Background: Remdesivir has recently been used more widely as an antiviral medication, possibly due to its potency against coronavirus.Aim: This study was aimed at detecting the toxicity of remdesivir on the liver and kidneys of albino rats at various doses, as well as the possibility of recovering to the normal structure of these tissues two weeks after drug discontinuation.Methods: Forty adult albino rats were divided into five groups (8 rats per group). The first group was the control group; the second group received 5 mg/kg remdesivir; the third group received 10 mg/kg for five days; and the fourth and fifth groups were withdrawal groups (treated as 2nd and 3rd groups then left for two weeks). After five days of treatment, the animals of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups were sacrificed, while the animals of the withdrawal groups were killed after two weeks of drug discontinuation. Both the liver and kidneys were removed and prepared for histological examination.Results: Remdesivir-treated liver and kidneys showed histological alterations such as blood vessel congestion, mononuclear cell infiltration, and localized hepatocyte degeneration. Meanwhile, kidney sections revealed localized vacuolation of the tubular epithelium, focal glomerular tuft shrinkage with Bowman's space dilatation.Conclusion: Remdesivir is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic mainly, at high doses. Even after drug withdrawal, structural alterations persist, particularly at high dosages, confirming that remdesivir toxicity is dose-dependent.
- Klíčová slova
- remdesivir,
- MeSH
- adenosinmonofosfát analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- alanin analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- antivirové látky * toxicita MeSH
- farmakoterapie COVID-19 škodlivé účinky MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- játra účinky léků MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses are human pathogens of global medical importance, against which no effective small molecule-based antiviral therapy has currently been reported. Arbidol (umifenovir) is a broad-spectrum antiviral compound approved in Russia and China for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. This compound shows activities against numerous DNA and RNA viruses. The mode of action is based predominantly on impairment of critical steps in virus-cell interactions. Here we demonstrate that arbidol possesses micromolar-level anti-viral effects (EC50 values ranging from 10.57 ± 0.74 to 19.16 ± 0.29 μM) in Vero cells infected with Zika virus, West Nile virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus, three medically important representatives of the arthropod-borne flaviviruses. Interestingly, no antiviral effects of arbidol are observed in virus infected porcine stable kidney cells (PS), human neuroblastoma cells (UKF-NB-4), and human hepatoma cells (Huh-7 cells) indicating that the antiviral effect of arbidol is strongly cell-type dependent. Arbidol shows increasing cytotoxicity when tested in various cell lines, in the order: Huh-7 < HBCA < PS < UKF-NB-4 < Vero with CC50 values ranging from 18.69 ± 0.1 to 89.72 ± 0.19 μM. Antiviral activities and acceptable cytotoxicity profiles suggest that arbidol could be a promising candidate for further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent in selective treatment of flaviviral infections.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- členovci - vektory virologie MeSH
- Flavivirus účinky léků genetika MeSH
- indoly farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- infekce viry z rodu Flavivirus virologie MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proteiny virového obalu genetika MeSH
- regulace exprese virových genů účinky léků MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- virus západního Nilu účinky léků genetika MeSH
- virus zika účinky léků genetika MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy účinky léků genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine®) is an immunomodulatory drug approved in several countries for the treatment of viral infections. This study compared the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex versus placebo in subjects with clinically diagnosed influenza-like illness, including subjects with laboratory-confirmed acute respiratory viral infections. Subgroup analyses evaluated the efficacy of inosine pranobex compared to placebo in otherwise healthy (without related ongoing disease) subjects that were less than 50 years of age and healthy subjects that were at least 50 years of age. The effect of body mass index (BMI) was evaluated in subjects less than 50 years of age. METHODS: A total of 463 subjects were randomly assigned to receive inosine pranobex (n = 231) or placebo (n = 232) in this Phase 4, randomised, double-blind, multicentre study. The primary efficacy endpoint was time to resolution of all influenza-like symptoms present at baseline to none. Safety was evaluated through analysis of adverse events, vital signs, and physical examinations. RESULTS: The difference in time to resolution of all influenza-like symptoms between treatment groups was not statistically significant but showed a faster improvement in subjects in the inosine pranobex group versus those in the placebo group - Hazard Ratio = 1.175; (95 % CI: 0.806-1.714). P-value = 0.324. In the subgroup analysis for subjects less than 50 years of age, statistically significant differences in