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Článek online

The history of poisoning: from ancient times until modern ERA

Nepovimova, Eugenie
Autor Nepovimova, Eugenie Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
Kuca, Kamil
Autor Kuca, Kamil Faculty of Philosophy, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. kamil.kuca@uhk.cz

Archives of toxicology. 2019 ; 93 (1) : 11-24. [pub] 20180821

Arch Toxicol
ISSN 1432-0738
Medvik
Zdroj

The history of poisoning is one of the greatest chapters of the human history, where curiosity and genius, scientific discoveries and empirical knowledge intertwine with intrigues, crimes, politics, personal tragedies of notabilities, wars and natural disasters. Knowledge of toxic substances is likely as old as the mankind. In the Middle Age, Paracelsus claimed that in the world there is no non-toxic substance that the therapeutic and toxic properties of substances are indistinguishable up to a single parameter-dose. This postulate still belongs among the basic pillars of modern toxicology. Probably, the most ancient way of killing people was poisoning. In addition, the presence of poison in the body of the victim was very difficult to determine, since the symptoms of poisoning were similar to signs of certain diseases. Therefore, the criminals had a big chance to escape the punishment. Nowadays, together with development of toxicology the chance of disclosure of such crimes has increased, however, the progress in the field of design and production of toxic substances has also gone up. Within current contribution we have reviewed the most famous historical cases of poisoning from the antiquity to the present.

Článek online

Evaluation of platelet concentrates prepared from whole blood donations with collection times between 12 and 15 min: The BEST Collaborative study

Vox sanguinis. 2022 ; 117 (5) : 671-677. [pub] 20220112

Vox Sang
ISSN 1423-0410
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In many countries, whole blood (WB) donations with collection times between 12 and 15 min are not allowed to be used for platelet concentrates (PC). Since the development of guidelines, many process-related changes have been introduced. We aimed to determine the effect of WB with long collection times on PC quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five participating centres tested buffy coat (BC)-derived PC in platelet additive solution type E prepared from only WB collections lasting <12 min (control) versus similar PC including one BC from a collection lasting >12 min (study group, n = 8). One centre produced platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-derived PC from single donations (<10 or >12 min). All PC were stored at 22 ± 2°C and sampled on Days 1, 6 and 8 post-collection for in vitro quality determination. RESULTS: Average collection time was significantly longer in the study group compared to controls (8.9 ± 2.6 vs. 7.3 ± 1.3 min, p < 0.001). There were no differences in volume, platelet concentration, basal CD62P expression, soluble-CD62P and CCL5 levels, or nucleotide content between the groups. Stimulation with TRAP-6 resulted in comparable levels of cell surface CD62P. On Day 8, all PC fulfilled requirements for pH. The findings from single PRP-derived PC centre were similar. CONCLUSION: PC with one BC and single PRP derived from collections lasting >12 min had equivalent in vitro quality to controls during storage. This study provides evidence that 12-15 min donations should not be excluded for PC preparation and justifies to readdress the guidelines to <15 min instead of <12 min of collection in line with current practice in some countries.

Článek online

EMAS HRT Excellence Day

Fait, Tomáš, 1971-
Autor Autorita ORCID Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha

Praktická gynekologie. 2014 ; 18 (3) : 212-213.

ISSN 1211-6645
Medvik
Zdroj

Článek online

Re-introducing whole blood for transfusion: considerations for blood providers

Vox sanguinis. 2021 ; 116 (2) : 167-174. [pub] 20200930

Vox Sang
ISSN 1423-0410
Medvik
Zdroj

Whole blood is the original blood preparation but disappeared from the blood bank inventories in the 1980s following the advent of component therapy. In the early 2000s, both military and civilian practice called for changes in the transfusion support for massive haemorrhage. The 'clear fluid' policy was abandoned and replaced by early balanced transfusion of platelets, plasma and red cells. Whole blood is an attractive alternative to multi-component therapy, which offers reduced hemodilution, lower donor exposure and simplified logistics. However, the potential for wider re-introduction of whole blood requires re-evaluation of haemolysins, storage conditions and shelf-life, the need for leucocyte depletion/ pathogen reduction and inventory management for blood providers. This review addresses these questions and calls for research to define the optimal whole blood product and the indications for its use.

Kniha

The overnight warm hold of whole blood before processing into components

... 34S Improving the predictive value of red blood cell storage trials: lessons from the Biomedical Excellence ... ... Sandgren, and J. de Wildt-Eggen for the -- Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative ...