arthropod density Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The interaction of arthropods with the environment and the management of their populations is a focus of the ecological agenda. Spatial autocorrelation and under-sampling may generate bias and, when they are ignored, it is hard to determine if results can in any way be trusted. Arthropod communities were studied during two seasons and using two methods: window and panel traps, in an area of ancient temperate lowland woodland of Zebracka (Czech Republic). The composition of arthropod communities was studied focusing on four site level variables (canopy openness, diameter in the breast height and height of tree, and water distance) and finally analysed using two approaches: with and without effects of spatial autocorrelation. I found that the proportion of variance explained by space cannot be ignored (≈20% in both years). Potential bias in analyses of the response of arthropods to site level variables without including spatial co-variables is well illustrated by redundancy analyses. Inclusion of space led to more accurate results, as water distance and tree diameter were significant, showing approximately the same ratio of explained variance and direction in both seasons. Results without spatial co-variables were much more disordered and were difficult to explain. This study showed that neglecting the effects of spatial autocorrelation could lead to wrong conclusions in site level studies and, furthermore, that inclusion of space may lead to more accurate and unambiguous outcomes. Rarefactions showed that lower sampling intensity, when appropriately designed, can produce sufficient results without exploitation of the environment.
- MeSH
- členovci fyziologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mokřady MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- prostorová analýza * MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- statistické modely * MeSH
- stromy fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: While the 'no-tillage' management system generally improves soil properties and helps to control arthropod pests, it may also intensify crop infestation by the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pallas). In this study, we evaluated the impact of soil management (no-tillage or tillage), crop and previous crop (winter wheat or winter rape), and season (spring or autumn) on common vole density using data from the Common Vole Monitoring Programme undertaken by the Plant Protection Service of the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2009. RESULTS: Models predicted low mean values of vole infestation across management types, crops, and seasons. The untilled fields hosted significantly more voles than the tilled fields in spring but not in autumn. More common voles were found in winter rape than in winter wheat during both seasons. CONCLUSION: Recent studies suggest that no-tillage management is more profitable than tillage management as a result of its positive impact on soil properties and pest control. During periods of high vole infestation, however, tillage may constitute an alternative strategy for reducing yield losses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae fyziologie MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- Brassica napus růst a vývoj MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- pěstování plodin metody MeSH
- pšenice růst a vývoj MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Přestože bylo prokázáno, že skladištní členovci (tj. roztoči a hmyz) mohou vyvolávat u člověka závažné alergické reakce, chybí základní informace o současném rozsahu zamoření zemědělských potravinářských komodit v ČR. Proto bylo cílem této studie vyhodnotit aktuální výskyt (tj. druhové složení, častost /= frekvenci/ výskytu a populační výši /= abundanci/) potenciálně alergenních členovců ve skladovaném potravinářském obilí. Tyto informace mají sloužit pro hodnocení a predikci rizik zamoření cereálních potravin a vzdušného prostředí sil a skladů alergeny členovců v ČR. Bylo odebráno a analyzováno 379 vzorků z uskladněného obilí (1 vzorek = 1 kg) ze sil a podlahových skladů z celého území ČR. Ve studovaném materiálu bylo zjištěno cca 130 000 jedinců skladištních škůdců v 56 druzích. Byly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly v abundanci a frekvenci různých skupin skladištních členovců. Roztoči infestovali 64 % vzorků, zatímco pisivky 19 % a brouci 30 %. Roztoči jsou nejvíce abundantní skupina (91 % jedinců) a převládají nad pisivkami (4 %) a brouky (5 %). Skladištní členovci se vyskytovali v uskladněném obilí v agregacích; průměrná abundance je 308 roztočů, 10 pisivek a 19 jedinců brouků na jeden obilní vzorek. Maximální nalezené počty v jednom vzorku jsou: 25 500 roztočů, 1957 pisivek a 2012 brouků v 1 kg obilovin. Více než 100 jedinců roztočů bylo nalezeno v 22 % obilných vzorků. Z těchto výsledků vyplývá, že roztoči jsou nejvýznamnějšími donory alergenů do skladovaného obilí. Podle abundance a nejvyšší frekvence ve vzorcích jsou nejvíce důležité tyto druhy: (i) roztoči Acarus siro > Tydeus interruptus > Lepidoglyphus destructor > Tyrophagus putrescentiae > Tarsonemus granarius; (ii) pisivky Liposcelis decolor > L. entomophila > L. paeta; (iii) brouci Tribolium castaneum > Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica. Výsledky této práce indikují, že nejvíce nebezpeční z hlediska produkce alergií v cereálních potravinách jsou roztoči. Nicméně chemická (fumigace) kontrola skladištních členovců na farmách je zaměřena na nápadné brouky (2 mm), zatímco mikroskopičtí roztoči kontrolováni nejsou.
There is well documented that the storage pest arthropods (mites and insects) cause an important allergy troubles in human population. In spite of this fact, we have a little information on the extent of infestation of food grain stored in the Czech Republic (CZ). The aim of this study is to evaluate the actual occurrence of stored product pests in stored grain. The species composition, frequency (occurrence in the cores of stored grain) and pests’ abundance (population density) are evaluated and compared. These data would help to predict the risk of storage pests contamination of food and grain stores by allergens in CZ. Three hundred seventy nine samples of stored grain (weight of sample – 1kg) were collected in silos and storey brice (flat) stores in CZ. Fifty-six pests species in about 130 000 individuals were sampled. Their abundance and frequency were evaluated. The mites infested 64% of samples were, while only 19 and 30% by psocids and beetles. 22% of grain contained more than 100 mites. The mites were the most abundant group, followed by psocids and beetles (91, 4 and 5% respectively). The pests imoportance according to abundance and frequency decreased in the following order: (a) mites Acarus siro > Tydeus interruptus > Lepidoglyphus destructor > Tyrophagus putrescentiase > Tarsonemus granarius; (b) psocids Liposcelis decolor > L. entomophila > L. paeta; (c) beetles Tribolium castaneum > Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica. The occurrence of all pests was strongly aggregated, the mean abundance was 308, 10 and 19, maximal abundance = 25 500 mites, 1957 psocids, 2012 beetles per kg of the grain. The findings of this study suggest that mites are the most important source of allergens in stored grain in the conditions stored grain in Central Europe. Notwithstanding to these facts, the chemical pest control measures are aimed at the beetles.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- jedlá semena MeSH
- jedy členovců MeSH
- kontrola potravin MeSH
- konzervace potravin MeSH
- potravinářská parazitologie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Arthropods are a documented cause of occupational allergy in cereal stores. Since the current allergenic risk of various arthropods in grain stores is not known, we evaluated its extent using data from the Czech Republic (CZ). We surveyed 514 grain storage units for pest composition and density. Recalculating literature data we established 4 density dependent classes of pooled mite "allergy-risk level" (ARL) in stored grain: (i) safe-ARL: 0 mites.g(-1) grain, (ii) low-ARL: up to 1 mite.g(-1) grain, (iii) high-ARL: from 1 to 5 mites.g(-1) grain, (iv) danger-acute asthma-ARL: higher than 5 mites.g(-1) grain. Farmers (15) were questioned for pest taxon-related pesticide treatments. Mites constituted the largest group of collected pests (92%) followed by psocids (5%), beetles (3%) and moths (0%). 60% of mites belonged to known allergen producing species; the most abundant were Acarus siro, A. faris, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Lepidoglyphus destructor. Grain samples belonged to the established ARL classes as follows: (i) safe-ARL: 37% (ii) low-ARL: 53%; (iii) high-ARL: 6%; (iv) danger-acute asthma-ARL: 4%. The enquiry among farmers revealed that almost no pesticides were targeted solely to control mites. This study suggests that mites represent, due to their allergenic potential, density and frequency, the most serious source of allergens in stored grain in CZ. However, the medical aspect of pest control--such as allergy avoidance strategy--is overlooked since grain feeding insects were mostly chemically controlled, regardless of their relatively low density and allergen production in comparison with mites.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- členovci imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hmyz imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- imunoglobulin E krev MeSH
- jedlá semena parazitologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- kožní testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- nemoci zemědělců epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- roztoči imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence MeSH
- arboviry klasifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- barvení a značení MeSH
- centrifugace - gradient hustoty MeSH
- cesium MeSH
- chloridy MeSH
- chromatografie MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kultivace virů MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- kyselina fosfowolframová MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- protaminy farmakologie MeSH
- sacharosa MeSH
- streptomycin farmakologie MeSH
- ultrazvuk MeSH
- vibrace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Six viral isolates were obtained from 23,243 female mosquitoes (examined in 513 pools) belonging to 16 species and collected along the lower reaches of the Dyje River in South Moravia (Czech Republic, central Europe) during 2006-2008: five isolates of Orthobunyavirus Tahyna (TAHV, California group, family Bunyaviridae: three isolations from Aedes vexans (Meigen), one from Ae. sticticus (Meigen), one from Culex modestus Ficalbi); and one isolation of Flavivirus West Nile (WNV, Japanese encephalitis group, family Flaviviridae)-strain Rabensburg (proposed lineage 3 of WNV) from Ae. rossicus (Dolbeshkin et al). All viral isolates were recovered from mosquitoes collected in 2006 (15,882 mosquitoes examined), while no virus was isolated from mosquitoes trapped in 2007 and 2008, when 1,555 and 5,806 mosquitoes were examined, respectively. The population density of local mosquitoes was very low in 2007 and 2008 because of warm and dry summer including a considerably low water table, compared with environmental conditions favorable for mosquito development in 2006. The virus isolation procedure was based on intracerebral inoculation of newborn mice. In parallel, more than one-third of the samples (183 pools consisting of 8,470 individual mosquitoes) were also examined by inoculating Vero cell cultures in Leighton tubes. However, the latter method detected only three of the six virus isolates (including WNV-Rabensburg). Ae. rossicus is a new potential vector for WNV-Rabensburg. This species feeds mostly on mammals including man; this raises the question whether this virus lineage is not adapted to an alternative mosquito-mammal cycle in the South-Moravian natural focus.
- MeSH
- arboviry genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Culex virologie MeSH
- Culicidae virologie MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- myši virologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- RNA virová genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- substituce aminokyselin MeSH
- virové proteiny genetika MeSH
- virus západního Nilu genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- viry kalifornské encefalitidy genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- západonilská horečka mortalita veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši virologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- antigeny analýza MeSH
- arboviry MeSH
- ascitická tekutina MeSH
- centrifugace - gradient hustoty MeSH
- cesium MeSH
- chloridy MeSH
- cytopatogenní efekt virový MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- ethylethery farmakologie MeSH
- hemaglutinační testy MeSH
- hemaglutininy virové analýza MeSH
- husy MeSH
- komplement fixační testy MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- myši MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky farmakologie MeSH
- pufry MeSH
- testy inhibice hemaglutinace MeSH
- tromethamin MeSH
- virové proteiny analýza MeSH
- virus Sindbis MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- arboviry MeSH
- ascitická tekutina MeSH
- centrifugace - gradient hustoty MeSH
- cesium MeSH
- chloridy MeSH
- cytopatogenní efekt virový MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie MeSH
- ethylethery farmakologie MeSH
- hemaglutinační testy MeSH
- hemaglutininy virové analýza MeSH
- husy MeSH
- komplement fixační testy MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- myši MeSH
- povrchově aktivní látky farmakologie MeSH
- protilátky analýza MeSH
- pufry MeSH
- testy inhibice hemaglutinace MeSH
- tromethamin MeSH
- virové proteiny analýza MeSH
- virus Sindbis imunologie patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kuřecí embryo MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH