Proteomics of human tissues and isolated cellular subpopulations create new opportunities for therapy and monitoring of a patients' treatment in the clinic. Important considerations in such analysis include recovery of adequate amounts of protein for analysis and reproducibility in sample collection. In this study we compared several protocols for proteomic sample preparation: i) filter-aided sample preparation (FASP), ii) in-solution digestion (ISD) and iii) a pressure-assisted digestion (PCT) method. PCT method is known for already a decade [1], however it is not widely used in proteomic research. We assessed protocols for proteome profiling of isolated immune cell subsets and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Our results show that the ISD method has very good efficiency of protein and peptide identification from the whole proteome, while the FASP method is particularly effective in identification of membrane proteins. Pressure-assisted digestion methods generally provide lower numbers of protein/peptide identifications, but have gained in popularity due to their shorter digestion time making them considerably faster than for ISD or FASP. Furthermore, PCT does not result in substantial sample loss when applied to samples of 50 000 cells. Analysis of FFPE tissues shows comparable results. ISD method similarly yields the highest number of identifications. Furthermore, proteins isolated from FFPE samples show a significant reduction of cleavages at lysine sites due to chemical modifications with formaldehyde-such as methylation (+14 Da) being among the most common. The data we present will be helpful for making decisions about the robust preparation of clinical samples for biomarker discovery and studies on pathomechanisms of various diseases.

• MeSH
• formaldehyd MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteom * MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• trávení MeSH
• zalévání tkání do parafínu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Lignocellulosic waste (LW) is abundant in availability and is one of the suitable substrates for anaerobic digestion (AD). However, it is a complex solid substrate matrix that hinders the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic digestion. This study assessed various pre-treatment and post-treatments of lignocellulosic waste for anaerobic digestion benefiting from advanced P-graph and GaBi software (Thinkstep, Germany) from the perspective of cost and environmental performances (global warming potential, human toxicity, ozone depletion potential, particulate matter, photochemical oxidant creation, acidification and eutrophication potential). CaO pre-treatment (P4), H2S removal with membrane separation post-treatment (HSR MS) and without the composting of digestate is identified as the cost-optimal pathway. The biological (P7- Enzyme, P8- Microbial Consortium) and physical (P1- Grinding, P2- Steam Explosion, P3- Water Vapour) pre-treatments alternatives have lower environmental impacts than chemical pre-treatments (P4- CaO, P5- NaOH, P6- H2SO4) however they are not part of the near cost optimal solutions. For post-treatment, the near cost optimal alternatives are H2S removal with organic physical scrubbing (HSR OPS) and H2S removal with amine scrubbing (HSR AS). HSR AS has a better performance in the overall environmental impacts followed by HSR MS and HSR OPS. In general, the suggested cost-optimal solution is still having relatively lower environmental impacts and feasible for implementation (cost effective). There is very complicated to find a universal AD solution. Different scenarios (the type of substrate, the scale, product demand, policies) have different constraints and consequently solutions. The trade-offs between cost and environment performances should be a future extension of this work.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• lignin * MeSH
• odpadky - odstraňování * MeSH
• tuhý odpad MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

Anaerobic digestion (AD) serves as a promising alternative for waste treatment and a potential solution to improve the energy supply security. The feasibility of AD has been proven in some of the technologically and agriculturally advanced countries. However, development is still needed for worldwide implementation, especially for AD process dealing with municipal solid waste (MSW). This paper reviews various approaches and stages in the AD of MSW, which used to optimise the biogas production and quality. The assessed stages include pre-treatment, digestion process, post-treatment as well as the waste collection and transportation. The latest approaches and integrated system to improve the AD process are also presented. The stages were assessed in a relatively quantitative manner. The range of energy requirement, carbon emission footprint and the percentage of enhancement are summarised. Thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment is identified to be less suitable for MSW (-5% to +15.4% enhancement), unless conducted in the two-phase AD system. Microwave pre-treatment shows consistent performance in elevating the biogas production of MSW, but the energy consumption (114.24-8,040 kWeh t-1) and carbon emission footprint (59.93-4,217.78 kg CO2 t-1 waste) are relatively high. Chemical (∼0.43 kWeh m-3) and membrane-based (∼0.45 kWeh m-3) post-treatments are suggested to be a lower energy consumption approach for upgrading the biogas. The feasibility in terms of cost (scale up) and other environmental impacts (non-CO2 footprint) needs to be further assessed. This study provides an overview to facilitate further development and extended implementation of AD.

• MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• odpadky - odstraňování * MeSH
• tuhý odpad * MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• uhlíková stopa * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In this work, electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) was applied to the in-capillary tryptic digestion of proteins for proteomic purposes. Compared with classical in-solution tryptic digestion or the trypsin reactor commonly used for this purpose, the EMMA-based method is rapid, can be automated and requires only a small amount of trypsin preparation. Moreover, the protein digestion and the analysis of the resulting peptides are integrated into one procedure. A combination of the EMMA methodology with a partial filling technique was used in this study, since the pH optimum of the trypsin reaction differs strongly from the best pH for the CZE separation of peptides. In this set-up, a part of the capillary is filled with the best buffer for the tryptic digestion (50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.5) whereas the rest of the capillary is filled with the BGE optimal for peptide separation (0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 2.5). As the proteins differ in their isoelectric points, a sandwich type of injection was used. The analysed protein is thus injected between two trypsin zones, which ensures their mixing and digestion. The analysis of one protein comprising both the digestion and the peptide separation is then completed in 1 h using a commercial instrument for CE with no modifications.

• MeSH
• cytochromy c chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• inzulin chemie   MeSH
• kaseiny chemie   MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty chemie   MeSH
• proteiny chemie   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• trypsin chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A 32-year-old pregnant woman in the 25th week of pregnancy underwent oral glucose tolerance screening at the diabetologist's. Later that day, she was found dead in her apartment possibly poisoned with Chlumsky disinfectant solution (solutio phenoli camphorata). An autopsy revealed chemical burns in the digestive system. The lungs and the brain showed signs of severe edema. The blood of the woman and fetus was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and revealed phenol, its metabolites (phenyl glucuronide and phenyl sulfate) and camphor. No ethanol was found in the blood samples. Both phenol and camphor are contained in Chlumsky disinfectant solution, which is used for disinfecting surgical equipment in healthcare facilities. Further investigation revealed that the deceased woman had been accidentally administered a disinfectant instead of a glucose solution by the nurse, which resulted in acute intoxication followed by the death of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

• MeSH
• chybná zdravotní péče * MeSH
• dezinficiencia otrava   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenol krev   MeSH
• glukózový toleranční test MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• fyziologie MeSH
• gastroenterologie MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt fyziologie   MeSH
• trávicí systém MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• gastroenterologie
• fyziologie

Endoskopická extrakce cizích těles z horní části trávicího ústrojí se stala v poslední době metodou volby. v zhledem k tomu, že tato metoda může být provázena i velmi závažnými komplikacemi, které již endoskopicky vyřešit nelze a mohou pro pacienta mít i trvalé následky, je třeba indikaci k endoskopické extrakci cizích těles Z oblasti jícnu a žaludku vždy pečlivě zvážit. Pro ilustraci uvádíme příklad mladé pacientky, která spolkla nedopatřením vidličku. Pri její extrakci došlo k závažnému poranění jícnu, které bylo nutno řešit chirurgickou cestou, v diskusi jsou pak uvedena pro a proti endoskopické extrakci, jejímž hlavním mottem by mělo zůstat primům non nocere.

Endoscopic extraction of foreign bodies from the upper part of the digestive tract has become recently the method of choice. As this method can be associated with very serious complications which cannot be resolved endoscopically and which may have permanent sequelae, it is important to consider the indication of endoscopic extraction of foreign bodies from the oesophagus or stomach very carefully. Fore illustration the authors present the case of a young female patient who swallowed by mistake a fork During its extraction a serious injury ofthe oesophagus occurred which had to be treated surgically. In the discussion pros and cons of endoscopic extraction are considered, the main principle being primům non nocere.

• MeSH
• chirurgie trávicího traktu metody   MeSH
• cizí tělesa MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• endoskopie trávicího systému metody   škodlivé účinky   využití   MeSH
• gastrointestinální průchod patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Prezentujeme případ pacientky s Crohnovou nemocí po četných antirefluxních a resekčních výkonech se sekundárním postprandiálním hypoglykemickým syndromem. V rámci dumping syndromu byly přítomny četné hypoglykemické stavy a opakovaná hypoglykemická kómata. Optimálním řešením bylo zavedení intravenózního portu umožňujícího pacientce aplikaci koncentrovaných glukózových roztoků. V domácím prostředí pacientka zvládá hypoglykémie sama, hypoglykemické kóma se od zavedení portu neopakovalo.

We present a case of a female patient with Crohn's disease who underwent many various procedures for reflux and resection surgery and who suffered from secondary postprandial hypoglycemic syndrome. The patient developed frequent hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma as a part of dumping syndrome. Optimal solution was the insertion of the intravenous port permitting the administration of concentrated glucose solutions. The patient is able to manage her hypoglycemia at home self-containedly and hypoglycemic coma has not developed since the insertion of the port.

• MeSH
• chirurgie trávicího traktu škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• dumpingový syndrom patofyziologie   MeSH
• glukosa - roztok hypertonický aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hypoglykemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postprandiální období MeSH
• protézy a implantáty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• nemoci trávicího systému terapie   MeSH
• řízená tkáňová regenerace MeSH
• střevní sliznice MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• gastroenterologie

Ve zdravotnictví nacházejí stále širší uplatnění elektrochemicky aktivované dezinfekční roztoky (ECA). Kyselý ECA roztok (AEW) se používá k vyššímu stupni dezinfekce v myčkách digestivních endoskopů. Neutrální elektrolyzovaný roztok (NEW) s pH 6,0-7,0 má vlastnosti vysoce účinného dezinfekčního prostředku zařazeného mezi zdravotnické prostředky třídy IIb. Neutrální superoxidovaný roztok obsahuje oxidační činidla kyselinu chlornou HOCl a chlornanové ionty OCl-, aktivní chlor 50-500 ppm, oxidoredukční potenciál roztoku (ORP) je > 900 mV, redukční faktor je 5-7. Roztoky NEW jsou vhodné k použití na pokožku a sliznice.

Electrochemically activated disinfection solutions (ECA) have been used more and more often. Acidic ECA solution (AEW) is used for higher stages of disinfection in the washers of digestive endoscopes. Neutral electrolyzed solution (NEW) with pH 6,0 - 7,0 is a very efficient disinfectant class IIb. Neutral superoxidated solution contains oxidative substances chloride acid HOCl and chlornan ions OCl- , active chlor 50 - 500 ppm, oxireductional potential of the solution (ORP) is 900mV, reduction factor is 5 - 7. NEW solutions are suitable for use on skin and mucosa.

• Klíčová slova
• řízená elektrolýza, superoxidované roztoky, použití ve zdravotnictví,
• MeSH
• dezinfekce MeSH
• elektrolýza využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH