Cadaveric study Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Východisko:Úloha oxidu dusnatého (NO) po transplantaci kadaverózní ledviny není zatím vyjasněna. Cílem práce bylo vyšetřit produkci NO do moči u nemocných po transplantaci kadaverózní ledviny s normálním průběhem a komplikacemi (akutní rejekcí a cyklosporinovou toxicitou). Metody a výsledky. Vyšetřovali jsme produkci stabilních metabolitů NO (NO 2 - a NO 3 - ) do moči (U-NOx) u nemocných po transplantaci kadaverózní ledviny. Do studie byli zařazeni jen pacienti se standardní trojkombinací imunosupresiv – cyklosporin, azatioprim, prednison. Nemocní, kterým byla podávána jiná imunosupresiva nebo léky ovlivňující tvorbu NO (nitráty, ACEI), byli ze studie vyloučeni, stejně jako nemocní s infekčními nebo jinými závažnými komplikacemi po transplantaci. Vyšetřili jsme celkem 33 nemocných (21 mužů a 12 žen), z nichž 10 mělo po transplantaci akutní rejekci, 10 cyklosporinovou toxicitu a 13 normální průběh bez komplikací. Průměrný věk pacientů byl 50,96 ± 11,13 let. U-NOx byl vyšetřován biochemicky Griessovou reakcí každý den po transplantaci jednak ve vzorku ranní moči, jednak ve vzorku ze 24hodinového sběru za předchozí den a byl přepočítáván na 1 mmol/l močového kreatininu (U-Cr). Nalezli jsme nižší hladiny U-NOx/U-Cr u nemocných s akutní rejekcí během posledních 2 dnů před jejím vznikem oproti nemocným s normálním průběhem (p<0,05). Rozdíl mezi skupinami pacientů s cyklosporinovou toxicitou a normálním průběhem nebyl nalezen. Hladiny U-NOx byly negativně závislé (p<0,01) na hladinách sérového kreatininu (S-Cr), ale nezávislé na hladinách cyklosporinu A v krvi. Závěr. Studie prokazuje snížení produkce U-NOx do moči v posledních 2 dnech před rejekcí štěpu transplantované ledviny. Hladiny U-NOx u nemocných s cyklosporinovou toxicitou zůstávají nezměněny. U-NOx/U-Cr by se v budoucnu mohl stát neinvazivním markerem rejekce.
Background. The role of nitric oxide (NO) after cadaveric renal graft transplantation has not been yet fully clarified. The aim of our study was to examine NO production into the urine of patients following cadaveric renal graft transplantation with a normal course and complications (acute rejection and cyclosporin toxicity). Methods and Results. Production of stabile NO metabolites (NO 2 - and NO 3 - ) into urine (U-NOx) was examined in recipients of cadaveric renal transplantation. Only patients with standard triple immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporin, azathioprine, prednisone) were include into the study. Patients receiving other immunosuppressive agents or drugs affecting NO formation (nitrates, ACE inhibitors) were excluded from the study, as were those with infectious or other serious post-transplant complications. Overall, we examined 33 patients (21 men and 12 women), with acute rejection and cyclosporin-induced toxicity in ten each, and a normal course with no complications in 13. The mean age of the patients was 50.96 _ 11.13 years. U-NOx was examined by biochemistry using Griesse reaction every day after transplantation both in a morning urine sample and in a sample from 24-hour collection over the preceding day and calculated to 1 mmol/l of urinary creatinine (U-Cr). The levels of U-NOx/U-Cr in patients with acute rejection over the past 2 days before its development were lower compared with those in patients with a normal course (p_0.05). No difference was found between the groups of patients with cyclosporin-induced toxicity and a normal course. The levels of U-NOx were inversely correlated (p_0.01) to the levels of serum creatinine (S-Cr), but did not correlate with the blood levels of cyclosporin A. Conclusions.The study demonstrated a decrease in urinary U-NOx production within the past 2 days before renal transplant rejection. The levels of U-NOx in patients with cyclosporin-induced toxicity remain unaltered. U-NOx/U- Cr could possibly become a non-invasive marker of rejection.
Transplantace ledvin ze zemřelých dárců se staly rutinní léčbou selhání ledvin. Akutní selhání štěpu nebo časná rejekce po transplantaci je zřejmě způsobena mnoha faktory, mezi které patří i vlastnosti dárce kadaverózního orgánu. Ve studii bylo vyšetřeno 35 dárců kadaverózní ledviny, 17 dárců s dg. smrti mozku jako důsledek kraniocerebrálního poranění (skupina D1) a 18 dárců s dg. smrti mozku netraumatické etiologie, skupina D2. Z vyhodnocení demografických údajů vyplývá, že dárci D1 mají nižší průměrný věk než dárci D2 a je mezi nimi více mužů. S vědomím nízkého počtu dárců jsme zjistili vyšší počet akutních rejekcí štěpu od dárců D2. U všech dárců orgánů jsme zjistili vyšší hodnoty B lymfocytů, pravděpodobně v důsledku zvýšení IL-6, dále vyšší zastoupení membránového i solubilního receptoru pro IL-2 v séru. Přítomnost receptorů zřejmě souvisí s obecnou aktivací imunitního systému SIRS.
Kidney transplantation from cadaveric donors has become a routine treatment of renal failure. Acute graft failure or early rejection after transplantation seems to be multifactorial. In our study we hypothesized that one of the factors influencing the outcome in the status of organ harvested from the cadaveric donor. We evaluated 35 donors of cadaveric kidney; 17 donors with brain death following head-brain injury (group D1) and 18 donors with brain death of non-traumatic etiology (group D2). The donors in D1 were younger than donors in D2 group, with more men in D1 group. With respect to the small number of cadavers included in the study, we found higher incidence of acute rejection from donors in group D2. In all donors we found higher count of B lymphocytes probably due to increase in IL-6 level. We also observed higher serum level of membrane and soluble receptor for IL-2. The presence of receptors could be ascribed to general activation of immune system – SIRS.
Úvod: Cílem retrospektivní studie bylo zjistit osud příjemcůù orgánů získaných od dárce, který měl diagnózu primárního tumoru mozku a zhodnotit, zda doššlo k přenosu maligního onemocnění. Soubor a metodika: Z celkového počtu 2 048 zemřelých dárců orgánù v České republice v letech 1986-1998 byl u 42 (2,1 %) příčinou smrti mozku primární tumor mozku. V jednom případě pitva prokázala metastázu bronchogenního karcinomu v mozku a diagnóza primárního tumoru CNS byla chybná. Celkem 92 orgánů (79 ledvin, 4 srdce, 5 jater, 3 slinivky břišní a 1 plíce) od dárcù s dg. tumoru mozku bylo transplantováno 89 příjemcům. Výsledky: šest příjemců orgánů zemřelo bezprostředně po transplantaci, jedenáct v pozdějším období po transplantaci. Přesto, že u dvou z nich byla příčinou smrti malignita (generalizace gynekologického tumor a bronchogenního karcinomu), přøenos nebyl pravděpodobný. V obou případech byl u dárce potvrzen meningeom. Závěr: V souboru 89 příjemcù, kteří dostali orgán od 42 dárců s dg. tumor CNS, jsme ani v jednom případě nezaznamenali přenos maligního onemocnění.
Introduction: We conducted a retrospective study designed to monitor the fate of recipients of organs from donors with a CNS tumor to establish whether or not the malignancy got transferred. Material and methods: A total of 2,048 cadaveric organ donors were indicated for organ harvesting in the Czech Republic in the 1986–1998 period; in 42 (2.1%), the cause of the brain death was a CNS tumor. In one case, autopsy showed metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma so the diagnosis of a CNS tumor was erroneous! A total of 92 organs (79 kidneys, 4 hearts, 5 livers, 3 pancreases, and 1 lung) were transplanted to 89 recipients. Results: Six recipients died immediately after transplantation, eleven recipients died in the late post-transplant period; of this number, two died due to malignancy (generalization of gynaecological carcinoma and bronchogenic carcinoma). Conclusion: In a group of 42 donors with the diagnosis of a CNS tumor, no malignancy transmission was demonstrated in 89 recipients.
- MeSH
- dárci tkání MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přežití tkáně MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- transplantace ledvin statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- získávání tkání a orgánů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to describe the fixation site of the anchor of the Ajust mid-urethral minisling. METHODS: This cadaveric study was based on a group of 11 formalin-embalmed bodies with legs positioned in 30° flexion and 30° abduction, and a group of five fresh-frozen bodies with legs positioned as normal during the procedure. The groups were later compared. The fixation site was dissected and described. The distance to the obturator bundle was considered as the primary safety parameter. To compare the groups of fresh-frozen bodies and formalin-embalmed bodies, the Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test were used. RESULTS: In the group of formalin-embalmed bodies the mean distance from the anchoring device to the obturator nerve was 4.23 cm. In 19 cases out of 22 the anchor was within the complex of the obturator membrane and obturator muscles. In the group of fresh frozen bodies the mean distance to the obturator nerve was 3.15 cm. In 9 cases out of 10 the anchor was in the complex of the obturator membrane and obturator muscles. CONCLUSION: The distance from the anchor to the obturator nerve was more than 2 cm in all cases. Correct placement in the obturator membrane was achieved in 65.6 % of cases. In 87.5 % of cases the anchor was placed within the complex of obturator membrane and obturator muscles.
