Májek, Michal*
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The orthogonality of three columns coupled in two series was studied for the congener specific comprehensive two-dimensional GC separation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A non-polar capillary column coated with poly(5%-phenyl-95%-methyl)siloxane was used as the first ((1)D) column in both series. A polar capillary column coated with 70% cyanopropyl-polysilphenylene-siloxane or a capillary column coated with the ionic liquid 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium)dodecane bis(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide were used as the second ((2)D) columns. Nine multi-congener standard PCB solutions containing subsets of all native 209 PCBs, a mixture of 209 PCBs as well as Aroclor 1242 and 1260 formulations were used to study the orthogonality of both column series. Retention times of the corresponding PCB congeners on (1)D and (2)D columns were used to construct retention time dependences (apex plots) for assessing orthogonality of both columns coupled in series. For a visual assessment of the peak density of PCBs congeners on a retention plane, 2D images were compared. The degree of orthogonality of both column series was, along the visual assessment of distribution of PCBs on the retention plane, evaluated also by Pearson's correlation coefficient, which was found by correlation of retention times t(R,i,2D) and t(R,i,1D) of corresponding PCB congeners on both column series. It was demonstrated that the apolar+ionic liquid column series is almost orthogonal both for the 2D separation of PCBs present in Aroclor 1242 and 1260 formulations as well as for the separation of all of 209 PCBs. All toxic, dioxin-like PCBs, with the exception of PCB 118 that overlaps with PCB 106, were resolved by the apolar/ionic liquid series while on the apolar/polar column series three toxic PCBs overlapped (105+127, 81+148 and 118+106).
The fusion genes containing neuregulin-1 (NRG1) are newly described potentially actionable oncogenic drivers. Initial clinical trials have shown a positive response to targeted treatment in some cases of NRG1 rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic carcinoma. The cost-effective large scale identification of NRG1 rearranged tumors is an open question. We have tested a data-drilling approach by performing a retrospective assessment of a de-identified molecular profiling database of 3263 tumors submitted for fusion testing. Gene fusion detection was performed by RNA-based targeted next-generation sequencing using the Archer Fusion Plex kits for Illumina (ArcherDX Inc., Boulder, CO). Novel fusion transcripts were confirmed by a custom-designed RT-PCR. Also, the aberrant expression of CK20 was studied immunohistochemically. The frequency of NRG1 rearranged tumors was 0.2% (7/3263). The most common histologic type was lung adenocarcinoma (n = 5). Also, renal carcinoma (n = 1) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (n = 1) were found. Identified fusion partners were of a wide range (CD74, SDC4, TNC, VAMP2, UNC5D), with CD74, SDC4 being found twice. The UNC5D is a novel fusion partner identified in prostate adenocarcinoma. There was no co-occurrence with the other tested fusions nor KRAS, BRAF, and the other gene mutations specified in the applied gene panels. Immunohistochemically, the focal expression of CK20 was present in 2 lung adenocarcinomas. We believe it should be considered as an incidental finding. In conclusion, the overall frequency of tumors with NRG1 fusion was 0.2%. All tumors were carcinomas. We confirm (invasive mucinous) lung adenocarcinoma as being the most frequent tumor presenting NRG1 fusion. Herein novel putative pathogenic gene fusion UNC5D-NRG1 is described. The potential role of immunohistochemistry in tumor identification should be further addressed.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom genetika patologie MeSH
- antigeny diferenciační B-lymfocytární genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- membránový protein 2 asociovaný s vezikuly genetika MeSH
- MHC antigeny II. třídy genetika MeSH
- nádory plic genetika patologie MeSH
- nádory prostaty genetika patologie MeSH
- neuregulin-1 genetika MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- syndekan-4 genetika MeSH
- tenascin genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) declines among subjects aged 50 years and above. An opposite trend appears among younger adults. In Europe, data on CRC incidence among younger adults are lacking. We therefore aimed to analyse European trends in CRC incidence and mortality in subjects younger than 50 years. DESIGN: Data on age-related CRC incidence and mortality between 1990 and 2016 were retrieved from national and regional cancer registries. Trends were analysed by Joinpoint regression and expressed as annual percent change. RESULTS: We retrieved data on 143.7 million people aged 20-49 years from 20 European countries. Of them, 187 918 (0.13%) were diagnosed with CRC. On average, CRC incidence increased with 7.9% per year among subjects aged 20-29 years from 2004 to 2016. The increase in the age group of 30-39 years was 4.9% per year from 2005 to 2016, the increase in the age group of 40-49 years was 1.6% per year from 2004 to 2016. This increase started earliest in subjects aged 20-29 years, and 10-20 years later in those aged 30-39 and 40-49 years. This is consistent with an age-cohort phenomenon. Although in most European countries the CRC incidence had risen, some heterogeneity was found between countries. CRC mortality did not significantly change among the youngest adults, but decreased with 1.1%per year between 1990 and 2016 and 2.4% per year between 1990 and 2009 among those aged 30-39 years and 40-49 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: CRC incidence rises among young adults in Europe. The cause for this trend needs to be elucidated. Clinicians should be aware of this trend. If the trend continues, screening guidelines may need to be reconsidered.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- kolorektální nádory epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití trendy MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- předpověď * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Od ledna 2009 přejde dosavadní oportunní screening karcinomu děložního hrdla v ČR na organizovanou formu a přijme mezinárodně zavedená pravidla kontroly kvality. Česká republika tak začne naplňovat svůj závazek vůči ženám ve smyslu doporučení Rady Evropské unie z 2. 11. 2003, podle kterého mají členské státy unie implementovat populační programy prevence zhoubných nádorů prsu, tlustého střeva a konečníku a děložního hrdla. Rada doporučuje sběr dat o preventivních vyšetřeních, následujících diagnostických procedurách a konečných diagnózách. Na základě těchto dat má být monitorován screeningový proces a zjištěné výsledky mají být zpřístupněny odborné i široké veřejnosti. Tento článek uvádí nový informační systém a datový audit pro hodnocení výkonnosti a kvality screeningového programu. Screening karcinomu děložního hrdla v České republice disponuje vysoce robustním informačním zázemím, které zajišťuje plně elektronický a automatizovatelný přenos dat. Snižuje se tak zátěž při pořizování dat a roste kontrolovatelnost celého systému. Součástí informačního systému je i analytická sumarizace populačních dat, která je základem sledování změn v incidenci a mortalitě cervikálního karcinomu.
From January 2009 the current opportunistic screening of cervical cancer will move into an organized form of screening and will accept internationally established rules of quality control. In this way the Czech Republic will start to meet its commitment to women in terms of recommendations of the European Union Council valid as of November 2nd, 2003, according to which Member States should implement EU population programs for prevention of breast, colon and rectum, and cervical cancers. The Council recommends collection of data on preventive examinations, following diagnostic procedures and final diagnoses. Based on these data the screening process should be monitored and its results should be made available to both professional and general publics. This article provides new information system and a data audit to assess the performance and quality of this screening program. In the Czech Republic cervical cancer screening disposes of a highly robust information base that provides a fully electronic and automatable data transfer. The burden of data acquisition is thus been reduced and accountability of the system is increasing. Analytical summarization of population data, which is the basis for monitoring of changes in incidence and mortality due to cervical cancer, is part of this information system too.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- biologie buňky trendy MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- diagnostické techniky porodnicko-gynekologické normy využití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku diagnóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- plošný screening metody normy využití MeSH
- revize kvality lékařské péče metody normy MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is the primary quality indicator for colonoscopies. The polyp detection rate (PDR) is available from administrative data and does not depend on histology verification. The correlation between PDR and ADR and the ADR/PDR conversion factor in preventive colonoscopies were evaluated. In the prospective study, asymptomatic individuals aged 45-75 years with preventive colonoscopy in 2012-2016 were included. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess PDR/ADR for each endoscopist. Conversion factor predicting ADR from PDR was obtained by linear regression and subsequently compared with adenoma to polyp detection rate quotient. One thousand six hundred fourteen preventive colonoscopies performed by 16 endoscopists in 8 screening colonoscopy centres in the Czech Republic were analysed. Correlation between PDR and ADR in all preventive colonoscopies was high and statistically significant (Rs 0.82; P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between PDR and ADR in men (Rs 0.74; P = 0.002) and in screening colonoscopies (Rs 0.85; P < 0.001). The conversion factor to convert ADR from PDR was 0.72 in all preventive colonoscopies, 0.76 in FOBT+ colonoscopies and 0.67 in screening colonoscopies. ADR may be replaced by PDR in the assessment of colonoscopy quality. The value of the conversion factor varies according to colonoscopy indication and gender of examined individuals; in this Czech study, it was 0.72 in all preventive colonoscopies. The minimum requested ADR of 25 % corresponds to a PDR of 35 %, when converted with the appropriate conversion factor.
