The known challenge of underutilization of data and biological material from biorepositories as potential resources for medical research has been the focus of discussion for over a decade. Recently developed guidelines for improved data availability and reusability-entitled FAIR Principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability)-are likely to address only parts of the problem. In this article, we argue that biological material and data should be viewed as a unified resource. This approach would facilitate access to complete provenance information, which is a prerequisite for reproducibility and meaningful integration of the data. A unified view also allows for optimization of long-term storage strategies, as demonstrated in the case of biobanks. We propose an extension of the FAIR Principles to include the following additional components: (1) quality aspects related to research reproducibility and meaningful reuse of the data, (2) incentives to stimulate effective enrichment of data sets and biological material collections and its reuse on all levels, and (3) privacy-respecting approaches for working with the human material and data. These FAIR-Health principles should then be applied to both the biological material and data. We also propose the development of common guidelines for cloud architectures, due to the unprecedented growth of volume and breadth of medical data generation, as well as the associated need to process the data efficiently.

• MeSH
• banky biologického materiálu * organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• databáze faktografické normy   MeSH
• důvěrnost informací normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• šíření informací metody   MeSH
• směrnice jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

There is great need for coordination around standards and best practices in neuroscience to support efforts to make neuroscience a data-centric discipline. Major brain initiatives launched around the world are poised to generate huge stores of neuroscience data. At the same time, neuroscience, like many domains in biomedicine, is confronting the issues of transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. Widely used, validated standards and best practices are key to addressing the challenges in both big and small data science, as they are essential for integrating diverse data and for developing a robust, effective, and sustainable infrastructure to support open and reproducible neuroscience. However, developing community standards and gaining their adoption is difficult. The current landscape is characterized both by a lack of robust, validated standards and a plethora of overlapping, underdeveloped, untested and underutilized standards and best practices. The International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility (INCF), an independent organization dedicated to promoting data sharing through the coordination of infrastructure and standards, has recently implemented a formal procedure for evaluating and endorsing community standards and best practices in support of the FAIR principles. By formally serving as a standards organization dedicated to open and FAIR neuroscience, INCF helps evaluate, promulgate, and coordinate standards and best practices across neuroscience. Here, we provide an overview of the process and discuss how neuroscience can benefit from having a dedicated standards body.

• MeSH
• neurovědy * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: The EURO-NMD Registry collects data from all neuromuscular patients seen at EURO-NMD's expert centres. In-kind contributions from three patient organisations have ensured that the registry is patient-centred, meaningful, and impactful. The consenting process covers other uses, such as research, cohort finding and trial readiness. RESULTS: The registry has three-layered datasets, with European Commission-mandated data elements (EU-CDEs), a set of cross-neuromuscular data elements (NMD-CDEs) and a dataset of disease-specific data elements that function modularly (DS-DEs). The registry captures clinical, neuromuscular imaging, neuromuscular histopathology, biological and genetic data and patient-reported outcomes in a computer-interpretable format using selected ontologies and classifications. The EURO-NMD registry is connected to the EURO-NMD Registry Hub through an interoperability layer. The Hub provides an entry point to other neuromuscular registries that follow the FAIR data stewardship principles and enable GDPR-compliant information exchange. Four national or disease-specific patient registries are interoperable with the EURO-NMD Registry, allowing for federated analysis across these different resources. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, the Registry Hub brings together data that are currently siloed and fragmented to improve healthcare and advance research for neuromuscular diseases.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuromuskulární nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• vzácné nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Článek shrnuje vybrané poznatky k problematice férovosti kriminalistické rekognice (identifikace očitým svědkem). Stručně se věnuje historii zkoumání této problematiky. Zaměřuje se na důležité aspekty férovosti, jimiž je přítomnost pachatele v rekognici a roli popisu pachatele při vytváření rekognice. Věnuje se experimentálnímu ověření kroků vytváření rekognice a v závěru také způsobům výpočtu férovosti rekognice.

Criminalistic recognition is a very important source of information in the criminal proceedings, but it can be a source of many mistakes. It involves a recognition of the previously perceived object by the identifying person, with the aim of identifying the object. Identifying a person as one of its forms is very interesting from a psychological point of view, and a deeper understanding of the factors that appear throughout the process contributes to the prevention of erroneous procedures. The article deals with one of these effects, the so-called line-up fairness. A fair line-up exposes the suspect to be identified by the ratio: 1 / number of subjects. Unfair lineup increases the possibility of his / her identification, regardless of his / her guilt. The suspect involved in the line-up need not be the perpetrator. The article summarizes the history of this phenomenon, deals with the research of line-up fairness from the psychological point of view, focuses on the key variables of line-up fairness, introduces the procedure of creating a fair lineup and brings information about calculating the line-up fairness. Among the principles that Anglo-Saxon practice regards as key to the line-up fairness there are: the use of a sufficient number of recruits who are similar in physical appearance to the extent that the suspect’s identity is not obvious to the identifying person. While sufficient is meant in England eight, in the US six people. In the Czech Republic, the minimum required is three foils. Fillers should be at least five and no more than eight. Given the diversity of facial and body features in general, it is problematic to specify clearly the degree of similarity and how to build optimally a fair line-up.

• MeSH
• kriminologie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * klasifikace   MeSH
• rozpoznávání identity MeSH
• zločin psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

V předkládaném článku představujeme přehled současných studií zabývajících se agresí u dětí a mládeže v kontextu sportu. Sport představuje významné socializační prostředí, ve kterém může být agresivní chování jak podporováno, tak i žádoucím způsobem regulováno. Důležitou roli hraje zejména sociální mikroklima obklopující sportující mládež, dále charakter sportu a požadavky, které jsou v rámci provozování těchto sportů na mladé sportovce kladeny. Rozhodující vliv má především kultura a normy daného sportu. Důraz na soutěž, vítězství za každou cenu a užívání násilí jako prostředku k dosažení úspěchu mohou přispívat k vyšší úrovni agresivního chování nejen ve sportu, ale i mimo sportovní kontext. Naopak důraz na sebekontrolu a fair play u sportujících dětí a mládeže i u jejich nejbližšího sociálního okolí může pozitivně přispívat k redukci nežádoucí agrese ve sportu i v běžném životě.

In the article we present an overview of contemporary research concerned with aggression in children and youth in the context of sport. Sport represents an important social environment in which aggressive behavior may be either encouraged or regulated. Especially social and motivational climate, culture and norms of the sport and expectations towards young athletes seem to play a crucial role. Emphasizing the competition, victory at all cost and using aggression as a means of achieving success may support aggressive behavior in and outside the context of sport. On the other hand, when the norms of the sport stress the importance of self-control and fair play, it may positively regulate the occurrence of aggression in children and youth both in sport and in life.

• MeSH
• agrese * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• násilí MeSH
• psychologická teorie MeSH
• psychologické jevy a procesy MeSH
• šikana MeSH
• sporty * psychologie   výchova   MeSH
• výchova dítěte psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Autorka v príspevku analyzuje niektoré problémy domácej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti, ktoré neumožňujú poskytovať ošetrovateľskú starostlivosť v takom rozsahu a kvalite, aká by bola v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky možná z hľadiska vzdelanosti sestier a stupňa rozvoja ošetrovateľstva. Hodnotí realizáciu jedného zo štyroch základných etických princípov, ktoré vymedzujú poskytovanie zdravotnej starostlivosti, a to princíp spravodlivosti. V spojitosti s agentúrami domácej ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti (ADOS) si položila niekoľko otázok. Je starostlivosť prostredníctvom ADOS pre pacienta dostupná? Má pacient možnosť slobodného výberu ADOS? Akú úroveň kvality ADOS poskytujú? Analýzou situácie zistila, že dostupnosť tejto starostlivosti je vymedzená predovšetkým ekonomickými ukazovateľmi, čo môže byť a často aj je v rozpore s etickými princípmi. Úroveň kvality ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti posudzuje z troch aspektov: štruktúry, procesu a výsledku. V rámci štruktúry sa zameriava na financovanie ADOS, administratívu, manažement a zariadenie a hmotné vybavenie. Pri komparácii legislatívneho rámcu so súčasným stavom starostlivosti prostredníctvom ADOS poukazuje na rozpory, ktoré sa prejavujú aj v uspokojovaní potrieb pacienta. Problémy je potrebné riešiť formou diskusie v odborných kruhoch a upozorňovaním na prekážky v uplatňovaní zákonov, ktoré určujú rozsah ošetrovateľskej praxe poskytovanej sestrou.

The author analyzes in her communication certain problems of providing the nursing care in households, which make impossible implementation of the nursing care to the extent and in the quality, which could be expected under conditions of the Slovak Republic based on the level of the education of nurses and degree of the nursing development. She assesses the implementation of one of four main ethical principles delimiting providing the nursing care: Principle of fairness. In association with agencies for providing nursing care in households (ADOS), she considered several questions. Is the nursing care mediated through the ADOS accessible to patients? Is patient able to use free choice of ADOS? What is the level of the quality of ADOS services provided? She found by analyzing the situation that the attainability of this care is particularly delimited by economic parameters, which can also frequently act against ethical principles. The level of the nursing care quality is considered based on the three aspects as follows: Structure, process and outcome. Within the scope of the structure it concerns financing of the ADOS, administration, management and equipment and material tools. In a comparison of the legislative framework with the existing state of the nursing care through the mediation of the ADOS, conflicts are stressed, which are also manifested in satisfying needs of patients. Problems should be solved by discussion in expert circles and by indicating hindrances in the implementation of laws, which determine the extent of the nursing practice provided by nurses.

• MeSH
• agentury domácí péče ekonomika   etika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• domácí ošetřování etika   metody   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče etika   trendy   MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči statistika a číselné údaje   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Korupce ve sportu a nejen v něm je v dnešní době rozšířeným jevem. Korupce ve sportu je spojena s profesionalizací sportu a stále větším množstvím peněz, které jsou nedílnou součástí komercionalizace a globalizace. Korupcí ve sportu pro účely tohoto článku rozumíme neetické projevy chování jednotlivců, nebo skupin, které jsou proti zákonům, případně i proti pravidlům daného sportu, principům fair-play a zároveň mají za cíl ovlivnění části, nebo výsledku sportovního utkání s cílem finanční nebo jiné kompenzace. Cílem tohoto článku je vysvětlit pojem korupce ve sportu a její základní metody, poukázat na největší problémy korupce ve sportu a její negativní vliv na celou sportovní obec. V článku jsou také analyzovány úmluvy a zákony týkající se korupce ve sportu na mezinárodní úrovni avevybraných evropských zemích (Německo, Slovensko, Česká republika).

Corruption in sport, and not only in sport, is a widespread phenomenon today. Corruption in sport is linked to the professionalisation of sport and the increasing amount of money that is an integral part of commercialization and globalization. For the purposes of this article, corruption in sport is understood to be unethical behaviour of individuals or groups that aims to influence some part or the outcome of a sporting match with financial or other compensation. Such behaviour is either against the law, or against the rules of the particular sport – its fair-play principles, etc. The aim of this article is to explain the concept of corruption in sport and describe its basic methods, to point out the biggest problems of corruption in sport and its negative impact on the whole sports community. The article also analyzes conventions and laws concerning corruption in sport at the international level and in selected European countries (Germany, Slovakia, Czech Republic).

The European Chemical Biology Database (ECBD, https://ecbd.eu) serves as the central repository for data generated by the EU-OPENSCREEN research infrastructure consortium. It is developed according to FAIR principles, which emphasize findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of data. This data is made available to the scientific community following open access principles. The ECBD stores both positive and negative results from the entire chemical biology project pipeline, including data from primary or counter-screening assays. The assays utilize a defined and diverse library of over 107 000 compounds, the annotations of which are continuously enriched by external user supported screening projects and by internal EU-OPENSCREEN bioprofiling efforts. These compounds were screened in 89 currently deposited datasets (assays), with 48 already being publicly accessible, while the remaining will be published after a publication embargo period of up to 3 years. Together these datasets encompass ∼4.3 million experimental data points. All public data within ECBD can be accessed through its user interface, API or by database dump under the CC-BY 4.0 license.

• MeSH
• chemické databáze * MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• software MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Nadměrné, či nechtěné ochlupení těla se stává stále významnějším společenským problémem a touha po jeho odstranění stoupá. Epilace laserem patří k nejmodernějším metodám. Poprvé byla tato metoda použita v roce 1996 a dnes je velmi rozšířená. Vede k prokazatelnému úbytku ochlupení v místě ošetření. Nejvyššího efektu je dosahováno ošetřením tmavého ochlupení u lidí světlé pleti. Je to metoda prakticky nebolestivá s minimálními nežádoucími účinky při dodržení daných bezpečnostních postupů a zásad.

Excessive or unwanted body hair is becoming a more and more important social problem, and the desire for permanent hair removal is increasing. Laser hair removal belongs to the most advanced methods. This method was used for the first time in 1996 and has become quite wide-spread. It leads to an obvious reduction of hair in the treated area. The most optimal effect can be reached in individuals with fair skin and dark hair. This method is practically painless, has minimal side effects on condition that safety procedures and principles are kept.

• Klíčová slova
• ošetření,
• MeSH
• hirzutismus etiologie   radioterapie   MeSH
• hypertrichóza etiologie   radioterapie   MeSH
• kontraindikace MeSH
• laserová terapie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odstranění ochlupení kontraindikace   metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• vlasy, chlupy účinky záření   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Purpose: To explore the knowledge of antibiotics use and resistance among medical and dental students.Methods: A 26-item online questionnaire on antimicrobial prescribing was distributed to Medical and Dental students at eight universities from the period of July to August 2020.Results: Five hundred three students completed the questionnaire; The mean age was 22.15 ± 1.99 and 66.4% were female students. The majority (91.5%) of the students were from governmental universities and (73.4%) were from medical colleges. It was found that 87% of students were not familiar with and unaware of the term antimicrobial stewardship. Overall knowledge about antibiotics identified that 30 (6%) students had good knowledge while 402 (80%) students have fair knowledge. Around 91% of the students agreed that the inappropriate use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance and that a strong understanding and knowledge of antibiotics is essential in their careers.Conclusions: To control the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, future prescribers' education related to the appropriate use of antibiotics is important. Efforts must be undertaken to educate medical and dental students about the practices of the appropriate use of antibiotics and principles of antimicrobial stewardship.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antibiotická politika * MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• studenti lékařství MeSH
• studium lékařství * MeSH
• znalosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Saudská Arábie MeSH