Karotenoidy jsou důležitými faktory pro lidské zdraví. Vykazují biologickou aktivitu jako anti-oxidanty, ovlivňují regulaci buněčného růstu a modulují genovou expresi a imunitní odpověď.Významná úloha b-karotenu a jiných karotenoidů jako hlavního potravinového zdroje vitaminu A jeznáma již řadu let. Cílem této studie bylo zhodnotit obsah fyziologicky významných karotenoidů(b-karotenu, a-karotenu, luteinu a lykopenu) v séru 258 dermatologických pacientů a 29 kontrolníchosob. Výsledky získané vyhodnocením jednotlivých podskupin pacientů podle typu dermatózyukázaly, že snížená hladina karotenoidů provází psoriázu, lichen, bércové vředy, kožní nádorya většinu infekčních dermatóz, kdežto zvýšené hladiny karotenoidů byly pozorovány u nemocnýchs lymfedémem a u diabetiků.Studie prokázala pozitivní korelaci mezi množstvím celkových karotenoidů v séru a sérovýmihladinami luteinu (r = 0,825), lykopenu (r = 0,776), a-karotenu (r = 0,657) a b-karotenu (r = 0,556) a/nebomezi a-karotenem a b-karotenem v séru (r = 0,849). Ve snaze zjistit optimální způsob doplňováníkarotenoidů byla realizována řízená epidemiologická ministudie. U 18 zdravých dobrovolníků bylysrovnávány změny karotenoidů (a retinolu) v séru po 60denním příjmu přirozených a syntetickýchzdrojů karotenoidů. Výsledky ukázaly, že optimální formou k dosažení dostatečného množství všechfyziologicky významných karotenoidů ve všech tkáních je podávání směsi přirozených zdrojů.

Carotenoids are important factors in human health. They exhibit biological activities as antioxidants, affect cell growth regulation, and modulate gene expression and immune response. The essential role of β-carotene and other as the main dietary source of vitamin A has been known for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate a content of physiologically significant carotenoids (β-carotene, a-carotene, lutein, lycopene) in a group of 258 dermatological patients and 29 control subjects. The results obtained by evaluating individual subgroups of patients divided according to type of their dermatose make it clear, that decreased level of carotenoids is accompanied with psoriasis, lichen, leg ulcers, skin tumotirs and most of infectious dermatoses, while increased levels of carotenoids were observed in patients with lymphoedema and in diabetics. In the whole study group a positive correlation between amount of serum total carotenoids and serum lutein (r = 0.825), lycopene (r = 0.776), a-carotene (r = 0.657) and β-carotene (r s 0.556) and/or synthetic supplies of carotenoids was perfomed. According to results obtained, an ideal supplement should contain a mixture of naturally-occurred carotenoids to ensure adequate blood levels of all carotenoids common in the human body.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia fyziologie   MeSH
• beta-karoten aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epidemiologické studie MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• karotenoidy analogy a deriváty   fyziologie   krev   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy fotosenzitivity diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

This work reports the development of suspension culture system of transgenic Marsh grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf., Rutaceae) callus overexpressing bacterial phytoene synthase; and the use of this suspension culture to investigate the effects of β-cyclocitral on carotenoid content and composition. At a β-cyclocitral concentration of 0.5 mM and after ten days cultivation, analysis of the carotenoids showed a significant increase in the content of β-, α-carotene, and phytoene predominantly. The maximal increase in total provitamin A carotenoids content following β-cyclocitral application was ~2-fold higher than the control, reaching 245.8 μg/g DW. The trend for increased transcript levels of biosynthetic genes PSY and ZDS correlated with the enhancement of the content of these carotenes following β-cyclocitral treatment and GC-MS based metabolite profiling showed significant changes of metabolite levels across intermediary metabolism. These findings suggest that β-cyclocitral can act as a chemical elicitor, to enhance the formation of carotenes in citrus suspension-cultured cells (SCC), which could be utilized in studying the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and biotechnological application to the renewable production of nutritional carotenoids.

• MeSH
• aldehydy MeSH
• Citrus * MeSH
• diterpeny MeSH
• grapefruit * genetika   MeSH
• karotenoidy MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• mokřady MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

1. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of an unsaturated or saturated fat source and the effects of different dietary energy levels in laying hen diets on the carotenoid content of the egg yolk. 2. Seventy-two ISA Brown laying hens aged 22 weeks old were allocated, for a 10 week period, to three treatments: control diet (HE group) with a 3.4% supplemented fat containing 2.1% soybean and 1.3% palm oil as fat sources and a ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid (u/s) of 3.33; a lowered energy diet with 2.4% supplemented fat containing 1.4% soybean and 1.0% palm oil and u/s of 3.41 (LE+high u/s); a lowered energy diet with 2.4% supplemented fat containing 0.5% soybean and 1.9% palm oil and a u/s of 2.39 (LE+low u/s). A marigold plant extract supplement was used as a source of lutein. 3. Performance parameters (feed consumption, feed conversion, body weight), egg production rate and egg quality parameters were similar between treatments. Dietary fat digestibility at the middle of the study period was not different. Egg yolk total fat content was similar in all treatments at the middle and at the end of the study period. 4. Lutein, zeaxanthin, cis-lutein and total carotenoids content were significantly lower in eggs produced from the LE+low u/s group compared to those from the HE and the LE+high u/s groups (P < 0.01 for all parameters). 5. It was concluded that feeding laying hens with a diet containing 1% less supplemented fat and a lower u/s ratio compared to a control diet and to a diet with 1% less supplemented fat with a higher u/s ratio resulted in a significant reduction of carotenoid expression in the egg yolk at the end of experimental period. Performance and egg quality parameters were not affected by treatments.

• MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• karotenoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata analýza   MeSH
• kur domácí fyziologie   MeSH
• lutein metabolismus   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• vaječný žloutek chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zeaxanthiny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Celkový antioxidačný stav (total antioxidant status TAS), vitamín E, vitamín C, β-karotén, vitamín A a konjugované diény mastných kyselín boli stanovené V plazme 50 detí (11 -14 rokov) a 43 dospievajúcich (15 -18 rokov) zmiešanosa stravujúcich (omnivori) a porovnávané so skupinou 33 lakto- a lakto-ovo-vegetariánov (13 - 18 rokov) s dobou vegetarianizmu 3,2 rokov. Všetky antioxidačné vitamíny sú významne vyššie u vegetariánov oproti omnivorom s nadprahovými hodnotami (okrem vitamínu A) znamenajúcimi redukované riziko volnoradikálových ochorení. U detí omnivorov je obsah vitamínov vrátane pomeru vitamín E/cholesterol (miera ochrany LDL voči oxidácii) vyrovnaný s dospievajúcimi S výnimkou významne vyššej hladiny β-karoténu u mladšej skupiny. Nadprahová je len hladina vitamínu C u oboch skupín. U detí je ďalej významne nižší v porovnaní s dospievajúcimi obsah konjugovanaých diénov mastných kyselin v plazme. Súvisí to s vyššou koncentráciou vitamínu E a C v jednotkovom obsahu TAS ako priamych inhibítorov lipoperoxidačných reakcií, ale aj s vyššou koncentráciou β-karoténu a vitamínu A ako ďalších degradačné pôsobiach látok voči volným kyslíkovým radikálom v etape iniciácie procesu lipoperoxidácie. Vegetariánske stravovanie významne vyššou konzumáciou zeleno-žltej zeleniny a ovocia, preferovaním príjmu rastlinných olejov pri významnom poklese živočíšnych tukov dokumentované nadprahovými hodnotami vitamínu E/cholesterol, vitamínu C a β-karoténu môže predstavovať účinný efekt prevencie kardiovaskulárnych ochorení a rakoviny. Je potrebná optimalizácia výživy omnivorov z pohľadu prevencie vofnoradikálových ochorení.

The total antioxidant status (TAS), vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin A and conjugated fatty acid dienes were assessed in plasma of 50 children (11 -14 years) and 43 adolescent (15 -18 years) omnivores and compared with a group of 33 lacto- and lacto-ovovegetarians (13 - 18 years) with a mean adherence to vegetarianism of 3.2 years. All antioxidant vitamins are significantly higher in vegetarians as compared with omnivores, with suprathreshold values (except vitamin A) implying a reduced risk of free radical-conditioned diseases. In omnivore children the vitamin content incl. the ratio of vitamin E/cholesterol (protection against LDL oxidation) is similar as in adolescents with the exception of a significantly higher beta-carotene level in the younger group. Only the vitamin a significantly higher beta-carotene level in the younger group. Only the vitamin with adolescents insignificantly lower coniucated fattv acid diene plasma levels. This is associated with a higher vitamin E and C concentration per unit in TAS, i.e. of direct inhibitors of lipid peroxidation reactions, but also a higher concentration of beta-carotene and vitamin A, which also cause degradation of free oxygen radicals in the initial stage of lipid peroxidation. A vegetarian diet with a significantly higher consumption of green and yellow vegetables and fruit, preference of vegetable oils and a lower intake of animal fats, as apparent from supra-thresold values of vitamin E/cholesterol, vitamin C and beta-carotene may be effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Improvement of the diet of omnivores as regards prevention of free radical diseases is essential.

• MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• karotenoidy krev   MeSH
• kyselina askorbová krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny krev   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• vitamin A krev   MeSH
• vitamin E krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Epigenetic changes are important mechanisms in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. Cytosine methylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications, mediated by DNA methyltransferases, which transfer methyl groups from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to the fifth carbon of cytosine. Various external environmental conditions can change the global hypo/hypermethylation pattern of DNA. These alterations may affect the organism's response to stress conditions. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the effects of 5-azacytidine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, and cadmium, a toxic metal and environmental pollutant, on the growth, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids), SAM, S-adenosylhomocysteine, 5'-methylthioadenosine and global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) in the green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus quadricauda. The studied species showed major differences in 5-mC content, secondary metabolite content, and antioxidant activity. Cadmium increased GSH (glutathione) content in C. reinhardtii by 60% whereas 5-azacytidine did not affect GSH. The biosynthesis of GSH in S. quadricauda in response to the stressors was the opposite. Global 5-mC content of C. reinhardtii was 1%-1.5%, and the content in S. quadricauda was 3.5%. Amount of some investigated methionine cycle metabolites (SAM, S-adenosyl homocysteine [SAH], methionine) in S. quadricauda distinctly exceeded C. reinhardtii as well. However, chlorophylls a and b, carotenoids, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and, antioxidant activity were significantly higher in C. reinhardtii than S. quadricauda. Therefore, in further studies it would be advisable to verify whether methylation of cytosine affects the expression of genes encoding certain secondary metabolites.

• MeSH
• 5-methylcytosin MeSH
• azacytidin MeSH
• Chlamydomonas reinhardtii * MeSH
• kadmium MeSH
• mikrořasy * MeSH
• Scenedesmus * MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In this study, biochemical profile of fruits of 9 Sorbus genotypes was analyzed. The content of total sugars ranged from 69.7 g/kg ('Titan') to 217.5 g/kg (Sorbus torminalis) and total organic acids from 17.7 g/kg ('Businka') to 40.2 g/kg (S. torminalis). The highest content of total anthocyanins had 'Burka' (871 mg/kg FW) and 'Businka' (856 mg/kg FW). Quercetin derivatives represented more than 95% of total flavonols. 'Alaja krupnaja' had 3.5- to 29-fold higher rutin content than other analyzed genotypes. S. torminalis fruits had the greatest diversity of isorhamnetin and kaempferol derivatives. Chlorogenic acid was the major hydroxycinnamic acid and its share was 33% to 73% of total analyzed hydoxycinnamic acid derivatives. The richest in chlorogenic acid were 'Krasavica' and 'Alaja krupnaja' fruits. Cultivar 'Businka' had the highest content of epicatechin (40.7 mg/kg) and neochlorogenic acid (1061 mg/kg). Different procyanidin oligomers were detected among flavanols in Sorbus fruits. The highest content of total flavanols was measured in 'Alaja Krupnaja' fruits. Cultivars 'Krasavica' (84.5 mg/kg) and 'Burka' (85.1 mg/kg) had 1.2- to 6.9-fold higher amount of total carotenoids. 'Businka' was highlighted as the richest in total tannin and phenolic contents (3768 mg GAE/kg) and consequently, it had the highest antioxidant activity (57.6 mM TE/kg FW). Being abundant in polyphenolics, some extracts of Sorbus genotypes, for example, 'Businka,' 'Burka,' and 'Alaja krupnaja' could serve as valuable resource of bioactive compounds to food and pharmaceutical industries.

• MeSH
• anthokyaniny analýza   MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• biflavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• flavonoly analýza   MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• karotenoidy analýza   MeSH
• katechin analýza   MeSH
• kempferoly analýza   MeSH
• kyselina chinová analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• kyselina chlorogenová analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• polyfenoly analýza   MeSH
• proantokyanidiny analýza   MeSH
• quercetin analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• Sorbus chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The impact of 2-month foliar application of cadmium, nickel and their combination (10 μM) on Tillandsia albida was studied. Cadmium caused damage of tissue but assimilation pigments were depressed in Cd+Ni variant only. Stress-related parameters (ROS and peroxidase activities) were elevated by Cd and Cd+Ni while MDA content remained unaffected. Free amino acids accumulated the most in Ni alone but soluble proteins were not influenced. Among phenolic acids, mainly vanillin contributed to increase of their sum in all variants while soluble phenols even decreased in Cd+Ni and flavonols slightly increased in Cd variants. Phenolic enzymes showed negligible responses to almost all treatments. Mineral nutrients (K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, and Zn) were not affected by metal application but N content increased. Total Cd or Ni amounts reached over 400 μg g(-1) DW and were not affected if metal alone and combined treatment is compared while absorbed content differed (ca. 50% of total Cd was absorbed while almost all Ni was absorbed). These data indicate tolerance of T. albida to foliar metal application and together with strong xerophytic morphology, use for environmental studies is recommended.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fenoly metabolismus   MeSH
• fenylalaninamoniaklyasa metabolismus   MeSH
• flavonoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium toxicita   MeSH
• karotenoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• katecholoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• nikl toxicita   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxidy metabolismus   MeSH
• Tillandsia účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study summarizes the response of cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa HKAR-19 under simulated light conditions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), PAR+UV-A (PA), and PAR+UV-A+UV-B (PAB). Exposure to UV radiation caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and total protein. In contrast, total carotene content increased significantly (P < 0.05) under PA and PAB with increasing irradiation time. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II also decreased significantly in PA and PAB radiation. We have also recorded a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity of phycocyanin under PA and PAB exposure. The phycocyanin fluorescence shifted towards shorter wavelengths (blue-shift) after 72 h of PA and PAB exposure. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased significantly in PA and PAB. Fluorescence microscopic images showed an increase in green fluorescence, indicating ROS generation in UV radiation. We have also quantified ROS generation using green and red fluorescence ratio represented as G/R ratio. A 2-6-fold increase in antioxidative enzymes activity was observed to overcome the damaging effects caused by UV stress as compared to untreated control cultures. The lipid peroxidation was assessed in terms of malondialdehyde content which increases significantly (P < 0.05) as the duration of exposure increases. These results suggest that a combined effect of PAR, UV-A, and UV-B was more deleterious than an individual one.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl a metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl * metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza * účinky záření   MeSH
• fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) metabolismus   MeSH
• fykocyanin * metabolismus   MeSH
• karotenoidy metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky záření   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku * metabolismus   MeSH
• Spirulina * účinky záření   metabolismus   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Safranal and crocin are biologically active compounds isolated from Crocus sativus L., commonly known as saffron. Clinical trials confirm that saffron has antidepressant effect, thus being a potential valuable alternative in the treatment of depression. The aim of the present study was to determine, whether systemic administration of safranal and crocin can influence the metabolic activity of CYP3A, CYP2C11, CYP2B, and CYP2A in rat liver microsomes (RLM). The experiments were carried out on male Wistar albino rats intragastrically administered with safranal (4, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day) or with intraperitoneal injections of crocin (4, 20, and 100 mg/kg/day). Our results demonstrate the ability of safranal and crocin to increase the total protein content and to change the metabolic activity of several CYP enzymes assessed as CYP specific hydroxylations of testosterone in RLM. Crocin significantly decreased the metabolic activity of all selected CYP enzymes, while safranal significantly increased the metabolic activity of CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A enzymes. Therefore, both substances could increase the risk of interactions with co-administered substances metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes.

• MeSH
• aktivace enzymů účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Crocus * MeSH
• cyklohexeny izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• jaterní mikrozomy účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• karotenoidy izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• terpeny izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Finding promising purple tea germplasm that would target new tea products for diversification and value addition boost the tea industry's economic growth. Accordingly, 10 tea germplasm viz. TRA St. 817, TRA St. 293, TRA St. 400, TRA 177/3, TRA 376/2, TRA 376/3, TRA 427/7, TRA P7, TRA P8, and TV1 were evaluated in terms of gas exchange parameters, multiplication performance, and biochemical markers such as chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin content, which are related to the purple tea quality. The investigated gas exchange and biochemical parameters revealed significant differences. Germplasm TRA St.817 was physiologically more efficient (24.7 μmol m-2 s-1), followed by TRA St. 293, exhibiting the highest net photosynthesis, water use efficiency (19.02 μmol mmol-1), carboxylation efficiency (0.73), chlorophyll fluorescence or photochemical efficiency of PSII (0.754) and mesophyll efficiency (ci/gs ratio: 2.54). Net photosynthesis was positively correlated with water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, mesophyll efficiency, and photochemical efficiency of PSII (r = 0.965**, 0.937**, 0.857**, 0.867**; P = 0.05), respectively, but negatively correlated with the transpiration ratio (r = -0.878**; P = 0.05) based on Pearson correlation analysis. The total anthocyanin content (4764.19 μg.g-1 fresh leaf weight) and carotenoid content (3.825 mg.g-1 fresh leaf weight) were highest in the TRA St.817 germplasm, followed by germplasm TRA St. 293 (2926.18 μg.g-1 FW). In contrast, total chlorophyll content was significantly low (1.779 mg.g-1 fresh weight), which is very suitable for manufacturing purple tea. The highest carotenoid concentration in TRA St. 817 was 3.825 mg.g-1 FW, followed by TRA P8 (3.475 mg.g-1 FW), favoring the formation of more volatile flavor constituents. The promising germplasm, TRA St 817, has a multiplication success rate of 91.4% through cleft grafting. The outcome reveals that TRA St.817 is a promising germplasm that can be used to make speciality teas, i.e., purple tea.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH