BACKGROUND: Lateral plating of calcaneal fractures using variable-angle locking plates is still the golden standard for severely comminuted cases. The aim of this study is to explore the possibilities of improving stability of osteosynthesis by changing screw directions. It provides an assessment and comparison of cadaveric biomechanical experiment with retrospective radiologic data analysis. METHODS: In the cadaveric study 8 intact calcaneus-talus specimens were obtained from 4 deceased donors. Fracture type 2b according to Sanders' classification was created in each specimen and fixed with variable-angle locking plate. The specimens were divided in 2 groups differing in orientation of anterior screws and fixed in PMMA base. A push-in test was performed by a two-column testing machine until gross failure. Retrospective cohort study was performed, reviewing data of 74 patients which underwent surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures with the same construct. Evaluation was performed at scheduled CT and X-Ray controls. Direction of inserted screws and implant failure were noted. FINDINGS: The cadaveric study proved that there is no significant difference in mean failure force between two abovementioned screw configurations in Sanders 2b fracture. A significant difference was observed in initial stiffness. The radiologic retrospective study showed that difference in screw position within all fracture types but type 2b is significant. INTERPRETATION: Screw configuration in the anterior part of variable-angle locking plate appears to affect primary stiffness and stability of the construct. Particularly in more comminuted fractures, screw inserted in the direction of sustentaculum improves the stability and lowers risk of implant failure.
- MeSH
- Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Fractures, Bone * surgery diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Intra-Articular Fractures * surgery diagnostic imaging physiopathology MeSH
- Bone Plates * MeSH
- Bone Screws * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cadaver MeSH
- Calcaneus * surgery diagnostic imaging injuries MeSH
- Radiography MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Fracture Fixation, Internal * methods instrumentation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement mixed with antibiotics is used in orthopedic surgery to cope with implant-related infections which are typically associated with the formation of bacterial biofilms. Taking into account the growing bacterial resistance to current antibiotics, we examined here the efficacy of a selected antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mixed into the bone cement to inhibit bacterial adhesion and the consequent biofilm formation on its surface. In particular, we followed the formation of bacterial biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on implants made from PMMA bone cement loaded with AMP composed of 12 amino acid residues. This was evaluated by CFU counting of bacteria released by sonication from the biofilms formed on their surfaces after these implants were retrieved from the infected murine femoral canals. The AMP loaded in these model implants prevented adhesion of MRSA and the subsequent formation of MRSA biofilm on the surfaces of more than 80% of these implants, whereas biofilms did form on control implants made from the plain cement. The results of our experiments performed in the murine femoral canal indicate the potential for this murine osteomyelitis model to mimic actual operations in orthopedics.
- MeSH
- Adenosine Monophosphate MeSH
- Amino Acids MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Antimicrobial Peptides MeSH
- Biofilms MeSH
- Bone Cements MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus * MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Orthopedic Procedures * MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
PURPOSE: Antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate-based bone cement has been implemented in orthopaedics to cope with implant-related infections associated with the formation of bacterial biofilms. In the context of emerging bacterial resistance to current antibiotics, we examined the efficacy of short antimicrobial peptide-loaded bone cement in inhibiting bacterial adhesion and consequent biofilm formation on its surface. METHODOLOGY: The ability of α-helical antimicrobial peptides composed of 12 amino acid residues to prevent bacterial biofilm [methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli] formation on the surface of model implants made from polymethylmethacrylate-based bone cement was evaluated by colony-forming unit (c.f.u.) counting of bacteria released by sonication from the biofilms formed on their surfaces. The biofilms on model implant surfaces were also visualized by light microscopy after staining with tetrazolium dye (MTT) and by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: When incorporated in the implants, these peptides caused a mean reduction in the number of bacterial cells attached to implants' surfaces (by five orders of magnitude), and 88 % of these implants showed no bacterial adhesion after being exposed to growth media containing various bacteria. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the antibiofilm activity of these peptides was comparable to that of the antibiotics, but the peptides exhibited broader specificity than the antibiotics. Given the rapid development of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides show promise as a substitute for antibiotics for loading into bone cements.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Bacterial Adhesion drug effects MeSH
- Biofilms drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Bone Cements MeSH
- Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Peptides chemical synthesis pharmacology MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate MeSH
- Prostheses and Implants microbiology MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis drug effects growth & development MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
In this study 6 pre-operative designs for PMMA based reconstructions of cranial defects were evaluated for their mechanical robustness using finite element modeling. Clinical experience and engineering principles were employed to create multiple plan options, which were subsequently computationally analyzed for mechanically relevant parameters under 50N loads: stress, strain and deformation in various components of the assembly. The factors assessed were: defect size, location and shape. The major variable in the cranioplasty assembly design was the arrangement of the fixation plates. An additional study variable introduced was the location of the 50N load within the implant area. It was found that in smaller defects, it was simpler to design a symmetric distribution of plates and under limited variability in load location it was possible to design an optimal for expected loads. However, for very large defects with complex shapes, the variability in the load locations introduces complications to the intuitive design of the optimal assembly. The study shows that it can be beneficial to incorporate multi design computational analyses to decide upon the most optimal plan for a clinical case.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Finite Element Analysis * MeSH
- Models, Anatomic MeSH
- Bone Plates MeSH
- Skull diagnostic imaging injuries surgery MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Stress, Mechanical MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate chemistry MeSH
- Preoperative Period MeSH
- Titanium chemistry MeSH
- Plastic Surgery Procedures instrumentation methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Evaluation Study MeSH
Akrylátový cement se v ortopedii užívá již více než 60 let a má velmi široké využití. Jeho hlavní indikací je fixace implantátů a dočasná či trvalá výplň dutin. Kostní cement je velmi oblíbený díky kombinaci svých fyzikálních vlastností, kterými jsou dobrá tvárnost, pevnost a schopnost vylučovat antibiotika (ATB) do okolních tkání po dlouhou dobu v relativně stabilní koncentraci. Koncentrace ATB v okolí cementu je mnohonásobně vyšší, než jsou minimální inhibiční koncentrace většiny bakterií. Sérové koncentrace ATB jsou však zanedbatelné. Rychlost uvolňování ATB závisí na porozitě, homogenitě a viskozitě cementu, poměru povrchu k objemu, a hlavně na celkovém množství ATB v cementu. ATB vhodné k impregnaci cementu musí být termálně i chemicky stabilní, dostupné v práškové formě, baktericidní a širokospektré. Nesmí vyvolávat alergické reakce nebo rezistenci bakterií a dále nesmí výrazně zhoršovat mechanické vlastnosti cementu. ATB impregnovaný kostní cement se užívá k léčbě a prevenci infekce kloubní náhrady, k léčbě osteomyelitidy i infikovaných defektů měkkých tkání, k výplni kostních defektů nebo k tvorbě nitrodřeňových cementových hřebů. Hlavními komplikacemi užití ATB cementů je potenciální toxicita antibiotik, indukce antibiotické rezistence a alergická reakce. Experimentálně se ATB cement obohacuje o další látky, které modifikují jeho vlastnosti. Další materiály, které by měly stejně příznivé vlastnosti jako ATB cement, ale navíc by byly biodegradabilní, jsou předmětem intenzivního výzkumu.
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been used in orthopaedic surgery in a wide spectrum of indications. The main purpose of PMMA cement is to fix implants to the bone and to fill cavities or bone defects. Bone cement is a very successful material thanks to its perfect physical properties, such as plasticity, stability and the ability to elute antibiotics to the adjacent tissues at relatively stable rates over a long period. The concentration of antibiotics in the tissues adjacent to the antibiotic-impregnated bone cement (AIBC) is much higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations of most bacteria. On the other hand, the serum antibiotic levels remain negligible. The elution characteristics depend on cement porosity, homogeneity and viscosity as well as on the volume-to-surface ratio and total dose of antibiotics. Not every antibiotic is suitable for impregnation of PMMA cement. The ideal antibiotic has a broad antibacterial spectrum and must be bactericidal, thermally and chemically stable and available in the powder form. It must not induce allergic reactions or bacterial resistance or impair the mechanical properties of the cement. The AIBC is used in prevention and treatment of prosthetic joint infection, in treatment of osteomyelitis and infected soft tissue defects. It is a perfect material for bone defect filling or cemented intramedullary nails. The main complications of AIBC administration are possible toxicity of antibiotics, allergic reactions and induction of antibiotic resistance. There have been many experiments carried out on other substances that could be suitable for cement impregnation. These substances modify the properties of cement or the elution characteristics of antibiotics. The aim of current research is to develop a new material, which would have as good properties as PMMA cement has and would be biodegradable in addition.
- Keywords
- impregnace, porozita, tvrdnutí, cementový spacer, déza kolena,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * analysis administration & dosage chemistry pharmacokinetics classification adverse effects MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Microbial MeSH
- Arthroplasty, Replacement methods MeSH
- Prosthesis-Related Infections surgery drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Bone Diseases, Infectious surgery drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Bone Cements * chemistry pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Orthopedic Procedures methods MeSH
- Osteomyelitis surgery MeSH
- Replantation methods adverse effects MeSH
- Drug Synergism MeSH
- Tobramycin analysis administration & dosage MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
This computational study investigates the effect of shape (defect contour curvature) and bone-implant interface (osteotomy angle) on the stress distribution within PMMA skull implants. Using finite element methodology, 15 configurations--combinations of simplified synthetic geometric shapes (circular, square, triangular, irregular) and interface angulations--were simulated under 50N static loads. Furthermore, the implant fixation devices were modelled and analysed in detail. Negative osteotomy configurations demonstrated the largest stresses in the implant (275 MPa), fixation devices (1258 MPa) and bone strains (0.04). The circular implant with zero and positive osteotomy performed well with maximum observed magnitudes of--implant stress (1.2 MPa and 1.2 MPa), fixation device stress (11.2 MPa and 2.2 MPa), bone strain (0.218e-3 and 0.750e-4). The results suggest that the preparation of defect sites is a critical procedure. Of the greatest importance is the angle at which the edges of the defect are sawed. If under an external load, the implant has no support from the interface and the stresses are transferred to the fixation devices. This can endanger their material integrity and lead to unphysiological strains in the adjacent bone, potentially compromising the bone morphology required for anchoring. These factors can ultimately weaken the stability of the entire implant assembly.
- MeSH
- Finite Element Analysis MeSH
- Dental Stress Analysis MeSH
- Skull * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Stress, Mechanical MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate MeSH
- Prostheses and Implants * MeSH
- Bone-Implant Interface * MeSH
- Dental Implants * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cíl práce: Periprotetické infekce jsou závažnou komplikací totálních endoprotéz (TEP) kyčelního a kolenního kloubu. Součástí komplexního terapeutického přístupu v rámci dvojdobé reimplantace je použití spacerů (dočasné kloubní náhrady) s obsahem antibiotik. Cílem této práce bylo zhodnotit bakteriologické nálezy u vybraných pacientů s periprotetickou infekcí, u kterých byl použit komerčně připravený spacer s gentamicinem. Materiál a metodika: V letech 2008–2012 byl použit u 24 pacientů při ošetření infekce kloubní náhrady kyčelního nebo kolenního kloubu – v rámci dvojdobé reimplantace – ready-made cementový spacer s gentamicinem. K mikrobiologickému vyšetření byly z první revize odeslány všechny komponenty endoprotézy a vzorky periprotetické tkáně, v druhé době pak spacer a vzorky okolní tkáně. U šesti pacientů se zavedeným spacerem kolenního kloubu byla měřena hladinu gentamicinu v kloubní tekutině. Pacienti byli následně pravidelně sledováni. Výsledky: Výsledkem bakteriologického vyšetření byl kultivační průkaz agens v 22 případech z 24 (92 %). Nejčastěji byly vykultivovány koaguláza-negativní stafylokoky, dále byl izolován Staphylococcus aureus, korynebakteria, anaerobní bakterie a Salmonella Enteritidis, citlivých ke gentamicinu bylo 19 z 25 prokázaných agens (76 %). Kultivační vyšetření spacerů bylo pozitivní u dvou pacientů, vykultivovány byly koaguláza-negativní stafylokoky, v obou případech rezistentní ke gentamicinu. Po dobu sledování (minimálně 2 roky) pacientů nedošlo u žádného z nich k rozvoji další periprotetické infekce. Závěr: Úspěšnost reimplantací TEP kyčelního a kolenního kloubu ve dvojdobém rytmu s užitím ready-made spacerů s gentamicinem byla v našem souboru 100 %, po dobu minimálně dvou let nedošlo v našem souboru pacientů k zaznamenání dalšího periprotetického infektu. Z hodnocení nálezů bakteriologického vyšetření našeho souboru vyplývá, že ready-made spacer s gentamicinem pokrývá pouze 76 % spektra původců. Řešením by bylo použití spaceru nasyceného kombinací vankomycinu a gentamicinu, které by zajistilo antimikrobiální působení vůči všem vykultivovaným agens.
Background: Periprosthetic infection is a serious complication in total hip and knee arthroplasty. The complex therapeutic approach within two-stage reimplantation includes the use of antibiotic-impregnated spacers (temporary joint replacements). The aim of this paper was to evaluate bacteriological findings in selected patients with periprosthetic infection in whom a ready-made gentamicin-impregnated spacer was used to treat the infection. Materials and methods: Between 2008 and 2012, a ready-made, gentamicin-impregnated cement spacer was used in 24 patients to treat periprosthetic hip or knee infection within two-stage reimplantation. All components of the prosthesis and periprosthetic tissue samples were sent for microbiological examination at the first revision surgery, while at the second revision surgery, the spacer and surrounding tissue samples were sent in. In six patients with an inserted knee spacer, the level of gentamicin in the joint fluid was measured. Subsequently, the patients were regularly monitored. Results: Twenty-two (92%) of 24 patients were bacteriologically positive by culture. The most commonly detected causative agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci. Other isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, anaerobic bacteria, and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. Nineteen (76%) of 25 primary pathogens were gentamicin sensitive. Spacers from two patients were culture positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci that tested resistant to gentamicin. During the follow-up of at least two years, none of the patients developed another periprosthetic infection. Conclusion: The success rate of two-stage-reimplantation total hip and knee arthroplasty using ready-made, gentamicin-impregnated spacers was 100 % in our cohort of patients; no other periprosthetic infection was reported during the follow-up of at least two years. From the bacteriological results, it appears that the ready-made, gentamicin-impregnated spacer only covers 76 % of the range of the causative agents. The solution would be to use a spacer impregnated with a combination of vancomycin and gentamicin that would be effective against all cultured species.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Arthroplasty, Replacement * MeSH
- Bacteriological Techniques methods MeSH
- Chemoprevention methods MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative methods MeSH
- Debridement MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial analysis MeSH
- Prosthesis-Related Infections * diagnosis microbiology therapy MeSH
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Bone Cements MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Occult Blood MeSH
- Orthopedics MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate chemistry MeSH
- Postoperative Complications etiology microbiology therapy MeSH
- Orthotic Devices MeSH
- Prosthesis Design MeSH
- Joint Prosthesis microbiology MeSH
- Replantation MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cíl práce: Periprotetické infekce jsou závažnou komplikací totálních endoprotéz (TEP) kyčelního a kolenního kloubu. Součástí komplexního terapeutického přístupu v rámci dvojdobé reimplantace je použití spacerů (dočasné kloubní náhrady) s obsahem antibiotik. Cílem této práce bylo zhodnotit bakteriologické nálezy u vybraných pacientů s periprotetickou infekcí, u kterých byl použit komerčně připravený spacer s gentamicinem. Materiál a metodika: V letech 2008–2012 byl použit u 24 pacientů při ošetření infekce kloubní náhrady kyčelního nebo kolenního kloubu – v rámci dvojdobé reimplantace – ready-made cementový spacer s gentamicinem. K mikrobiologickému vyšetření byly z první revize odeslány všechny komponenty endoprotézy a vzorky periprotetické tkáně, v druhé době pak spacer a vzorky okolní tkáně. U šesti pacientů se zavedeným spacerem kolenního kloubu byla měřena hladinu gentamicinu v kloubní tekutině. Pacienti byli následně pravidelně sledováni. Výsledky: Výsledkem bakteriologického vyšetření byl kultivační průkaz agens v 22 případech z 24 (92 %). Nejčastěji byly vykultivovány koaguláza-negativní stafylokoky, dále byl izolován Staphylococcus aureus, korynebakteria, anaerobní bakterie a Salmonella Enteritidis, citlivých ke gentamicinu bylo 19 z 25 prokázaných agens (76 %). Kultivační vyšetření spacerů bylo pozitivní u dvou pacientů, vykultivovány byly koaguláza-negativní stafylokoky, v obou případech rezistentní ke gentamicinu. Po dobu sledování (minimálně 2 roky) pacientů nedošlo u žádného z nich k rozvoji další periprotetické infekce. Závěr: Úspěšnost reimplantací TEP kyčelního a kolenního kloubu ve dvojdobém rytmu s užitím ready-made spacerů s gentamicinem byla v našem souboru 100 %, po dobu minimálně dvou let nedošlo v našem souboru pacientů k zaznamenání dalšího periprotetického infektu. Z hodnocení nálezů bakteriologického vyšetření našeho souboru vyplývá, že ready-made spacer s gentamicinem pokrývá pouze 76 % spektra původců. Řešením by bylo použití spaceru nasyceného kombinací vankomycinu a gentamicinu, které by zajistilo antimikrobiální působení vůči všem vykultivovaným agens.
