We lack a holistic understanding of the genetic programs orchestrating embryonic colon morphogenesis and governing damage response in the adult. A window into these programs is the transcriptomes of the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations in the colon. Performing unbiased single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the developing mouse colon at different embryonic stages (embryonic day 14.5 [E14.5], E15.5, and E18.5), we capture cellular and molecular profiles of the stages before, during, and after the appearance of crypt structures, as well as in a model of adult colitis. The data suggest most adult lineages are established by E18.5. We find embryonic-specific gene expression profiles and cell populations that reappear in response to tissue damage. Comparison of the datasets from mice and human colitis suggests the processes are conserved. In this study, we provide a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the developing mouse colon and evidence for the reactivation of embryonic genes in disease.
- MeSH
- analýza jednotlivých buněk MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- embryo savčí metabolismus MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty genetika patologie MeSH
- kolitida genetika MeSH
- kolon embryologie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezoderm embryologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese * MeSH
- střevní sliznice embryologie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Cytochrome (CYP) epoxygenases (CYP2C and CYP2J) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) participate in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and may also have a potential role in enterocyte differentiation. The first critical step in the study of intestinal cell differentiation is the determination of a suitable in vitro model, which must be as similar as possible to the conditions of a living organism. It is known that HT-29 and Caco2 cell lines derived from human colorectal carcinomas can differentiate into enterocyte-like cells in appropriate culture conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We tested 4 different approaches of enterocyte-like differentiation and determined the most appropriate culture conditions for each model. Subsequently, the changes in the expression of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in undifferentiated and differentiated cells were measured by In-Cell ELISA. These results were compared with immunohistochemical profiles of expression of CYP epoxygenases and sEH in samples of human embryonic and fetal intestines as well as adult duodenum and colon. RESULTS: Our results show that sodium butyrate (NaBt)-differentiated HT-29 cells and spontaneously differentiated Caco2 cells resemble CYP epoxygenases and sEH profiles, corresponding with different types of intestines. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the most suitable models for the study of the role of CYP epoxygenases and sEH expression in differentiation of intestinal epithelium are NaBt-differentiated HT-29 cells and spontaneously differentiated Caco2 cells.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
- buňky HT-29 MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- enterocyty enzymologie MeSH
- epoxid hydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina arachidonová metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- střeva cytologie embryologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice * embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Artiodactyls possess GALT that appears in fetal life and is located at the extreme end of the ileum. These IPP contain mostly B cells and involute early in postnatal life. Rabbits have a similarly located lymphoid organ, called the sacculus rotundus. Studies in sheep and rabbits have led to the concept that the lower hindgut GALT represents primary lymphoid tissue for B cells and is necessary for normal B cell development, analogous to the bursa of Fabricius. This review traces the history of the observations and theories that have led to the existing concept concerning the role of lower GALT. We then review recent data from piglets with resected IPP that challenges the concept that the IPP is primary B cell lymphoid tissue and that artiodactyls and rabbits are members of the GALT group in the same context as gallinaceous birds. Eliminating the IPP as the primary lymphoid tissue for B cells leads to the hypothesis that the IPP acts as first-responder mucosal lymphoid tissue.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- Artiodactyla imunologie MeSH
- B-lymfocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- buněčný rodokmen MeSH
- bursa Fabricii cytologie imunologie chirurgie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely MeSH
- imunitní systém embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- králíci imunologie MeSH
- kur domácí imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny cytologie imunologie MeSH
- lymfoidní tkáň cytologie imunologie chirurgie MeSH
- lymfopoéza MeSH
- mezenterium imunologie MeSH
- modely imunologické MeSH
- Peyerovy pláty cytologie imunologie chirurgie MeSH
- prasata imunologie MeSH
- savci embryologie imunologie MeSH
- střeva imunologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice embryologie růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- tvorba protilátek MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Morphological differentiation of the intestinal epithelium in the laboratory rat occurs between the 16th and 21st day of prenatal development. The pseudostratified epithelium is rebuilt into simple epithelium of the future lining. A characteristic sign of this rebuilding is formation of primitive folds, villi and intraepithelial vacuoles corresponding in submicroscopic picture with a secondary luminization. On the tips of folds and villi groups of cells released from the epithelium are observed. In these cells expression of activated caspase-3 confirms the presence of apoptosis in the process of cell death during epithelium rebuilding.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- epitel embryologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- kolon cytologie embryologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- střevní sliznice cytologie embryologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- biologický transport fyziologie genetika MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- intestinální absorpce fyziologie genetika MeSH
- kojená zvířata MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléko metabolismus MeSH
- střevní sliznice cytologie embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The changes in the composition of glycoconjugates in the colon of human embrya and fetuses were studied using the methods of lectin histochemistry. Glycosylation was estimated in various sections of the colon during the development with special attention to intracellular localization. The changes were compared with the process of glycosylation in the tumor-transformed mucosa of the colon. The application of the obtained data to medical practice is discussed.
- MeSH
- disacharidy analýza MeSH
- embryo savčí fyziologie MeSH
- embryonální a fetální vývoj MeSH
- gestační stáří MeSH
- glykokonjugáty analýza metabolismus MeSH
- kolon embryologie MeSH
- lektiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- plod fyziologie MeSH
- sacharidové sekvence MeSH
- střevní sliznice embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- histocytochemie MeSH
- hydrolasy analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plod enzymologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice embryologie enzymologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- atrézie střev patologie MeSH
- ileum embryologie patologie MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- střevní sliznice embryologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