- MeSH
- adenom diagnóza epidemiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- administrativní požadavky na zdravotní péči statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kolon diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kolonoskopie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kolorektální nádory diagnóza epidemiologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plošný screening metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- polypy tlustého střeva diagnóza epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- střevní sliznice diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most common inherited metabolic disorder characterized by high cholesterol and if left untreated leads to premature cardiovascular disease, such as heart attacks. Treatment that begins early in life, particularly in childhood, is highly efficacious in preventing cardiovascular disease and cost-effective, thus early detection of FH is crucial. However, in Europe, less than 10% of people living with FH are diagnosed and even less receive life-saving treatment. The Prague Declaration is a call to action for national and European Union policymakers and decision-makers and a result of the Czech EU Presidency meeting on FH Paediatric Screening (early detection of inherited high cholesterol) at the Czech Senate in Prague on 6th September 2022. It builds on a considerable body of evidence which was discussed at the Technical Meeting under the auspices of the Slovenian EU Presidency in October 2021. The Prague meeting addressed the outstanding barriers to the systematic implementation of FH paediatric screening across Europe. In this article, we present the key points from the Prague meeting and concrete actions needed to move forward.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Hodnocení kvality a efektivity zdravotní péče je nedílnou součástí moderního zdravotnictví, nelze jej však provádět bez dostatečně podrobných zdrojů dat popisujících jednotlivé segmenty péče. V situaci, kdy narážíme na značnou heterogenitu a nedostatečnou standardizaci nemocničních informačních systémů, je třeba maximálně využít již existující parametrické zdroje dat. V případě české onkologické péče jsou to především Národní onkologický registr ČR, klinické registry České onkologické společnosti České lékařské společnosti J. E. Purkyně, registry screeningových programů zhoubných nádorů a administrativní data plátců zdravotní péče. Jejich spojením lze získat velmi komplexní a podrobný pohled na prevenci, diagnostiku a léčbu nádorových onemocnění v ČR. K naplnění tohoto cíle, tedy integrovanějšímu a komplexnějšímu využití národních registrů, statistických zjišťování a administrativních dat, je ale nutné plně využít a aplikovat platný legislativní rámec, zejména ustanovení zákona č. 372/2011 Sb. Klíčová slova: hodnocení zdravotní péče – informační systém – klinický registr – legislativa – populace – zhoubný nádor
Evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of health care is an integral part of modern health care. It can only be performed with sufficiently detailed data sources describing each segment of care. In case of significant heterogeneity and lack of standardization of hospital information systems it is necessary to fully exploit existing parametric data sources. The valid systems for Czech cancer care: the National Cancer Registry, clinical registries of Czech Society for Oncology of the Czech Medical Association of J.E. Purkyne, registries of screening programs and administrative data form healthcare payers. From these registries we can obtain a very complex and detailed view on prevention, diagnosis and cancer treatment in the Czech Republic. To achieve this goal, which means more integrated and comprehensive utilization of national registries, surveys and administrative data, it is necessary to fully utilize and apply the current legislative framework, in particular provision of the Act no. 372/2011 Sb. Key words: clinical registry – evaluation of health care – information system – legislation – malignant tumor – population
- Klíčová slova
- klinický registr,
- MeSH
- databáze jako téma MeSH
- informační systémy * organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lékařská onkologie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory MeSH
- plošný screening MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- sběr dat metody využití MeSH
- výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
- zdravotní péče - kvalita, dosažitelnost a hodnocení * MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- zdravotnické přehledy metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- pacienti statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- poskytování zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- prognóza * MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tomografie emisní počítačová * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH