Mean effect time
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x, 260 s. : il. ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- farmakoterapie MeSH
- filosofie lékařská MeSH
- placebo efekt MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmakoterapie
... Fitting of Sinusoids 11 -- 2.3 Multiple Periodicities 17 -- 2.4 Orthogonality of Sinusoids 19 -- 2.5 Effect ... ... of Discrete Time: Aliasing 21 -- 2.6 Some Statistical Results 23 -- Appendix 24 -- 3 The Search for ... ... a Filter -- 7.4 Least Squares Filter Design -- 7.5 Demodulating the Sunspot Series -- 7.6 Complex Time ... ... Series Theory 167 -- 9.1 Stationary Time Series 167 -- 9.2 Continuous Spectra 173 -- 9.3 Time Averaging ... ... and Ensemble Averaging 175 -- 9.4 Periodogram and Continuous Spectra 176 -- 9.5 Approximate Mean and ...
Wiley series in probability and statistics
2nd ed. xiv, 261 s. : il.
AIMS: In the IN-TIME trial, automatic daily implant-based multiparameter telemonitoring significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with chronic systolic heart failure and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). We compared IN-TIME results for ICD and CRT-D subgroups. METHODS: Patients with LVEF ≤ 35%, NYHA class II/III, optimized drug treatment, no permanent atrial fibrillation, and a dual-chamber ICD (n = 274) or CRT-D (n = 390) were randomized 1:1 to telemonitoring or no telemonitoring for 12 months. Primary outcome measure was a composite clinical score, classified as worsened if the patient died or had heart failure-related hospitalization, worse NYHA class, or a worse self-reported overall condition. RESULTS: The prevalence of worsened score at study end was higher in CRT-D than ICD patients (26.4% vs. 18.2%; P = 0.014), as was mortality (7.4% vs. 4.1%; P = 0.069). With telemonitoring, odds ratios (OR) for worsened score and hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were similar in the ICD [OR = 0.55 (P = 0.058), HR = 0.39 (P = 0.17)] and CRT-D [OR = 0.68 (P = 0.10), HR = 0.35 (P = 0.018)] subgroups (insignificant interaction, P = 0.58-0.91). CONCLUSION: Daily multiparameter telemonitoring has a potential to reduce clinical endpoints in patients with chronic systolic heart failure both in ICD and CRT-D subgroups. The absolute benefit seems to be higher in higher-risk populations with worse prognosis.
- MeSH
- defibrilátory implantabilní * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití trendy MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- příčina smrti trendy MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční resynchronizační terapie metody MeSH
- systolické srdeční selhání mortalita patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- telemedicína metody MeSH
- tepový objem fyziologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo MeSH
Cíl: Cílem studie je vyhodnotit opakovatelnost měření neinvazivního break-up time (NIBUT) keratografem při jeho stanovení z jednoho, dvou či třech dílčích měření a doporučit pro praxi vhodnou metodiku. Dalším cílem je ověřit, zda opakovaná měření neovlivňují měřenou hodnotu. Materiál a metodika: Do studie bylo zařazeno 38 zdravých dobrovolníků (30 žen a 8 mužů) ve věku od 19 do 50 let, u každého bylo měřeno vždy jen jedno oko. Studie byla koncipována jako prospektivní. Po 15minutové adaptaci na podmínky vyšetřovny podstoupil každý účastník dvě série měření NIBUT (test, retest) na keratografu OCULUS 3. Minimální časový odstup obou sérií byl 10 minut, každá série obsahovala tři dílčí měření v odstupu přibližně 3 minuty. Výsledný NIBUT byl v každé sérii stanoven (A) jako první hodnota v dané sérii, (B) jako průměr prvních dvou nebo (C) všech tří měření v dané sérii. Opakovatelnost byla hodnocena Bland-Altmanovou analýzou a vyjádřena koeficientem opakovatelnosti. Sledován byl vždy pouze čas prvního roztržení slzného filmu. Výsledky: Statistická analýza neprokázala statisticky signifikantní rozdíly jak mezi dílčími měřeními NIBUT v jednotlivých sérií (p = 0,92, p = 0,81), tak při porovnání všech šesti měření (p = 0,95). Průměrné hodnoty dílčích měření se pohybovaly od 13,6 s do 14,4 s. Pro postupy A, B a C byly zjištěny koeficienty opakovatelnosti (po řadě) 15,0 s, 12,1 s a 10,0 s. Doplňující analýza pro 12 očí s nízkým NIBUT (< 10 s) prokázala statisticky signifikantně lepší opakovatelnost v této skupině, a to s koeficienty 7,0 s (metodika A), 6,0 s (B) a 4,6 s (C) . Závěr: Stanovení NIBUT ze tří po sobě jdoucích měření (s dostatečným, ideálně několikaminutovým odstupem) významně zlepšuje opakovatelnost. Přitom takto opakovaná měření NIBUT nemají významný vliv na měřenou hodnotu. Uvedenou metodiku měření NIBUT na keratografu lze doporučit pro použití v praxi.
Aim: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the repeatability of noninvasive break-up time (NIBUT) measurement by keratograph when it is determined from one, two or three partial measurements, and to recommend a suitable methodology for practice. Another goal is to verify that repeated measurements do not affect the measured value. Material and Methods: Thirty-eight healthy volunteers (30 women and 8 men) aged between 19 and 50 years old were included in the study, in which only one eye of each volunteer was measured. The study was designed as a prospective one. Each subject adapted to the local conditions of the laboratory for 15 minutes and subsequently underwent two series of NIBUT measurements (test, retest) on an OCULUS 3 Keratograph. The minimum time interval between the two series was 10 minutes, in which each series contained three partial measurements approximately 3 three measurements in the given series. Repeatability was assessed by a Bland-Altman analysis and expressed as a repeatability coefficient. In every case, only the time of the first break-up of the tear film was monitored. Results: The statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences both between partial measurements of NIBUT in the individual series (p = 0.92, p = 0.81) and when comparing all six measurements (p = 0.95). The mean values of the partial measurements ranged from 13.6 s to 14.4 s. The repeatability coefficients were found to be 15.0 s, 12.1 s and 10.0 s for methodologies A, B and C, respectively. A supplementary analysis for 12 eyes with low NIBUT (< 10 s) showed statistically significantly better repeatability in this group, with coefficients of 7.0 s (methodology A), 6.0 s (B) and 4.6 s (C). Conclusion: Determination of NIBUT from three consecutive measurements (with a sufficient interval of ideally a few minutes) significantly improves repeatability. Such repeated NIBUT measurements do not have a significant effect on the measured value. The mentioned methodology for measuring NIBUT on a keratograph can be recommended for use in practice.
- Klíčová slova
- slzný film, break-up time test, opakovatelnost měření, keratograf OCULUS 3,
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky oftalmologické * klasifikace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rohovka diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie patologie MeSH
- syndromy suchého oka * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Experimental and computational studies emphasize the role of the millisecond precision of neuronal spike times as an important coding mechanism for transmitting and representing information in the central nervous system. We investigate the spike time precision of a multicompartmental pyramidal neuron model of the CA3 region of the hippocampus under the influence of various sources of neuronal noise. We describe differences in the contribution to noise originating from voltage-gated ion channels, synaptic vesicle release, and vesicle quantal size. We analyze the effect of interspike intervals and the voltage course preceding the firing of spikes on the spike-timing jitter. The main finding of this study is the ranking of different noise sources according to their contribution to spike time precision. The most influential is synaptic vesicle release noise, causing the spike jitter to vary from 1 ms to 7 ms of a mean value 2.5 ms. Of second importance was the noise incurred by vesicle quantal size variation causing the spike time jitter to vary from 0.03 ms to 0.6 ms. Least influential was the voltage-gated channel noise generating spike jitter from 0.02 ms to 0.15 ms.
- MeSH
- akční potenciály fyziologie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- hipokampus fyziologie MeSH
- hluk MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely neurologické MeSH
- nervový přenos MeSH
- neurony metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- pyramidové buňky fyziologie MeSH
- software MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- vápníkové kanály metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sunitinib is a broad-spectrum multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor mainly used as second-line therapy for non-resectable gastrointestinal stromal or first-line treatment option of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and as an "off-label" option in pediatric oncology. It has been previously reported that sunitinib elevates the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) in treated subjects. The aim of this study was to assess time-dependent changes of this effect and evaluate its possible clinical relevance. In this study, 179 adult and 21 pediatric patients with solid tumors treated with sunitinib were retrospectively analyzed. The laboratory and treatment-related data were collected for each treatment period. The regression model with a broken-line relationship was used to fit time dependence of the MCV. In the adult group, the MCV was increasing during the first 21.6 weeks (median) of treatment in a median level of 99.8 fL, where it stabilized. MCV increase was faster in the patients who suffered from treatment-related adverse events (21.3 vs. 24.6 weeks, p = 0.010). In the pediatric cohort, the MCV dynamics were similar to adults. In conclusion, MCV changes during sunitinib treatment in pediatric and adult patients may be of clinical utility in monitoring sunitinib treatment course.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- erytrocytární znaky MeSH
- indoly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory ledvin * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- protinádorové látky * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pyrroly škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sunitinib farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pohyblivost je považována za jednu ze základních složek celkové tělesné zdatnosti a pohybových schopností. Jedná se o rozsah pohybu končetin. Problému dlouhodobých účinků statického protahování, konkrétně trvání, frekvence a míry se doposud nevěnovala dostatečná pozornost. Jen několik studií se zabývá vlivem doby působení protahování na pohyblivost kloubů. Cílem tohoto šetření proto bylo porovnat účinky šesti-týdenního opakovaného protahování skupiny svalů zadní strany stehna po dobu 10 nebo 30 sekund u mladých žen. V šetření byla použita metoda pretestu a posttestu experimentální skupiny. Celkem se výzkumu zúčastnilo 25 dobrovolnic (průměrný věk = 20.32 ± 1.10 rok). 14 žen provádělo pasivní statické protahování po dobu 10 sekund a ostatní po 30 sekund technikou zvedání natažené nohy. Před zahájením šetření a po šesti týdnech protahování byla zjištěna pohyblivost kloubů měřením rozsahu pohybu kolena. Data byla analyzována pomocí testů Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test a Man-Whitney Test (alpha = .05). Bylo zjištěno, že rozdíly ve výsledcích pretestu a posttestu skupiny, která prováděla cvičení 10 sekund, byly statisticky významné (p< .05). Výsledky byly dále zpracovány a diskutovány. Byl učiněn závěr, že statické protahování po dobu 10 sekund bylo účinnější pro zvýšení pohyblivosti kloubů.
Flexibility has long been considered as an essential component of overall physical fitness and motor skill performance. It is the range of motion through which the limbs are able to move. There are not a lot of studies searching long term effects of static stretching duration, frequency and volume. Limited number of studies have conducted to investigate the effects of stretch time exertion on joint flexibility. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to compare effects of six-weeks of repeated static stretching of hamstring muscles group for 10 seconds or 30 seconds among young females. In order to explore this, a pre-test and post-test experimental group design was conducted. Total number of 25 subjects (mean age = 20.32 ± 1.10 years) were voluntarily participated in the study. 14 of them exercised passive static stretching for 10 seconds and rest of them stretched for 30 seconds with straight-leg-raising technique. Before and after six weeks of stretching period, joint flexibility was determined by measuring knee extension range of motion. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Man-Whitney Test (alpha = .05). The results of the study revealed that the differences between pre-test and post-test of 10 seconds group were statistically significant (p< .05). The results were further elaborated and discussed. To sum up 10 seconds of static stretching was more effective in terms of increasing joint flexibility.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to compare the duration of corrective surgery for scoliosis in relation to the intra-operative use of either fluoroscopic or CT navigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The indication for surgery was adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in younger patients and degenerative scoliosis in middleage or elderly patients. In a retrospective study, treatment outcomes in 43 consecutive patients operated on between April 2011 and April 2014 were compared. Only patients undergoing surgical correction of five or more spinal segments (fixation of six and more vertebrae) were included. RESULTS Transpedicular screw fixation of six to 13 vertebrae was performed under C-arm fluoroscopy guidance in 22 patients, and transpedicular screws were inserted in six to 14 vertebrae using the O-arm imaging system in 21 patients. A total of 246 screws were placed using the C-arm system and 340 screws were inserted using the O-arm system (p < 0.001). The procedures with use of the O-arm system were more complicated and required an average operative time longer by 48% (measured from the first skin incision to the completion of skin suture). However, the mean time needed for one screw placement (the sum of all surgical procedures with the use of a navigation technique divided by the number of screws placed using this technique) was the same in both techniques (19 min). DISCUSSION With good teamwork (surgeons, anaesthesiologists and a radiologist attending to the O-arm system), the time required to obtain one intra-operative CT scan is 3 to 5 minutes. The study showed that the mean time for placement of one screw was identical in both techniques although the average operative time was longer in surgery with O-arm navigation. The 19- minute interval was not the real placement time per screw. It was the sum of all operative times of surgical procedures (from first incision to suture completion including the whole approach within the range of planned stabilization) which used the same navigation technique divided by the number of all screws inserted during the procedures. The longer average operative time in procedures using O-arm navigation was not related to taking intra-operative O-arm scans. The authors consider surgery with an O-arm imaging system to be a safer procedure and use it currently in surgical correction of scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS The study focused on the length of surgery to correct scoliosis performed using either conventional fluoroscopy (C-arm) or intra-operative CT scanning (O-arm) showed that the mean placement time for one screw was identical in both imaging techniques when six or more vertebrae were stabilised. The use of intra-operative CT navigation did not make the surgery longer, and the higher number of inserted screws provides evidence that this technique is safer and allows us to achieve good stability of the correction procedure. Key words: virtual CT guidance, O-arm, scoliosis, transpedicular screw.
- MeSH
- chirurgie s pomocí počítače přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- délka operace MeSH
- fluoroskopie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- kostní šrouby MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ortopedické fixační pomůcky * MeSH
- peroperační péče MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- skolióza diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Radon is recognized as a public health concern for indoor exposure. Precise quantification derived from occupational exposure in miners is still needed for estimating the risk and the factors that modify the dependence on cumulated exposure. The present paper reports on relationship between radon exposure and lung cancer risk in French and Czech cohorts of uranium miners (n = 10,100). Miners from these two cohorts are characterized by low levels of exposure (average cumulated exposure of less than 60 WLM) protracted over a long period (mean duration of exposure of 10 years) and by a good quality of individual exposure estimates (95% of annual exposures based on radon measurements). The modifying effect of the quality of exposure on the risk is analyzed. A total of 574 lung cancer deaths were observed, which is 187% higher than expected from the national statistics. This significantly elevated risk is strongly associated with cumulated radon exposure. The estimated overall excess relative risk per WLM is 0.027 (95% CI: 0.017-0.043, related to measured exposures). For age at exposure of 30 and 20 years since exposure, the ERR/WLM is 0.042, and this value decreases by approximately 50% for each 10-year increase in age at exposure and time since exposure. The present study emphasizes that the quality of exposure estimates is an important factor that may substantially influence results. Time since exposure and simultaneously age at exposure were the most important effect modifiers. No inverse exposure-rate effect below 4 WL was observed. The results are consistent with estimates of the BEIR VI report using the concentration model at an exposure rate below 0.5 WL.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody MeSH
- hornictví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory plic mortalita MeSH
- nádory vyvolané zářením mortalita MeSH
- obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
- pracovní expozice statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- radon analýza MeSH
- relativní biologická účinnost MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- uran analýza MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Francie MeSH