time to resolution of influenza-like symptoms that favoured the inosine pranobex group over the placebo group were observed in those without related ongoing disease and those who were non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m(2)). The differences between the inosine pranobex and placebo groups in subjects at least 50 years of age without related ongoing disease and in subjects less than 50 years of age who were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) were not statistically significant. Inosine pranobex was generally well tolerated, and no deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The study results indicate the safety of inosine pranobex for the treatment of subjects with confirmed acute respiratory viral infections and confirm the efficacy of inosine pranobex versus placebo in healthy non-obese subjects less than 50 years of age with clinically diagnosed influenza-like illnesses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EWO-ISO-2014/1, EudraCT 2014-001863-11 ; Date of registration: 29 APR 2014; Detail information web link: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-001863-11/results.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- antivirové látky terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- chřipka lidská farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- inosin pranobex terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze IV MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
1 svazek : ilustrace ; 30 cm
Antivirals belongs to a relatively new group of drugs with still insufficient information on their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Membrane transport systems are important factor determining disposition and elimination of drugs. The project is aimed at study of transmembrane transport of novel nucleoside antivirals in the kidney and placenta. The reason is nephrotoxicity and potential teratogenicity of these compounds. The aim is to identify the transport systems responsible for transport of the studiedantivirals through barriers in these organs and detect possible affection of the transport of the antivirals by other compounds potentially administered in clinical practice concomitantly with them. Changes in transport of antivirals due to transport interactions will be also correlated with possible changes in toxicity. Renal and placental cell models in vitro will be used together with advanced methods of molecular biology. Results may contribute to safer use of the antivirals.
Antivirotika patří k relativně nové skupině léčiv s dosud nedostatečnými informacemi o farmakokinetice a toxicitě. Membránové transportní systémy jsou důležitým faktorem determinujícím dispozici a eliminaci léčiv. Projekt je zaměřen na studium transmembránového transportu novějších nukleosidových antivirotik v ledvinách a placentě. Důvodem je nefrotoxicita a potenciální teratogenita těchto látek. Záměrem je identifikovat transportní systémy odpovědné za přestup studovaných antivirotik přes bariéry v těchto orgánech a zjistit možné ovlivnění transportu a farmakokinetiky těchto léčiv dalšími farmaky, které jsou v klinické praxi podávány současně s nimi. Změny transportu antivirotik v důsledku transportních interakcí budou dále analyzovány z hlediska vlivu na toxicitu pomocí toxicitních buněčných studií. V rámci projektu bude použito ledvinných a placentárních buněčných modelů in vitro a pokročilých molekulárně-biologických metod. Výsledky mohou přispět k bezpečnějšímu užití těchto léčiv.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky toxicita MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- membránové transportní proteiny analýza MeSH
- placenta účinky léků MeSH
- teratogeneze MeSH
- toxické účinky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
The synthesis of a novel library of purine derivatives bearing various bicyclic and polycylic substituents at the N-9 position is described. The series includes norbornanes, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, and bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes attached at the bridgehead position as well as bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, tetrahydro-1-naphthalenes, and adamantanes bonded either directly or via a linear chain to the 6-chloropurine nucleobase. A number of prepared derivatives exerted significant activity against the enterovirus. Despite attempts to correlate the activity against picornaviruses with their phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase KIIIβ inhibitory activity, it is clear that the inhibition of this host factor cannot explain the observed antiviral potency.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- cytopatogenní efekt virový MeSH
- Enterovirus účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- norbornany chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- puriny chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- replikace viru účinky léků MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Two series of new 4-aminopyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides bearing phenyl or hetaryl group at position 5 or 6 have been prepared by Suzuki or Stille cross-coupling reactions employing X-Phos ligand with (het)arylboronic acids or stannanes. A series of 4-substituted nucleosides has been also prepared by Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitution. Some of these compounds displayed moderate antiviral activities against HCV and dengue viruses.
- MeSH
- adenosin analogy a deriváty MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- Hepacivirus účinky léků MeSH
- HL-60 buňky MeSH
- indoly chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- palladium chemie MeSH
- ribonukleosidy chemie farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- virus dengue účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A series of new pyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides bearing phenyl or hetaryl group at position 4 has been prepared by selective Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of the corresponding protected 4,6-dichloropyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleoside with (het)arylboronic acids or stannanes followed by deprotection. Further cross-couplings under harsher conditions and employing X-Phos ligand proceeded at the position 6 leading to 4,6-disubstituted pyrimido[4,5-b]indole ribonucleosides. Some of these compounds displayed antiviral activity against Dengue virus.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- Hepacivirus účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- indoly chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- palladium MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- pyrimidiny chemie MeSH
- replikace viru účinky léků MeSH
- ribonukleosidy chemická syntéza farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- virus dengue účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
New Adefovir (PMEA) prodrugs with a pro-moiety consisting of decyl or decyloxyethyl chain bearing hydroxyl function(s), hexaethyleneglycol or a (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl unit were prepared starting from the tetrabutylammonium salt of the phosphonate drug and an appropriate alkyl bromide or tosylate. Analogously, two esters of Cidofovir [(S)-HPMPC] bearing a hexaethyleneglycol moiety were prepared. The activity of the prodrugs was evaluated in vitro against different virus families. A loss in the antiviral activities of the hydroxylated decyl or decyloxyethyl esters and hexaethyleneglycol esters of PMEA against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpesviruses [including herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human cytomegalovirus (CMV)] occurred in comparison with the parent compound. On the other hand, the (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl ester of PMEA showed significant activities against HIV and herpesviruses. (S)-HPMPC prodrugs exhibited anti-cytomegalovirus activities in the same range as the parent drug, whereas the anti-HSV and anti-VZV activities were one- to seven-fold lower than that of Cidofovir.
- MeSH
- adenin analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza chemie toxicita MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus účinky léků MeSH
- cytosin analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- HIV účinky léků MeSH
- kyseliny fosforité chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- prekurzory léčiv chemická syntéza chemie toxicita MeSH
- Simplexvirus účinky léků MeSH
- virus varicella zoster účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The synthesis of the title 2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives bearing bipyridine, phenanthroline or terpyridine ligands and their corresponding RuII-complexes in position 8 linked via acetylene or phenylene tethers was accomplished through cross-coupling reactions. The Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of boronic acids or the Sonogashira reactions of terminal acetylene derivatives of oligopyridine ligands were performed either on protected 8-bromoadenosines in organic solvents or, more efficiently, directly on unprotected nucleosides in aqueous acetonitrile or DMF. Direct cross-coupling reactions of unprotected nucleosides with RuII-complexes or the oligopyridine-boronic acids or -acetylenes gave the Ru-labelled nucleosides in one step in fair to good yields. This method was also proven to be applicable for direct Ru-labelling of dATP. Terpyridine-containing 2'-deoxyadenosine exerted significant antiviral and cytostatic effects.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky chemická syntéza chemie toxicita MeSH
- antivirové látky chemická syntéza chemie toxicita MeSH
- deoxyadenosiny chemická syntéza chemie toxicita MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- Hepacivirus účinky léků MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- pyridiny chemie MeSH
- reagencia zkříženě vázaná chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny ruthenia chemie MeSH
Řada léčiv systémově používaných pro své antimikrobiální účinky má nežádoucí fototoxické působení. Patří mezi ně jak některá antibiotika (například tetracykliny, fluorochinolony, popřípadě i makrolidy), tak i sulfonamidová a jim příbuzná chemoterapeutika, antimykotika, tuberkulostatika, antivirotika, popřípadě též antimetabolity. S fototoxickými vlastnostmi zmíněných léčiv by se měli lékaři obecně seznámit, již vzhledem k časové tísni, při níž pak mnohdy budou antimikrobiální prostředky ordinovat. Primárně musí v tomto směru dbát o získání příslušných anamnestických údajů od pacienta, a v případě vzniku fototoxické reakce zabezpečit rychlé vysazení nevhodného léku, jeho záměnu za preparát jiný, zajistit podání antihistaminik, někdy i kortikoidů, vzdálení nemocného z vlivu slunečního záření a aplikaci místních protizánětlivých kožních léků.
Several systemically administered drugs with antimicrobial effect have undesirable phototoxic effects. This group includes some antibiotics (e.g., tetracycline, fluorochinolons, and also macrolids), sulphonamides and related chemotherapeutics, antimycotics, tuberculostatics, antiviral drugs and antimetabolites. Doctors should know the phototoxic effect of those drugs in advance, because of the possible time shortage they might have when they prescribe the drugs. The first condition is to obtain the relevant personal history data, and in case the phototoxic reaction develops, to terminate the unsuitable drug, to change it for another, to administer antihistaminics, sometimes corticoids, prevent exposition to sun, and administer local anti-inflammatory dermatological drugs.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky škodlivé účinky toxicita účinky záření MeSH
- antifungální látky škodlivé účinky toxicita účinky záření MeSH
- antimetabolity škodlivé účinky toxicita účinky záření MeSH
- antitumorózní látky škodlivé účinky toxicita účinky záření MeSH
- antivirové látky škodlivé účinky toxicita účinky záření MeSH
- fototoxická dermatitida diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy fotosenzitivity diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- sluneční záření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH