Cd2+ Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- antigeny CD2 metabolismus MeSH
- podskupiny B-lymfocytů imunologie MeSH
- prasata imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is mainly a T cell-medicated autoimmune disease with non-scarring hair loss and limited treatment options. Of these, the patchy-type alopecia areata (AAP) is the most common and relatively easy to treat due to smaller areas of the scalp affected. To understand the pathogenesis of AAP and explore the therapeutic target, we focus on the molecular signatures by comparing AAP and normal subjects. METHODS: The gene expression profile (GSE68801) was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between AAP patients and normal controls using the GEO2R. Then the Gene ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed for DEGs. RESULTS: A total of 185 DEGs were identified, including 45 up-regulated genes and 140 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated DEGs were related to the immune response and chemokine signaling pathway. Meanwhile, down-regulated DEGs were enriched in keratin filament and intermediate filament. Subsequently, the top 10 hub genes were picked out in the PPI network, among them, CD2 showed the highest connectivity degree and central roles. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the CD2 may be a new therapeutic target for AAP. Further study is needed to explore the value of CD2 in the treatment of alopecia areata.
Switches from the lymphoid to myeloid lineage during B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) treatment are considered rare and thus far have been detected in MLL-rearranged leukemia. Here, we describe a novel BCP-ALL subset, switching BCP-ALL or swALL, which demonstrated monocytosis early during treatment. Despite their monocytic phenotype, 'monocytoids' share immunoreceptor gene rearrangements with leukemic B lymphoblasts. All swALLs demonstrated BCP-ALL with CD2 positivity and no MLL alterations, and the proportion of swALLs cases among BCP-ALLs was unexpectedly high (4%). The upregulation of CEBPα and demethylation of the CEBPA gene were significant in blasts at diagnosis, prior to the time when most of the switching occurs. Intermediate stages between CD14(neg)CD19(pos)CD34(pos) B lymphoblasts and CD14(pos)CD19(neg)CD34(neg) 'monocytoids' were detected, and changes in the expression of PAX5, PU1, M-CSFR, GM-CSFR and other genes accompanied the switch. Alterations in the Ikaros and ERG genes were more frequent in swALL patients; however, both were altered in only a minority of swALLs. Moreover, switching could be recapitulated in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Although children with swALL respond slowly to initial therapy, risk-based ALL therapy appears the treatment of choice for swALL. SwALL shows that transdifferentiating into monocytic lineage is specifically associated with CEBPα changes and CD2 expression.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD2 imunologie MeSH
- buněčný rodokmen MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monocyty patologie MeSH
- multiplexová polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- pre-B-buněčná leukemie imunologie patologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- reziduální nádor MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
Porcine γδ T cells have two levels of TCRγδ expression. Whereas TCRγδ(med) cells are mostly CD2(+)CD8(-) and CD2(+)CD8(+), TCRγδ(hi) cells are highly enriched for CD2(-)CD8(-). This distribution is independent of bacterial colonization and it is already established in the thymus prior to export of γδ cells to the periphery. Sorting and cultivation experiments revealed that CD2(-)CD8(-) γδ cells are unable to acquire CD2 and CD8, whereas CD2(+) subsets can gain or loose CD8. There is also differential susceptibility for proliferation between CD2(+) and CD2(-) γδ cells. Although CD2(-)CD8(-) almost do not proliferate, proliferation of CD2(+)CD8(-) and CD2(+)CD8(+) is substantial. Population of CD2(-) γδ cells is also absent in CD1(+) immature thymocytes. Additionally, subpopulations of CD2(+) and CD2(-) γδ cells in the thymus differ in expression of auxiliary surface molecules such as CD25, CD45RA/RC, and MHC class II. Moreover, TCRγδ(hi) cells can generate TCRγδ(med) cells but never the opposite. The only exception is the thymus, where a few TCRγδ(med) cells can be induced to TCRγδ(hi) but only under IL-2 influence. The repertoire of TCRδ is polyclonal in all subsets, indicating that there is the same extent of diversification and equal capability of immune responses. Results collectively indicate that CD2 expression determines two lineages of γδ cells that differ in many aspects. Because CD2(-) γδ cells are missing in the blood of humans and mice but are obvious in other members of γδ-high species such as ruminants and birds, our findings support the idea that circulating CD2(-) γδ T cells are a specific lineage.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD1 genetika imunologie MeSH
- antigeny CD2 genetika imunologie MeSH
- antigeny CD8 genetika imunologie MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace imunologie MeSH
- buněčný rodokmen imunologie MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- interleukin-2 imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- receptory antigenů T-buněk gama-delta genetika imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty - podskupiny cytologie imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- thymocyty cytologie imunologie MeSH
- thymus cytologie imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antigeny CD2 MeSH
- B-lymfocyty MeSH
- Bacteria MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- imunitní systém MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- T-lymfocyty MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie genetika MeSH
- antigeny CD2 metabolismus MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- trans-aktivátory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transkripční faktor Ikaros genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
Východisko. V priebehu fyziologického starnutia dochádza k zmenám v imunitnom systéme na viacerých úrov- niach. Cieľom našej práce bolo porovnať schopnosť spontánnej znovuobnovy vybraných diferenciačných antigénov na lymfocytoch periférnej krvi po ich predchádzajúcej trypsinizácii v skupine zdravých osôb vyššieho a dospelého veku. Metódy a výsledky. Vyšetrili sme 24 dospelých osôb (19 - 59 rokov) a 36 starších osôb (60 - 90 rokov). Izolované lymfocyty periférnej krvi sme trypsínovali a následne inkubovali v kultivačnom médiu. Sledovali sme schopnosť spontánnej znovuobnovy diferenciačných antigénov CD2, CD4, CD8 a CD45RA. Antigén CD2 sa ani v jednej zo sledovaných skupín neobnovil na pôvodné hodnoty. Avšak rozdiel medzi jeho expresiou na lymfocytoch pred trypsínovaním a na lymfocytoch po 16-hodinovej inkubácii bol u starších osôb vyšší 16% (p < 0,001) ako v skupine dospelých osôb 7% (p < 0,01). Znovuobnova antigénu CD4 bola v oboch sledovaných skupinách skoro rovnaká. Počet CD8+ T-lymfocytov bol u starších ľudí nižší (p < 0,05), spontánna znovuobnova antigénu CD8 sa nelíšila medzi vyšetrovanými skupinami a v oboch prípadoch dosiahla východzie hodnoty. Antigén CD45RA sa u starých osôb obnovoval pomalšie, rozdiel medzi skupinami bol na hranici štatistickej významnosti (p < 0,0595). Závery. Z našich výsledkov vyplýva, že v priebehu fyziologického starnutia dochádza k zníženiu schopnosti spontánnej znovuobnovy antigénov CD2 a CD45RA, ale nie antigénov CD4 a CD8. Doposiaľ neexistuje jednoznač- né vysvetlenie prečo k tejto zmene dochádza, pravdepodobne bude podmienená viacerými faktormi. Skúmanie týchto zmien a snaha o ich ovplyvnenie môže napomôcť k pochopeniu starnutím podmienenej imunologickej dysregulácie, jej dôsledkov a prípadného terapeutického ovplyvnenia.
Background. During physiological ageing changes of the immune system take place at several levels. The objective of the submitted work was to compare the ability of spontaneous restoration of selected differentiation antigens on lymphocytes in the peripheral blood stream after previous trypsin treatment in a group of healthy elderly and adult subjects. Methods and Results. Twenty-four adults were examined (19 - 59 years) and 36 elderly subjects (60 - 90 years). Isolated lymphocytes from the peripheral blood stream were treated with trypsin and then incubated in a cultivation medium. The authors investigated the capacity of restoration of differentiation antigens CD2, CD4, CD8 and CD45RA. Antigen CD2 was not restored in any of the investigated groups to original levels. However the difference between its expression on lymphocytes before trypsin treatment and on lymphocytes after 16-hour incubation was higher in the elderly subjects 16% (p < 0.001) than in the group of adults 7% (p < 0.01). Restoration of antigen CD4 was in both investigated groups almost equal. The number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes was in elderly people lower (p < 0.05), spontaneous restoration of antigen CD8 did not differ among the investigated groups and reached in both instances the baseline value. Antigen CD45RA was restored more slowly in elderly subjects, the difference between groups was at borderline of statistical significance (p < 0.0595). Conclusion. From the results ensues that during physiological ageing the ability of spontaneous restoration of antigens CD2 and CD45RA declines but not of antigens CD4 and CD8. So far there is no unequivocal explanation why this change occurs, it is probably conditioned by several factors. Investigation of these changes and an attempt to influence them can help to understand age-conditioned immunological dysregulation, its consequences and the possibility to influence them by treatment.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD2 MeSH
- antigeny CD4 MeSH
- antigeny CD45 MeSH
- antigeny CD8 MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty fyziologie MeSH
- trypsin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- antigeny CD2 MeSH
- antigeny CD8 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- systémový lupus erythematodes farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- trypsin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
