• MeSH
• Physiology MeSH
• Nervous System Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Reflex physiology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH
• Lecture MeSH
• Collected Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie
• neurovědy

OBJECTIVE: Adaptive interactions with the outer world necessitate effective connections between cognitive and executive functions. The primary motor cortex (M1) with its control of the spinal cord motor apparatus and its involvement in the processing of cognitive information related to motor functions is one of the best suited structures of this cognition-action connection. The question arose whether M1 might be involved also in situations where no overt or covered motor action is present. METHODS: The EEG data analyzed were recorded during an oddball task in one epileptic patient (19 years) with depth multilead electrodes implanted for diagnostic reasons into the M1 and several prefrontal areas. RESULTS: The main result was the finding of an evoked response to non-target stimuli with a pronounced late component in all frontal areas explored, including three loci of the M1. The late component was implicated in the evaluation of predicted and actual action and was synchronized in all three precentral loci and in the majority of prefrontal loci. CONCLUSION: The finding is considered as direct evidence of functional involvement of the M1 in cognitive activity not related to motor function. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results contribute to better understanding of neural mechanisms underlying cognition.

• MeSH
• Electroencephalography methods   MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Motor Cortex physiology   MeSH
• Photic Stimulation methods   MeSH
• Evoked Potentials, Visual physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The involvement of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in a broad spectrum of various non-motor functions - attention, executive functions, verbal learning and memory, verbal abstract reasoning, conflict resolution, and emotions - has been reported. The STN has an anatomically central position within the basal ganglia(BG)-thalamocortical motor, associative and limbic circuits. The STN might interfere with non-motor functions as an indirect modulator rather than a regulator. Mechanisms modulating the motor and non-motor functions might differ. The STN has been implicated in control of non-motor behaviors via the tuning of specific circuits depending on the task. The STN might modulate selected non-motor functions via contextual modulation of certain cortical areas. Based on intracerebral recordings, we proposed that the non-motor activities in the BG are organized in some way other than the well-known organization of the cortico-BG-thalamocortical circuits. These findings support the hypothesis of a cortico-STN bypass of the BG-thalamocortical circuitry under some circumstances. The exact role of the STN and the BG in non-motor functions remains an important and interesting challenge for future research.

• MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Subthalamic Nucleus physiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of overall, between- and within-day subjectively rated fluctuations in motor and non-motor symptoms in people with functional motor disorder (FMD) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). BACKGROUND: FMD is a complex condition characterized by fluctuating motor and non-motor symptoms that may negatively impact HRQoL. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients (54 females, mean age 45.4 ± 10.4 years) with a clinically established diagnosis of FMD, including weakness, completed symptom diaries, rating the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms (i.e., pain, fatigue, mood, cognitive difficulties) on a 10-point numerical scale three times daily for seven consecutive days. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. For the analysis, fluctuation magnitude was defined in terms of the variability in self-reported symptom scores. RESULTS: The mental component of SF-36 was jointly predicted by the overall severity scores (t(74) = -3.61, P < 0.001) and overall general fluctuations (t(74) = -2.98, P = 0.004). The physical SF-36 was found to be related only to the overall symptom severity scores (t(74) = -7.09, P < 0.001), but not to the overall fluctuations. The assessment of the impact of different components showed that the mental component of SF-36 was significantly influenced by the combined effect of average fatigue (t(73) = -3.86, P < 0.001), between-day cognitive symptoms fluctuations (t(73) = -3.22, P = 0.002), and within-day mood fluctuations (t(73) = -2.48, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the impact of self-reported symptom fluctuations across multiple motor and non-motor domains on mental but not physical HRQoL in FMD and highlighted the importance of assessing and managing fluctuations in clinical practice.

• MeSH
• Affect physiology   MeSH
• Pain psychology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Quality of Life * psychology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Movement Disorders psychology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Fatigue * psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

The modifications of electrophysiological activities of subthalamic nucleus (STN) by non-motor tasks, i.e. movement observation, emotional stimuli and impulse control, were reported repeatedly. Despite being a small structure, STN is apparently involved in a variety of functions. Based on our own electrophysiological recordings and results of other groups we believe that it acts as an indirect modulator which may be involved in tuning the functional systems. STN may modulate specific cognitive activities via contextual modulation of certain cortical areas. Our findings support the hypothesis of a cortical-STN bypass (via hyperdirect pathway) of "classical" basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry, at least during the processing of certain cognitive functions. The modulation of cognitive functions appears to be selective, probably determined by the involvement of cortical neuronal populations interconnected with STN. There could also exist a spatial overlap of areas within STN regulating various functions. That may explain the fact that some non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease may improve after deep brain stimulation of STN. These improvements are likely caused by combination of direct stimulation effect on non-motor function and overall beneficial effect of motor improvement on quality of life.

• MeSH
• Deep Brain Stimulation methods   MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Quality of Life * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Subthalamic Nucleus physiology   MeSH
• Parkinson Disease physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Movement physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Pain, fatigue, cognitive complaints and psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with functional movement disorder and may significantly affect their quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of motor and non-motor symptoms on health-related quality of life in patients with functional movement disorder. METHODS: Sixty-one patients with clinically established functional movement disorder and 61 matched healthy controls completed standardized questionnaires for depression, anxiety, cognitive complaints, fatigue, pain, sleepiness, apathy and health-related quality of life. Motor disorder severity was assessed using The Simplified Functional Movement Disorders Rating Scale. Personality traits were assessed using the 44-Item Big Five Inventory. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients reported significantly lower health-related quality of life and higher levels of all assessed non-motor symptoms except for apathy. No difference was found in personality traits. In both groups, health-related quality of life scores negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, pain, cognitive complaints, apathy, and neuroticism. No correlation was found between health-related quality of life and motor symptom severity in patients with functional movement disorder. Multiple regression analysis of the predictors of health-related quality of life showed significant impact of trait anxiety and cognitive complaints scores. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple non-motor symptoms but not motor symptom severity correlated with impaired health-related quality of life in patients with functional movement disorder. Impaired health-related quality of life was predicted by anxiety and cognitive complaints. Our results highlight the importance of assessing and treating both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with functional movement disorder.

• MeSH
• Quality of Life psychology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Movement Disorders diagnosis   psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Funkčné mapovanie mozgu charakterizuje oblasti CNS, ktoré sú zahrnuté do vizuálnych, senzitívnych, motorických, sluchových, pamäťových, rečových funkcií a pozornosti. V minulosti bolo možné určiť lokalizáciu jednotlivých funkcií mozgu pomocou invazívnych vyšetrovacích metód, napr. pomocou priamej elektrickej kortikálnej stimulácie alebo Wada testu. V súčasnosti je tendencia využívať skôr neinvazívne metódy (fMRI, TMS, PET, TCD, MEG), z ktorých každá umožňuje vyšetriť mozog z rôzneho pohľadu a na základe iného princípu. Cieľom dnešného skúmania je nájsť metódu zabezpečujúcu ideálne priestorové a časové rozlíšenie, čo by mohlo výrazne napomôcť v chápaní funkčnej organizácie mozgu.

Functional cerebral mapping characterizes areas of CNS, which are involved in visual, sensory, motor, auditory, memory, speech functions and attention. In past it was possible to determine localization of cerebral function only invasively by direct electrical cortical stimulation or Wada test. Recently there are attempts to use non-invasive methods (fMRI, TMS, PET, TCD, MEG) to investigate the brain from different point of view and principle. The aim of recent studies is to find an available method with ideal spatial and temporal resolution which could help us in better understanding of functional brain organization.

• MeSH
• Electroencephalography MeSH
• Epilepsy chemically induced   MeSH
• Convulsants MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Seizures chemically induced   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from a wide range of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits and impairment of emotional processing. The present study aimed to explore in PD patients compared to healthy adults the relationship between cognitive performance and emotional creativity (EC), defined as a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness of emotional experience. PD patients (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 40) underwent a complex neuropsychological assessment and were administrated with the self-reported Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) questionnaire. To explore the relationship between cognitive tests and the ECI, a regression analysis was conducted. PD patients and healthy controls differed significantly in the EC component Preparedness as well as in the neuropsychological test battery scores. PD patients showed lower scores in cognitive tests and a lower score in Preparedness compared to healthy adults. The output of the regression analysis showed that the extent to which the neuropsychological tests relate to the ECI components is low.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Cognition MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction * diagnosis   MeSH
• Cognition Disorders * diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Parkinson Disease * complications   diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• GABA-A Receptor Agonists MeSH
• Anticonvulsants pharmacology   chemistry   MeSH
• Quinazolines pharmacology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Motor Skills drug effects   MeSH
• Pyrrolidines pharmacology   MeSH
• Receptors, GABA-A MeSH
• Aging MeSH
• Seizures drug therapy   prevention & control   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH