Inheritance
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Databáze MIM vznikala postupně v 60. letech minulého století a její internetová podoba je k dispozici od roku 1985. V roce 1998 vyšlo poslední tištěné vydání o třech svazcích. Původní náplní databáze byly informace o jednoduše dědičných poruchách, která však díky rozvoji poznání lidského genomu rozšířila svůj obsah na celý jaderný i mimojaderný genom a zařadila i chorobné stavy se složitou dědičností a epigenetické zásahy do funkce lidského genomu. Stala se nepostradatelnou pomůckou pro genetiky a stává se stále užitečnější i pro ostatní medicínské obory. Obdiv k této zřejmě nejvíce oceňované aktivitě prof.V. A. McKusicka by ovšem neměl zastínit i jeho ostatní aktivity, například jeho podíl na Evropské škole lékařské genetiky, kterou již dvacet let v několika specializovaných bězích ročně pořádá v Itálii prof. Giovanni Romeo (se stručnou biografií prof. V. A. Kusicka).
McKusick's database MIM has grown since its early beginning in sixties to 1985 when the online version (OMIM) appeared. The last edition of three volumes was printed in 1998. It has become a very valuable tool for all geneticists, and also clinicians of other disciplines started using it as a source of important information. The original limitation to disorders with mendelian inheritance has been step by step broken down, all components of human genome and also genes without known function and their epigenetic changes have been included. It was a pleasure for all of us to congratulate to McKusick's honorary degree obtained this year by the oldest European university in Bologna (with a short biography).
3. vyd. 738 s.
Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica, ISSN 0300-8827 suppl. no. 298, vol. 71, December 2000
46 s. : tab., grafy ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- ortopedické výkony MeSH
- ortopedie MeSH
- osteoartróza genetika MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Island MeSH
- Konspekt
- Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
- NLK Obory
- ortopedie
BACKGROUND: The presence of mitochondria is a distinguishing feature between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is currently accepted that the evolutionary origin of mitochondria coincided with the formation of eukaryotes and from that point control of mitochondrial inheritance was required. Yet, the way the mitochondrial presence has been maintained throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle remains a matter of study. Eukaryotes control mitochondrial inheritance mainly due to the presence of the genetic component; still only little is known about the segregation of mitochondria to daughter cells during cell division. Additionally, anaerobic eukaryotic microbes evolved a variety of genomeless mitochondria-related organelles (MROs), which could be theoretically assembled de novo, providing a distinct mechanistic basis for maintenance of stable mitochondrial numbers. Here, we approach this problem by studying the structure and inheritance of the protist Giardia intestinalis MROs known as mitosomes. RESULTS: We combined 2D stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to show that mitosomes exhibit internal segmentation and conserved asymmetric structure. From a total of about forty mitosomes, a small, privileged population is harnessed to the flagellar apparatus, and their life cycle is coordinated with the maturation cycle of G. intestinalis flagella. The orchestration of mitosomal inheritance with the flagellar maturation cycle is mediated by a microtubular connecting fiber, which physically links the privileged mitosomes to both axonemes of the oldest flagella pair and guarantees faithful segregation of the mitosomes into the daughter cells. CONCLUSION: Inheritance of privileged Giardia mitosomes is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle. We propose that the flagellar system controls segregation of mitochondrial organelles also in other members of this supergroup (Metamonada) of eukaryotes and perhaps reflects the original strategy of early eukaryotic cells to maintain this key organelle before mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics cycle as observed in Metazoa was established.
The considerable genome size variation in Arabidopsis thaliana has been shown largely to be due to copy number variation (CNV) in 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Surprisingly, attempts to map this variation by means of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) failed to identify either of the two likely sources, namely the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs). Instead, GWAS implicated a trans-acting locus, as if rRNA gene CNV was a phenotype rather than a genotype. To explain these results, we investigated the inheritance and stability of rRNA gene copy number using the variety of genetic resources available in A. thaliana - F2 crosses, recombinant inbred lines, the multiparent advanced-generation inter-cross population, and mutation accumulation lines. Our results clearly show that rRNA gene CNV can be mapped to the NORs themselves, with both loci contributing equally to the variation. However, NOR size is unstably inherited, and dramatic copy number changes are visible already within tens of generations, which explains why it is not possible to map the NORs using GWAS. We did not find any evidence of trans-acting loci in crosses, which is also expected since changes due to such loci would take very many generations to manifest themselves. rRNA gene copy number is thus an interesting example of "missing heritability"-a trait that is heritable in pedigrees, but not in the general population.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis genetika MeSH
- genetické lokusy MeSH
- genová dávka MeSH
- inbreeding MeSH
- křížení genetické MeSH
- organizátor jadérka genetika MeSH
- rekombinace genetická genetika MeSH
- repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální genetika MeSH
- rostlinné geny * MeSH
- typy dědičnosti genetika MeSH
- variabilita počtu kopií segmentů DNA genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- dějiny lékařství MeSH
- lékařství MeSH
- literatura MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- O autorovi
- Charvát, Josef, 1897-1984 Autorita