Background: Periprosthetic infection is a serious complication in total hip and knee arthroplasty. The complex therapeutic approach within two-stage reimplantation includes the use of antibiotic-impregnated spacers (temporary joint replacements). The aim of this paper was to evaluate bacteriological findings in selected patients with periprosthetic infection in whom a ready-made gentamicin-impregnated spacer was used to treat the infection. Materials and methods: Between 2008 and 2012, a ready-made, gentamicin-impregnated cement spacer was used in 24 patients to treat periprosthetic hip or knee infection within two-stage reimplantation. All components of the prosthesis and periprosthetic tissue samples were sent for microbiological examination at the first revision surgery, while at the second revision surgery, the spacer and surrounding tissue samples were sent in. In six patients with an inserted knee spacer, the level of gentamicin in the joint fluid was measured. Subsequently, the patients were regularly monitored. Results: Twenty-two (92%) of 24 patients were bacteriologically positive by culture. The most commonly detected causative agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci. Other isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium, anaerobic bacteria, and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis. Nineteen (76%) of 25 primary pathogens were gentamicin sensitive. Spacers from two patients were culture positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci that tested resistant to gentamicin. During the follow-up of at least two years, none of the patients developed another periprosthetic infection. Conclusion: The success rate of two-stage-reimplantation total hip and knee arthroplasty using ready-made, gentamicin-impregnated spacers was 100 % in our cohort of patients; no other periprosthetic infection was reported during the follow-up of at least two years. From the bacteriological results, it appears that the ready-made, gentamicin-impregnated spacer only covers 76 % of the range of the causative agents. The solution would be to use a spacer impregnated with a combination of vancomycin and gentamicin that would be effective against all cultured species.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents * administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Arthroplasty, Replacement * MeSH
- Bacteriological Techniques methods MeSH
- Chemoprevention methods MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative methods MeSH
- Debridement MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial analysis MeSH
- Prosthesis-Related Infections * diagnosis microbiology therapy MeSH
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Bone Cements MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Occult Blood MeSH
- Orthopedics MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate chemistry MeSH
- Postoperative Complications etiology microbiology therapy MeSH
- Orthotic Devices MeSH
- Prosthesis Design MeSH
- Joint Prosthesis microbiology MeSH
- Replantation MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Staphylococcus epidermidis isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Capsulorhexis MeSH
- Phacoemulsification * MeSH
- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections diagnosis microbiology therapy MeSH
- Lens Implantation, Intraocular MeSH
- Therapeutic Irrigation methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lens Diseases diagnosis microbiology therapy MeSH
- Eye Infections, Bacterial diagnosis microbiology therapy MeSH
- Suction methods MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate MeSH
- Postoperative Complications * MeSH
- Propionibacterium acnes isolation & purification MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Letter MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
- Keywords
- artikulované polymetylmetakrylátové spacery, PMMA spacery,
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Arthroplasty, Replacement * methods MeSH
- Debridement utilization MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- Surgical Wound Infection therapy MeSH
- Prosthesis-Related Infections * diagnosis etiology prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Infections etiology therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Device Removal MeSH
- Intraoperative Period MeSH
- Polymethyl Methacrylate * therapeutic use MeSH
- Postoperative Complications * therapy MeSH
- Knee Prosthesis adverse effects MeSH
- Replantation MeSH
- Risk MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
