ANTXR1 is one of two cell surface receptors mediating the uptake of the anthrax toxin into cells. Despite substantial research on its role in anthrax poisoning and a proposed function as a collagen receptor, ANTXR1's physiological functions remain largely undefined. Pathogenic variants in ANTXR1 lead to the rare GAPO syndrome, named for its four primary features: Growth retardation, Alopecia, Pseudoanodontia, and Optic atrophy. The disease is also associated with a complex range of other phenotypes impacting the cardiovascular, skeletal, pulmonary and nervous systems. Aberrant accumulation of extracellular matrix components and fibrosis are considered to be crucial components in the pathogenesis of GAPO syndrome, contributing to the shortened life expectancy of affected individuals. Nonetheless, the specific mechanisms connecting ANTXR1 deficiency to the clinical manifestations of GAPO syndrome are largely unexplored. In this study, we present evidence that ANTXR1 deficiency initiates a senescent phenotype in human fibroblasts, correlating with defects in nuclear architecture and actin dynamics. We provide novel insights into ANTXR1's physiological functions and propose GAPO syndrome to be reconsidered as a progeroid disorder highlighting an unexpected role for an integrin-like extracellular matrix receptor in human aging.
- MeSH
- aktiny metabolismus MeSH
- alopecie * metabolismus patologie genetika MeSH
- anodoncie * MeSH
- dědičné atrofie optického nervu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fibroblasty * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofilamentové proteiny * MeSH
- poruchy růstu * MeSH
- progerie genetika patologie metabolismus MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu metabolismus genetika nedostatek MeSH
- stárnutí buněk * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disorder caused by a mutation of lamin A, which contributes to nuclear architecture and the spatial organization of chromatin in the nucleus. The expression of a lamin A mutant, named progerin, leads to functional and structural disruption of nuclear organization. Since progerin lacks a part of the actin-binding site of lamin A, we hypothesized that nuclear actin dynamics and function are altered in HGPS cells. Nuclear F-actin is required for the organization of nuclear shape, transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Here we show that the expression of progerin decreases nuclear F-actin and impairs F-actin-regulated transcription. When nuclear F-actin levels are increased by overexpression of nuclear-targeted actin or by using jasplakinolide, a compound that stabilizes F-actin, the irregularity of nuclear shape and defects in gene expression can be reversed. These observations provide evidence for a novel relationship between nuclear actin and the etiology of HGPS.
- MeSH
- aktiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné jádro genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- lamin typ A genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oprava DNA * MeSH
- progerie genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- signální dráha Wnt * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
BACKGROUND: Nibrin, as part of the NBN/MRE11/RAD50 complex, is mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), which leads to impaired DNA damage response and lymphoid malignancy. RESULTS: Telomere length (TL) was markedly reduced in homozygous patients (and comparably so in all chromosomes) by ~40% (qPCR) and was slightly reduced in NBS heterozygotes older than 30 years (~25% in qPCR), in accordance with the respective cancer rates. Humanized cancer-free NBS mice had normal TL. Telomere elongation was inducible by telomerase and/or alternative telomere lengthening but was associated with abnormal expression of telomeric genes involved in aging and/or cell growth. Lymphoblastoid cells from NBS patients with long survival times (>12 years) displayed the shortest telomeres and low caspase 7 activity. CONCLUSIONS: NBS is a secondary telomeropathy. The two-edged sword of telomere attrition enhances the cancer-prone situation in NBS but can also lead to a relatively stable cellular phenotype in tumor survivors. Results suggest a modular model for progeroid syndromes with abnormal expression of telomeric genes as a molecular basis. METHODS: We studied TL and function in 38 homozygous individuals, 27 heterozygotes, one homozygous fetus, six NBS lymphoblastoid cell lines, and humanized NBS mice, all with the same founder NBN mutation: c.657_661del5.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- heterozygot MeSH
- homeostáza telomer genetika MeSH
- homozygot MeSH
- jaderné proteiny genetika MeSH
- karyotypizace MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- progerie genetika patologie MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu genetika MeSH
- syndrom Nijmegen breakage komplikace genetika patologie MeSH
- telomerasa metabolismus MeSH
- telomery patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Buněčná senescence je fyziologický stav obecně definovatelný jako stabilní zástava proliferace, tedy přerušení buněčného cyklu. Na rozdíl od buněk terminálně diferenciovaných, které taktéž nevykazují proliferační aktivitu, je zpravidla podmíněna nějakým typem stresu. Buňky s teoretickou schopností dělení (například progenitorové, kmenové či rakovinné) jsou drženy v senescentním stavu aktivitou specifických signálních drah. Množství senescentních buněk v průběhu ontogeneze organismu narůstá. Buněčná senescence tak nejen provází stárnutí, ale jak se ukazuje, významně tento proces ovlivňuje.
Cellular senescence is a physiological state generally defined as a stable arrest of proliferation by preventing the cells from cycling. Unlike terminally differentiated cells, that also do not show proliferative activity, cellular senescence is stress induced and blocks the proliferation of cells with theoretical ability to divide (such as progenitor, stem or cancer cells) due to the activity of specific signaling pathways. The number of senescent cells increases during the ontogenesis of an organism. Senescent cells are not only associated with aging, but also significantly influence this process - a fact that is becoming increasingly well documented.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- progerie etiologie genetika patologie MeSH
- stárnutí buněk * fyziologie MeSH
- stárnutí * fyziologie patologie MeSH
- telomery patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Background Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in the LMNA gene, which leads to premature aging. The median life expectancy is shortened to 13 years due to cardiovascular complications. Case report We present a boy born with a pathogenic LMNA variant c.433G > A, which causes atypical progeria syndrome (APS) and was previously described in one single patient. When investigated for poor growth prior to the diagnosis of APS, his laboratory tests revealed growth hormone (GH) deficiency and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the midbrain showed partial empty sella. GH treatment had only a limited and transient effect. His first ischemic complication manifested at age 4.2 years; at the age of 7 years, he had a fatal haemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first patient with APS showing partial empty sella and GH deficiency that might have contributed to his poor growth. GH failed to improve long-term outcome.
- MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lamin typ A genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský růstový hormon aplikace a dávkování nedostatek MeSH
- mutace * MeSH
- nanismus farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- progerie komplikace genetika patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- progeroidní syndromy,
- MeSH
- Cockayneův syndrom * diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- genetické nemoci vrozené diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- progerie * diagnóza genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- Rothmundův-Thomsonův syndrom * diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- Wernerův syndrom * genetika patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of normal aging and aging-related syndromes, including the premature aging disorder Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by a single mutation in the LMNA gene that results in the constitutive expression of a truncated splicing mutant of lamin A known as progerin. Progerin accumulation leads to increased cellular stresses including unrepaired DNA damage, activation of the p53 signaling pathway and accelerated senescence. We previously established that the p53 isoforms ∆133p53 and p53β regulate senescence in normal human cells. However, their role in premature aging is unknown. Here we report that p53 isoforms are expressed in primary fibroblasts derived from HGPS patients, are associated with their accelerated senescence and that their manipulation can restore the replication capacity of HGPS fibroblasts. We found that in near-senescent HGPS fibroblasts, which exhibit low levels of ∆133p53 and high levels of p53β, restoration of Δ133p53 expression was sufficient to extend replicative lifespan and delay senescence, despite progerin levels and abnormal nuclear morphology remaining unchanged. Conversely, Δ133p53 depletion or p53β overexpression accelerated the onset of senescence in otherwise proliferative HGPS fibroblasts. Our data indicate that Δ133p53 exerts its role by modulating full-length p53 (FLp53) signaling to extend the replicative lifespan and promotes the repair of spontaneous progerin-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We showed that Δ133p53 dominant-negative inhibition of FLp53 occurs directly at the p21/CDKN1A and miR-34a promoters, two p53 senescence-associated genes. In addition, Δ133p53 expression increased the expression of DNA repair RAD51, likely through upregulation of E2F1, a transcription factor that activates RAD51, to promote repair of DSBs. In summary, our data indicate that Δ133p53 modulates p53 signaling to repress progerin-induced early onset of senescence in HGPS cells. Therefore, restoration of ∆133p53 expression may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat aging-associated phenotypes of HGPS in vivo.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- fibroblasty patologie fyziologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika fyziologie MeSH
- poškození DNA genetika MeSH
- předčasné stárnutí genetika patologie MeSH
- progerie genetika patologie MeSH
- protein - isoformy fyziologie MeSH
- stárnutí buněk genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Ranged among laminopathies, Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome is a syndrome that involves premature aging, leading usually to death at the age between 10 to 14 years predominatly due to a myocardial infarction or a stroke. In the lecture I shall overview the importance of molecular cell biology investigations that led to the discovery of the basic mechanism standing behind this rare syndrome. The genetic basis in most cases is a mutation at the nucleotide position 1824 of the lamin A gene. At this position, cytosine is substituted for thymine so that a cryptic splice site within the precursor mRNA for lamin A is generated. This results in a production of abnormal lamin A, termed progerin, its presence in cells having a deleterious dominant effect. Depending on the cell type and tissue, progerin induces a pleiotropy of defects that vary in different tissues. The present endeavour how to challenge this terrible disease will be also mentioned.
- MeSH
- diagnóza MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Perthesova nemoc MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- progerie diagnóza genetika komplikace MeSH
- určení kostního věku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
