Path integration is thought to rely on vestibular and proprioceptive cues yet most studies in humans involve primarily visual input, providing limited insight into their respective contributions. We developed a paradigm involving walking in an omnidirectional treadmill in which participants were guided on two sides of a triangle and then found their back way to origin. In Experiment 1, we tested a range of different triangle types while keeping the distance of the unguided side constant to determine the influence of spatial geometry. Participants overshot the angle they needed to turn and undershot the distance they needed to walk, with no consistent effect of triangle type. In Experiment 2, we manipulated distance while keeping angle constant to determine how path integration operated over both shorter and longer distances. Participants underestimated the distance they needed to walk to the origin, with error increasing as a function of the walked distance. To attempt to account for our findings, we developed configural-based computational models involving vector addition, the second of which included terms for the influence of past trials on the current one. We compared against a previously developed configural model of human path integration, the Encoding-Error model. We found that the vector addition models captured the tendency of participants to under-encode guided sides of the triangles and an influence of past trials on current trials. Together, our findings expand our understanding of body-based contributions to human path integration, further suggesting the value of vector addition models in understanding these important components of human navigation.

• MeSH
• Walking physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Orientation physiology   MeSH
• Cues MeSH
• Proprioception physiology   MeSH
• Spatial Navigation physiology   MeSH
• Models, Theoretical MeSH
• Space Perception physiology   MeSH
• Computational Biology methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Path integration (PI) is an important component of spatial navigation that integrates self-motion cues to allow the subject to return to a starting point. PI depends on the structures affected early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as the medial temporal lobe and the parietal cortex. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether PI is impaired in patients with mild AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and to investigate the role of the hippocampus, entorhinal and inferior parietal cortex in this association. METHODS: 27 patients with aMCI, 14 with mild AD and 18 controls completed eight trials of Arena Path Integration Task. The task required subjects with a mask covering their eyes to follow an enclosed triangle pathway through two previously seen places: start-place1-place2-start. Brains were scanned at 1.5T MRI and respective volumes and thicknesses were derived using FreeSurfer algorithm. RESULTS: Controlling for age, education, gender and Mini-Mental State Examination score the aMCI and AD subjects were impaired in PI accuracy on the pathway endpoint (p=0.042 and p=0.013) compared to controls. Hippocampal volume and thickness of entorhinal and parietal cortices explained separately 36-45% of the differences in PI accuracy between controls and aMCI and 28-31% of the differences between controls and AD subjects. CONCLUSIONS: PI is affected in aMCI and AD, possibly as a function of neurodegeneration in the medial temporal lobe structures and the parietal cortex. PI assessment (as a part of spatial navigation testing) may be useful for identification of patients with incipient AD.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease complications   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction complications   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Perceptual Disorders diagnostic imaging   etiology   MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Space Perception physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The dorsolateral area of the hippocampal formation of birds is commonly assumed to play a central role in processing information needed for geographical positioning and homing. Previous work has interpreted odour-induced activity in this region as evidence for an 'olfactory map'. Here, we show, using c-Fos expression as a marker, that neuronal activation in the dorsolateral area of the hippocampal formation of pigeons is primarily a response to odour novelty, not to the spatial distribution of odour sources that would be necessary for an olfactory map. Pigeons exposed to odours had significantly more neurons activated in this area of the brain than pigeons exposed to filtered air with odours removed. This increased activity was observed only in response to unfamiliar odours. No change in activity was observed when pigeons were exposed to home odours. These findings are consistent with non-home odours activating non-olfactory components of the pigeon's navigation system. The pattern of neuronal activation in the triangular and dorsomedial areas of the hippocampal formation was, by contrast, consistent with the possibility that odours play a role in providing spatial information.

• MeSH
• Olfactory Perception * MeSH
• Columbidae physiology   MeSH
• Genetic Markers MeSH
• Hippocampus physiology   MeSH
• Odorants * MeSH
• Spatial Navigation MeSH
• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Avian Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Orientation MeSH
• Attention MeSH
• Mental Recall MeSH
• Learning MeSH
• Escape Reaction MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH

• MeSH
• Hippocampus MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Problem Solving MeSH
• Space Perception MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Animals MeSH

• MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care, Integrated MeSH
• Critical Pathways MeSH
• Evidence-Based Medicine MeSH
• Publication type
• Periodical MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví

The N-PATH (Nephrology Partnership for Advancing Technology in Healthcare) program concluded with the 60th European Renal Association 2023 Congress in Milan, Italy. This collaborative initiative aimed to provide advanced training in interventional nephrology to young European nephrologists. Funded by Erasmus+ Knowledge Alliance, N-PATH addressed the global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the shortage of nephrologists. CKD affects >850 million people worldwide, yet nephrology struggles to attract medical talent, leading to unfilled positions in residency programs. To address this, N-PATH focused on enhancing nephrology education through four specialized modules: renal expert in renal pathology (ReMAP), renal expert in vascular access (ReVAC), renal expert in medical ultrasound (ReMUS) and renal expert in peritoneal dialysis (RePED). ReMAP emphasized the importance of kidney biopsy in nephrology diagnosis and treatment, providing theoretical knowledge and hands-on training. ReVAC centred on vascular access in haemodialysis, teaching trainees about different access types, placement techniques and managing complications. ReMUS recognized the significance of ultrasound in nephrology, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration and preparing nephrologists for comprehensive patient care. RePED addressed chronic peritoneal dialysis, offering comprehensive training in patient selection, prescription, monitoring, complications and surgical techniques for catheter insertion. Overall, N-PATH's strategy involved collaborative networks, hands-on training, mentorship, an interdisciplinary approach and the integration of emerging technologies. By bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, N-PATH aimed to revitalize interest in nephrology and prepare proficient nephrologists to tackle the challenges of kidney diseases. In conclusion, the N-PATH program aimed to address the shortage of nephrologists and improve the quality of nephrology care in Europe. By providing specialized training, fostering collaboration and promoting patient-centred care, N-PATH aimed to inspire future nephrology professionals to meet the growing healthcare demands related to kidney diseases and elevate the specialty's status within the medical community.

• Publication type
• Editorial MeSH

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of endovascular therapy of ruptured abdominal or iliac aneurysms on total mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the mortality of 40 patients from 2005 to 2009, when only surgical treatment was available. These results were compared with the period 2010 to 2013, when endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was assessed as the first option in selected patients. RESULTS: During 2005 to 2009, the mortality was 37.5%. From 2010 to 2013, 45 patients were treated with mortality 28.9%. Open repair was performed in 35 (77.8%) patients and EVAR in 10 (22.2%) patients. The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates of the EVAR group were 0% and 20%, respectively, and the total mortality rate was 30% during follow-up (median 11 months, range 1-42 months). The 30-day mortality in the surgical group remained unchanged, at 37.1%, and 1-year and total mortality rates were 45.7% and 51.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Following integration in the treatment algorithm, EVAR decreased total mortality in our center by 8.6%.

• MeSH
• Algorithms * MeSH
• Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal diagnosis   mortality   surgery   MeSH
• Iliac Aneurysm diagnosis   mortality   surgery   MeSH
• Aortography methods   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Blood Vessel Prosthesis MeSH
• Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation * adverse effects   instrumentation   mortality   MeSH
• Endovascular Procedures * adverse effects   instrumentation   mortality   MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care, Integrated * MeSH
• Critical Pathways MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Hospitals, University * MeSH
• Tomography, X-Ray Computed MeSH
• Aneurysm, Ruptured diagnosis   mortality   surgery   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aortic Rupture diagnosis   mortality   surgery   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Stents MeSH
• Feasibility Studies MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Enormní vytížení lékařů, péče o pacienty doprovázená rozsáhlou admini-strativou, která ubírá čas, který lze věnovat pacientovi, je natolik běžným jevem v oblasti zdravotnictví, že snaha o maximální úsporu času lékaře v oblasti administrativy je nutnou součástí všech IT služeb ve zdravotnictví. Způsobů přístupu k řešení těchto oblastí je mnoho. Příspěvek se zabývá dvěma z nich. Integrací systémů mezi sebou, kdy jeden vyvolává další systém, a integrací záznamů v systémech obsažených. První způsob integrace je ukázán na příkladu řešení v oblasti přístupu k radiologickým snímkům přímo z NIS, přestože NIS nemá modul pro tuto oblast. Druhý způsob ukazuje cestu, kterou se vydala Krajská zdravotní, a.s. při řešení přístupu k záznamům pacienta v rámci všech svých nemocnic, využívajících množství rozličných systém

Enormous workload of physicians, and the fact that providing care to patients is associated with extensive administration consuming the time that can be devoted to the patient – this is such a common phenomenon in medicine that an effort to maximize the time spared for the physician in the field of administration is a necessary part of all IT services in medicine. Many ways of approaches to seeking a solution for these issues exist. This paper discusses two of them, i.e. integration of the systems with each other where one evokes another, and integration of records contained in the systems. The first type of integration is illustrated using a solution example of accessing radiological scans directly from NIS although NIS itself has no appropriate module. The second type is indicated by the path taken by Krajská zdravotní, a.s. in an effort to resolve accessing patient records at all its hospitals, using a multitude of various systems.

• MeSH
• Information Systems MeSH
• Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems MeSH
• Hospital Information Systems MeSH
• Time Management MeSH
• Medical Informatics Applications MeSH

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food for a significant part of the world's population. The growing demand on its production can be satisfied by improving yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Knowledge of the genome sequence would aid in discovering genes and QTLs underlying these traits and provide a basis for genomics-assisted breeding. Physical maps and BAC clones associated with them have been valuable resources from which to generate a reference genome of bread wheat and to assist map-based gene cloning. As a part of a joint effort coordinated by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, we have constructed a BAC-based physical map of bread wheat chromosome arm 7DS consisting of 895 contigs and covering 94% of its estimated length. By anchoring BAC contigs to one radiation hybrid map and three high resolution genetic maps, we assigned 73% of the assembly to a distinct genomic position. This map integration, interconnecting a total of 1713 markers with ordered and sequenced BAC clones from a minimal tiling path, provides a tool to speed up gene cloning in wheat. The process of physical map assembly included the integration of the 7DS physical map with a whole-genome physical map of Aegilops tauschii and a 7DS Bionano genome map, which together enabled efficient scaffolding of physical-map contigs, even in the non-recombining region of the genetic centromere. Moreover, this approach facilitated a comparison of bread wheat and its ancestor at BAC-contig level and revealed a reconstructed region in the 7DS pericentromere.

• MeSH
• Aegilops genetics   MeSH
• Centromere genetics   MeSH
• Chromosomes, Plant genetics   MeSH
• Physical Chromosome Mapping methods   MeSH
• Genome, Plant MeSH
• Hybridization, Genetic MeSH
• Cloning, Molecular MeSH
• Triticum genetics   MeSH
• Genes, Plant MeSH
• Plant Breeding MeSH
• Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH