Locomotor activity
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Poznatky o principech vývojové kineziologie jsou využívány v oblasti léčebné rehabilitace. Pro tuto oblasti jsou rovněž formulovány.Studie poukazuje na obecnost a platnost těchto poznatků.Analyzuje sportovní pohybovou činnost aktuálně nejlepší světové závodnice v konkrétním sportovním odvětví, které svým charakterem pohybu výrazně vizuálně koresponduje s globálními lokomočními vzory. Možné včlenění obecných poznatků vývojové kineziologie do procesu vzdělávání profesionálů v tělesné výchově a sportu dává tušit možnosti profylaktického ovlivnění sportovního tréninku a zkvalitnění preventivní funkce tělesné výchovy a rekreačního sportu.
Findings on the principles of developmental kinesiology are applied in remedial physiotherapy. For this purpose they are also defined.The submitted study draws attention to the general character and validity of these findings. It analyzes the sports locomotor activity of the present best world champion in a defined sports discipline which as to the character of activity corresponds to global locomotor patterns. Possible inclusion of general findings of developmental kinesiology into the process of training professionals in physical training and sports indicates possibilities of prophylactic influencing of sports training and for improving the standard of the preventive function of physical training and recreational sports.
- MeSH
- amfetaminy MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- pohybová aktivita účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Locomotor activity is a major attribute of animals. Although this trait determines important ecological processes, such as dispersal and species interactions, the sources of its variation are not fully understood. We examined the influence of body temperature (13, 18, 23, and 28 °C) and individual identity on spontaneous locomotor activity in juvenile alpine newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, over three consecutive weeks. Locomotor activity was characterized by four parameters: distance covered, mean velocity, frequency of movements, and total activity rate (all directional and non-directional movements). Apart from total activity rate, thermal reaction norms for locomotor parameters had convex or concave curvilinear shapes. During the first trial series, i.e. across the four body temperatures that were tested, individual identity explained less variation in thermal reaction norms than during the second series. Individual means, i.e. the vertical positions of individual thermal reaction norms, were repeatable between trial series in all locomotor activity parameters but the frequency of movements. We conclude that spontaneous locomotor activity is a complex trait, which can be characterized by several parameters with varying individual repeatability and thermal dependency. This information should be considered for planning further locomotor activity experiments, conservation strategies, and modeling ectotherm responses to climate change.
- MeSH
- lokomoce * MeSH
- Salamandridae fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná teplota * MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
M(4) muscarinic receptors (M(4) MR) represent a subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors serving a substantial role in spontaneous locomotor activity regulation, cognition and modulation of cholinergic system. With increasing body of literature discussing the role of M(4) MR some controversies arose. Thus, we try here to summarize the current evidence regarding the M(4) MR, with the special focus on their role in Locomotor activity control. We review the molecular function of M(4) MR in specific brain areas implicated in locomotor regulation, and shortly in other CNS processes that could be connected to locomotor activity. We also focus on brain areas implicated in locomotor activity biorhythm changes like suprachiasmatic nucleus, subparaventricular zone posterior hypothalamic area, striatum and thalamus. Gender-related aspects and differences in locomotor activity in males and females are discussed further.
- MeSH
- hypothalamus fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokomoce fyziologie MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- mozková kůra fyziologie MeSH
- nucleus suprachiasmaticus fyziologie MeSH
- receptor muskarinový M4 fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- kinezika účinky léků MeSH
- myši MeSH
- trankvilizéry MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
19 sv.
- MeSH
- lokomoce MeSH
- nemoci pojiva MeSH
- pohybové poruchy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- revmatologie
- ortopedie
Caffeine is well known for reducing fatigue and its effect on behavior is widely studied. Usually, caffeine is not ingested in its pure form but rather in sugar-sweetened beverages such as cola. Our aim was to compare the acute effect of cola and caffeine on locomotor activity. Rats and flies ingested cola or caffeine solution for 24 hours. The open field test revealed higher locomotor activity in cola groups for both flies and rats. Surprisingly, no differences have been observed between caffeineand control group. We conclude that caffeine itself does not explain the effect of cola on locomotor activity. Effect of cola cannot be generalized and interpreted for any caffeinated drink with other contents. Rather, the observed effect on locomotor activity may be caused by interaction of caffeine with other substances present in cola.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- Drosophila melanogaster účinky léků MeSH
- kofein farmakologie MeSH
- lokomoce účinky léků MeSH
- stimulanty centrálního nervového systému farmakologie MeSH
- sycené nápoje * MeSH
- test otevřeného pole účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The goal of the present study was to investigate the daily amount of motor activity and the daily rhythm of tryptophan and serotonin in goats housed in individual boxes under a 12/12 light/dark cycle. We equipped six Girgentana breed goats with Actiwatch-Mini® (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd, UK), actigraphy-based data loggers that record a digitally integrated measure of motor activity. Also blood samples were collected at four-hour intervals over a 48 h period via an intravenous cannula inserted into the jugular vein. The concentration of tryptophan (TRP) and serotonin (5-HT) were assessed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Our results outline a diurnal pattern of motor activity and levels of tryptophan in the serum, and a nocturnal pattern of levels of serotonin in the serum, which underline the impact of endogenous serotoninergic activity on the behavioural aspects of the circadian response to light.
