Some media portrayed immediately arisen situation as completely unsolvable and paralyzing teaching practical chemistry in schools. In January 2016, the government responded by adopting an amendment to Regulation No. 361/2007 Coll., which allows juvenile pupils again to work with selected groups of hazardous chemical substances and mixtures. Inasmuch in this step there were only minor changes, the team of authors carried out an analysis of the current legal situation and worked out a clear outcome allowing professionals to navigate easily in the art.
- Keywords
- Toxikologické informační středisko, národní toxikologická databáze,
- MeSH
- Consultants MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hazardous Substances * chemistry classification poisoning adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Poisoning * diagnosis etiology classification prevention & control psychology therapy MeSH
- After-Hours Care MeSH
- First Aid * MeSH
- Poison Control Centers * standards organization & administration manpower trends utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Interview MeSH
48 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- Security Measures standards MeSH
- Chemical Safety standards MeSH
- Environmental Health standards MeSH
- European Union MeSH
- Occupational Health standards MeSH
- Hazardous Substances classification standards MeSH
- Product Labeling standards MeSH
- Reference Standards MeSH
- Safety Management standards MeSH
- Equipment and Supplies standards MeSH
- Publication type
- Handbook MeSH
- Guideline MeSH
- Conspectus
- Ochrana spotřebitele. Chování spotřebitele
- Metrologie. Standardizace
- NML Fields
- hygiena
- environmentální vědy
- MeSH
- Congresses as Topic MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Disaster Medicine * methods trends legislation & jurisprudence MeSH
- Methanol * adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Mortality MeSH
- Hazardous Substances * classification MeSH
- Organophosphate Poisoning nursing therapy MeSH
- Poisoning * epidemiology MeSH
- Critical Care methods MeSH
- Disaster Planning * standards MeSH
- General Practitioners standards MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Každá laboratoř občas potřebuje přepravit mikrobiální kultury. Děje se tak většinou za účelem výzkumu, výuky nebo referenčního testování, a to na národní i mezinárodní úrovni. Pro zajištění maximální bezpečnosti zdraví lidí, zvířat i vnějšího prostředí je nezbytné dodržovat pravidla, která se vztahují k manipulaci a transportu bakteriálních či fungálních kultur. Příspěvek předkládá základní pravidla pro přepravu mikroorganismů a elevantní odkazy poskytující informace o zasílání infekčních substancí.
Every laboratory sometimes needs to transport microbial cultures. This is done mostly for the purposes of the research, teaching, or reference testing, at the national and international level. To ensure the highest possible safety for humans, animals and the environment, it is necessary to follow rules relating to the handling and transport of bacterial or fungal cultures. The article presents the basic rules for the transport of microorganisms and relevant links providing information about the shipping of infectious substances.
- Keywords
- pokyny pro přepravu, infekční látky,
- MeSH
- Product Packaging standards MeSH
- Transportation * methods standards MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Classification MeSH
- Infection Control standards MeSH
- Cells, Cultured classification MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques standards MeSH
- Microbiology * standards MeSH
- Hazardous Substances classification supply & distribution MeSH
- Product Labeling standards MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Guideline MeSH
Prezentovaný přehledový článek se zabývá možnostmi vybraných nástrojů a přístupů v procesu modelování pracovních expozic chemickým látkám. Popisuje též kritické prvky procesu efektivního odhadu expozice v rámci procedur hodnocení a zvládání zdravotních rizik. Jsou diskutovány stávající metody odhadů expozičních hladin a jsou rozebírány jejich silné a slabé stránky. Je předložena stručná charakteristika konvenčních empirických modelů, statistických empirických modelů, fyzikálně-chemických modelů a bayesovských modelů (přístupů). Širší pozornost je věnována matematickým a fyzikálním vztahům a faktorům, které tvoří základ fyzikálně-chemických modelů.
Presented review article deals with the possibilities of selected tools and approaches in the process of modeling of occupational exposures to chemicals. It also describes the critical elements of effective exposure assessment in the health risk assessment and management procedures. The existing methods of estimation of exposure levels are discussed and their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed. Brief characteristics of conventional-empirical models, statistical-empirical models, physical-chemical models and Bayesian models are submitted. Greater attention is paid to mathematical and physical relationships and factors that modify the basis of physical-chemical models.
- Keywords
- chemické látky, modely expozice, hodnocení zdravotních rizik (HRA),
- MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hazardous Substances classification MeSH
- Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Models, Statistical MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Air Pollution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
Expozice směsím látek mohou indukovat biologické interakce, které výrazně ovlivňují výslednou odpověď organismu. Česká verze databáze "miXie", prezentovaná v této publikaci, zvyšuje spolehlivost odhadu aditivního a interakčního potenciálu dané směsi látek (aditivity, supra-aditivity, infra-aditivity) a může usnadňovat rozhodovací procesy v hygieně práce, průmyslové toxikologii a pracovním lékařství. Strukturu databázové aplikace tvoří celkem 647 HTML dokumentů, shrnujících dostupné hygienicko-toxikologické údaje o každé látce. Údaje zahrnují cílové orgány, účinky na cílové orgány, mechanismy těchto účinků a toxikokinetické charakteristiky. Další součástí aplikace je 32 HTML dokumentů, charakterizujících třídy podobných biologických (toxických) účinků a 209 PDF dokumentů, charakterizujících binární interakce. Spolehlivost výstupů databáze je limitována stávající úrovní našich znalostí o problematice biologických interakcí. Databáze je koncipována jako otevřený systém, umožňující provádění změn podle úrovně aktuálních poznatků.
Exposure to mixtures of substances can induce biological interactions that significantly affect the final response of the organism. The Czech version of the database "miXie", presented in this publication, increases the reliability of an estimate of the additive and interaction potential of any mixture of substances (additivity, supra-additivity, infra-additivity), and can facilitate decision-making processes in the field of occupational hygiene, industrial toxicology and occupational medicine. The structure of the database application consists of 647 HTML documents, summarizing the hygienic-toxicological data on each substance. The data include target organs, effects on target organs, mechanisms of adverse effects and toxicokinetic characteristics. Another part for application consists of 32 HTML documents, describing classes of similar biological (toxic) effects and 209 PDF documents describing binary interactions. The reliability of the outputs from the database is limited to the current level of our knowledge on biological interactions. The database is designed as an open system that allows making changes according to the level of current knowledge.
- Keywords
- biologické interakce,
- MeSH
- Chemical Phenomena MeSH
- Databases as Topic utilization MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Hazardous Substances classification adverse effects MeSH
- Occupational Exposure classification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Database MeSH