- MeSH
- balzamování MeSH
- disekce MeSH
- implantace protézy metody MeSH
- kryoprezervace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- nervus obturatorius anatomie a histologie MeSH
- pánev anatomie a histologie MeSH
- polohování pacienta MeSH
- retence protézy * MeSH
- suburetrální pásky * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The vascular supply to the neck and body of the pancreas is highly variable. The dorsal pancreatic artery is the dominant artery feeding this area. The aim of this study was to describe the vascular supply of postresection pancreatic remnants after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Patients with hazardous anatomical arrangement may be at a higher risk of postresection remnant ischemia and postoperative pancreatic fistula development. METHODS: The modified Whipple procedure was performed on 20 cadaveric donors. The macroscopic anatomical supply of the postresection pancreatic remnant of each donor was evaluated. RESULTS: The arterial supply of the postresection remnant was highly variable. In 30% of cases (6/20), the dorsal pancreatic artery was cut during the pancreatoduodenectomy or it was missing. In these cases, the area of the pancreaticojejunostomy construction was fed only through anastomoses between the transverse pancreatic artery and the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery. CONCLUSIONS: In 30% of cases, the arterial supply of the postresection pancreatic remnant was dependent on inconstant intraparenchymal arterial anastomoses. These patients may be at a higher risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula development.
- MeSH
- arterie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- pankreas chirurgie MeSH
- pankreatická píštěl * etiologie MeSH
- pankreatoduodenektomie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pooperační komplikace etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Although the variability of the upper limb arteries is a clinically important problem, the prevalence is varying across the existing studies and classification is rather complicated, not well established and sometimes even unclear for simple and direct understanding and usage. Multiple case reports appearing in the last years apply incorrect, inappropriate, and sometimes misleading terminology. We performed an anatomical cadaveric study of the variability of the arteries of the upper limb, namely, the axilla, arm, and forearm, in 423 upper limbs embalmed with classical formaldehyde method (Central European population). We proposed to apply the Equality system based on the common trunks for denomination of the axillary artery branches principal variations: Truncus subscapulocircumflexus (22.9%), truncus profundocircumflexus (13.75%), and truncus bicircumflexus (13.95%). Further, we proposed the terminology system developed by Rodríguez-Niedenführ et al. for the free upper limb principal arterial trunk variations based on the origin, location (in the arm only, or in the arm and forearm), and course (related to the forearm flexor muscles) of the involved artery: Arteria brachialis superficialis (9.5%), arteria brachioradialis superficialis (6.4%), arteria brachioulnaris superficialis (1.9%), arteria brachiomediana superficialis (0.5%), and arteria comitans nervi mediani manus (3.3%). Extensive development of the catheterization methods via the arteria radialis et ulnaris as well as surgical procedures using flaps based on perforating branches of these arteries (including arteria brachioradialis superficialis et brachioulnaris superficialis) necessitate thorough data on prevalence of the variant vessels for safe performance of these procedures to prevent any unexpected situations or to react adequately in such.
- MeSH
- anatomické modely MeSH
- arteria axillaris MeSH
- arteria brachialis MeSH
- axila krevní zásobení MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- horní končetina MeSH
- kardiologie klasifikace MeSH
- katetrizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- paže krevní zásobení MeSH
- předloktí krevní zásobení MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Neurosurgery has traditionally been overtly focused on the study of anatomy and functions of cortical areas with microsurgical techniques aimed at preserving eloquent cortices. In the last two decades, there has been ever-increasing data emerging from advances in neuroimaging (principally diffusion tensor imaging) and clinical studies (principally from awake surgeries) that point to the important contribution of white matter tracts (WMT) that influence neurological function as part of a brain network. Major scientific consortiums worldwide, currently working on this human brain connectome, are providing evidence that is dramatically altering the manner in which we view neurosurgical procedures. The development of the telencephalic flexure, a major landmark during the human embryogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS), severely affects the cortical/subcortical anatomy in and around the sylvian fissure and thus the different interacting brain networks. Indeed, the telencephalic flexure modifies the anatomy of the human brain with the more posterior areas becoming ventral and lateral and associative fibers connecting the anterior areas with the previous posterior ones follow the flexure, thus becoming semicircular. In these areas, the projection, association, and commissural fibers intermingle with some WMT remaining curved and others longitudinal. Essentially the ultimate shape and location of these tracts are determined by the development of the telencephalic flexure. Five adult human brains were dissected (medial to lateral and lateral to medial) with a view to describing this intricate anatomy. To better understand the 3D orientation of the WMT of the region we have correlated the cadaveric data with the anatomy presented in the literature of the flexure during human neuro-embryogenesis in addition to cross-species comparisons of the flexure. The precise definition of the connectome of the telencephalic flexure is primordial during glioma surgery and for disconnective epilepsy surgery in this region.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH