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Spinocelulární karcinom hlavy a krku je zdaleka nejčastěším zhoubným nádorem ORL oblasti a v ČR postihuje ročně přes tisíc pacientů. I přes pokroky v zavádění nových operačních postupů (endoskopické výkony, funkční bloková dissekce aj.), přístrojů (laser, harmonický skalpel) či onkologických schémat zůstává u lokálně pokročilého nádoru pětileté přežití pod 50 %. Souhrnný článek popisuje dosavadní poznatky o časné kancerogenezi u spinocelulárního karcinomu hlavy a krku a uvádí molekulárně biologické trendy, které mohou přispět k dalšímu poznání časné fáze kanzerogeneze u tohoto typu karcinomu, a tím i zlepšit detekci, výhledově pak i léčbu tohoto zhoubného onemocnění.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumour of the head and neck. It affects more than one thousand patients in the Czech Republic each year. Despite advances in surgical techniques (endoscopic surgery, functional neck dissection etc.), instruments (laser, harmonic ultrascission knife, radiofrequency a.o.) and oncology guidelines, the overall 5-year survival rate remains under 50 %. The article reviews current data on early cancerogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and outlines possible research trends.

Článek

A case-control study of lifestyle and lung cancer associations by histological types

Kubík, Antonín, 1930-
Autor Autorita
Zatloukal, Petr, 1955-2012
Autor Autorita
Tomášek, Ladislav
Autor Autorita
Doležal, Jiří
Autor Autorita
Syllabová, Lýdia
Autor Autorita
Kára, Jindřich
Autor Autorita
Kopecký, Petr, 1958-
Autor Autorita
Pleško, Ivan, 1930-2016
Autor Autorita

Neoplasma. 2008 ; 55 (3) : 192-199.

ISSN 0028-2685
Medvik
Zdroj

The objective of the study was to investigate the contribution of dietary factors and physical exercise to the variation in the risk of lung cancer and its major histological types among men and women in the Czech Republic, and reveal interactions between smoking and diet/physical exercise, if any. In a hospital based case-control study, data collected by in-person interviews from 1096 microscopically confirmed lung cancer cases (587 women, 509 men) and 2966 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression stratified by appropriate factors. Among all nonsmoking women protective effects were observed for black tea (OR=0.69), among all smoking women for wine (OR=0.71), physical exercise (OR=0.64) and vitamin supplements (OR=0.71). Among all men, inverse associations were found in smokers between lung cancer risk and frequent intake of fruits (OR=0.69) or moderate intake of spirits (OR=0.64), and a direct association for fat foods (OR=1.68). Comparing the effects of diet/physical activity on lung cancer risk among nonsmokers versus smokers, interactions with smoking appeared for the intake of black tea and milk/dairy products among women, and for moderate intake of spirits in men. When the effects of diet/physical exercise on risk were analyzed by major cell types in women, the intake of wine and physical exercise were inversely associated with the risk of both adenocarcinoma and small cell cancer, the intakes of fruits and vitamin supplements were inversely associated with the risk of squamous cell cancer. In men, the intake of fat foods was directly associated with the risk of squamous cell cancer, while the frequent intake of apples was inversely associated with the risk of both squamous- and small cell cancers. In men an inverse association with the risk of squamous cell cancer was found for the intake of other fruits. These data suggest that diet/physical exercise may affect the risk of lung cancer and major cell types, and that interactions between some dietary items and smoking may occur. Lung cancer is a multifactorial disease, since smoking, its main determinant, and other environmental and lifestyle factors interact with one another and with genetic factors to cause the disease.