Q60490959
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Úvod: Mentálna anorexia (AN) je závažné psychosomatické ochorenie, ktoré sa rozvíja najmä v adolescentnom veku. Závažná nutričná deprivácia s rozvratom vnútorného prostredia a hormonálnou dysreguláciou ovplyvňujú aj hematopoézu a kostný metabolizmus. Cieľom tejto práce bolo zistiť, či existuje vzájomný vzťah medzi poruchou hematopoézy a zníženým kostným metabolizmom u dievčat s mentálnou anorexiou. Metodika: Do štúdie bolo zahrnutých 25 dievčat s AN (priemerný vek 16,2 ± 1,0 roka) a 13 zdravých dievčat s normálnou hmotnosťou (priemerný vek 16,7 ± 1,2). Krvný obraz a markery kostného metabolizmu boli vyšetrené štandardnými metódami. Denzita kostného minerálu bola vyšetrená duálnou röntgenovou absorpciometriou. Výsledky sme hodnotili štandardnými matematicko-štatistickými metódami. Výsledky: Anorektičky mali významne nižšie počty krvných buniek a hodnoty markerov kostného metabolizmu (fosfor, ALP, P1NP, osteokalcín) v porovnaní so zdravými kontrolami (p ≤ 0,05). Anorektičky mali významne nižšiu denzitu kostného minerálu (BMD) a BMD Z-skóre v proximálnej časti ľavého femuru (p ≤ 0,05) a nižší obsah kostného minerálu (BMC) pri celotelovom meraní bez zachytenia hlavy (TBLH, p ≤ 0,05). Markery kostného metabolizmu (fosfor, ALP, P1NP, osteokalcín) pozitívne korelovali s počtom leukocytov a erytrocytov (p ≤ 0,05). Celkový počet leukocytov pozitívne koreloval s BMD v proximálnej časti ľavého femuru (r = 0,34; p ≤ 0,05). Počty lymfocytov a monocytov korelovali s BMD a BMD Z-skóre vo všetkých oblastiach merania (p ≤ 0,05). Záver: Naša štúdia potvrdila vzájomný pozitívny vzťah medzi poruchou hematopoézy a poruchou kostného metabolizmu u pacientiek s AN. Zníženie počtu osteoblastov, ktoré vytvárajú podporné mikroprostredie pre hematopoetické kmeňové bunky, vedie k zníženiu počtu všetkých analyzovaných krvných buniek u dievčat s AN. Predpokladáme, že zníženie počtu osteoblastov a tým aj hematopoetických buniek u pacientok s AN súvisí so zvýšením množstva tukového tkaniva v kostnej dreni. Potvrdenie tejto hypotézy bude úlohou ďalšej štúdie. Okrem toho sú potrebné longitudinálne štúdie na zhodnotenie vplyvu zmien hmotnosti na hematopoézu a kostný metabolizmus.
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychosomatic disorder that develops especially in adolescence. Severe nutritional deprivation with disruption of the internal environment andhormonal dysregulation affects hematopoiesis and bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between hematopoiesis disruption and reduced bone metabolism in girls with AN. Methods: Twenty-five girls with AN (mean age 16.2 ± 1.0) and 13 healthy controls with normal weight (mean age 16.7 ± 1.2) were enrolled in the study. Blood counts and markers of bone metabolism were analysed using standard laboratory methods. Bone mineral density was examined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The results were evaluated by standard mathematical and statistical methods. Results: Blood cells counts and concentrations of markers of bone metabolism (phosphorus, ALP, P1NP, osteocalcin) were significantly lower in girls with AN than in healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05). The group with AN had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD Z-score in the left hip (p ≤ 0.05) and lower bone mineral content (BMC) in the total body less head measurement (TBLH, p ≤ 0.05). Bone metabolism markers (phosphorus, ALP, P1NP, osteocalcin) positively correlated with leukocyte and erythrocyte counts (p ≤ 0.05). Leukocyte count positively correlated with BMD in the left hip (r = 0.34; p ≤ 0.05). Lymphocyte and monocyte counts correlated with BMD and BMD Z-scores in all measured areas (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Our study confirmed a positive relationship between hematopoiesis and bone metabolism disruption in patients with AN. The reduction in the number of osteoblasts, which create a supportive microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells, leads to a reduction in all analysed blood cells. We hypothesize that a decrease in the number of osteoblasts and hematopoietic cells in patients with AN is associated with an increase in the amount of adipose tissue in the bone marrow. Further study is needed to confirm this hypothesis. Additionally, longitudinal studies should determine the effect of weight changes on hematopoiesis and bone metabolism.
Clinical studies show that hypogonadism in the aging male is associated with obesity and osteoporosis. Experimental studies are mostly conducted on relatively young adult animals and the induced hypogonadism lasts for a relatively short time. The present study aimed to describe the effect of long-term hypogonadism beginning in puberty on body composition, morphometry, and bone mineral density in aged male rats. Morphometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were conducted at the age of 30 months on control and gonadectomized males. Long-term hypogonadism did not affect body weight, but led to a higher fat mass (by 26 %), lower lean mass (by 44 %), shorter body length (by 9 %), and anogenital distance (by 26 %), as well as to lower tail circumference (by 15 %) in comparison to control males. Lower bone mineral density (by 13 %) and bone mineral content (by 15 %) were observed in gonadectomized males. Results showing sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis in this model of long-term hypogonadism might mimic the situation in aging males better than the widely used short-term hypogonadism induced in young animals. The morphometric analysis could potentially be a useful tool to study normal weight obesity without the need for specific equipment.
- MeSH
- adipozita MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- hypogonadismus krev patofyziologie MeSH
- kostní denzita MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- obezita krev patofyziologie MeSH
- orchiektomie MeSH
- osteoporóza krev patofyziologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- sarkopenie krev patofyziologie MeSH
- složení těla * MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cieľ: Zistiť prevalenciu nadváhy a obezity u slovenských detí v rámci WHO projektu COSI (Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative) a porovnať dáta s údajmi celoštátneho antropometrického prieskumu z roku 2011 a okolitých európskych krajín. Súbor a metódy: V súbore 2795 detí (1402 chlapcov, 1525 z vidieka) vo veku 7–7,99 roka sme merali telesnú výšku, hmotnosť, index telesnej hmotnosti (BMI), obvod pása a bokov. Výskyt nadváhy a obezity sme hodnotili podľa kritérií odporúčaných Svetovou zdravotníckou organizáciou (WHO 2007) a Medzinárodnou pracovnou skupinou pre obezitu (IOTF) ako aj podľa národných štandardov v programe LMSGrowth 2.77. Výsledky: S výnimkou obvodu bokov boli priemerné hodnoty antropometrických ukazovateľov významne vyššie u chlapcov (telesná výška a hmotnosť: p <0,001, BMI: p <0,02). Vyšší výskyt nadváhy (o 3,8 %) a obezity (o 2 %) u chlapcov sa potvrdil len pri použití limitov BMI podľa WHO. Bez ohľadu na výber kritéria je prevalencia obezity približne na úrovni priemeru rozvinutých európskych krajín a predstavuje u chlapcov 14,8 % podľa WHO a 8,8 % podľa IOTF (u dievčat 11,1 %, resp. 8,1 %). Použitím domácich kritérií (AP 2001) sú tieto podiely podobné ako pri IOTF (8,8 a 9,5 %). Najvyšší výskyt obezity sme zaznamenali v Nitrianskom kraji (12,3 %, p <0,04). Celkový podiel obéznych detí na Slovensku sa od roku 2011 nezmenil a predstavuje dvojnásobok stavu zisteného v roku 2001. Záver: Posúdenie trendov a rozdielov v prevalencii obezity významne ovplyvňuje výber kritéria. Národné štandardy na Slovensku sa pre deti pred pubertou nelíšia od IOTF. Štandardy WHO nadhodnocujú prevalenciu obezity najmä u chlapcov, a to nielen v porovnaní so slovenskými štandardmi, ale aj s IOTF. Zastavenie stúpajúcej krivky prevalencie obezity u 7-ročných detí po roku 2011 bolo nezávislé od použitého kritéria.
Overweight and obesity among children aged 7–8: Results of the WHO project in Slovakia We assessed the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in 8 geographical regions of Slovakia, according to the WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) protocol and compared it with the data obtained within the National Anthropometric Survey 2011 as well as those from other European countries. Subjects and methods: In 2795 children (1402 boys, 1525 of rural residency), aged 7–7.99 years, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference were assessed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was evaluated according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO 2007) and the International Working Group on Obesity (IOTF) as well as the national standards, using the LMSGrowth 2.77. Results: Mean anthropometric measures were significantly higher in boys (body height and weight: p<0.001, BMI: p<0.02), exception for the hip circumference. Higher prevalence of overweight (by 3.8%) and obesity (by 2%) in boys was confirmed only if the WHO cut-points were employed. Regardless of the criteria employed, the prevalence of obesity was approximately at the average of developed European countries and reached 14.8% according to WHO and 8.8% according to IOTF criteria in boys (girls: 11.1% and 8.1%, respectively). Using national criteria (AP 2001), the prevalence of obesity was similar to that of IOTF (8.8% and 9.5%). The highest incidence of obesity was recorded in the Nitra region (12.3%, p<0.04). The prevalence of obesity in Slovak children has not changed since 2011, and has doubled since 2001. Conclusion: The assessment of trends and differences in the prevalence of obesity are significantly influenced by the selection criteria. National standards in Slovakia are not different from IOTF criteria for pre-pubertal children. The WHO standards significantly overestimate the prevalence of obesity in boys, not only in comparison with the Slovak standards but also with those of IOTF. The prevalence of obesity in 7-year-olds has been stabilized since 2011, independently of employed criteria.
- Klíčová slova
- Childhood obesity surveillance initiative (COSI),
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha * MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Thermally processed food contains advanced glycation end products (AGEs) including N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML). Higher AGEs or circulating CML were shown to be associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. It is unclear whether this association is causal. The aim of our study was to analyze the effects of dietary CML and CML-containing thermally processed food on metabolism in pregnant rats. Animals were fed with standard or with AGE-rich diet from gestation day 1. Third group received standard diet and CML via gavage. On gestation day 18, blood pressure was measured, urine and blood were collected and the oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Plasma AGEs were slightly higher in pregnant rats fed with the AGE-rich diet (p=0.09). A non-significant trend towards higher CML in plasma was found in the CML group (p=0.06). No significant differences between groups were revealed in glucose metabolism or markers of renal functions like proteinuria and creatinine clearance. In conclusion, this study does not support the hypothesis that dietary AGEs such as CML might induce harmful metabolic changes or contribute to the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. The short duration of the rodent gestation warrants further studies analyzing long-term effects of AGEs/CML in preconception nutrition.
- MeSH
- dieta škodlivé účinky trendy MeSH
- gestační diabetes chemicky indukované metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- lysin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky analogy a deriváty MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- produkty pokročilé glykace aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Oxidative stress markers are usually measured in plasma, a stable environment for biomarkers. Blood collection is invasive, but the use of alternative biofluids is limited, due to high variability. In this study, we aimed to establish reference values for oxidative stress markers in plasma, urine and saliva of adult, healthy mice and to identify some sources of variability. Samples were obtained from 41 female and 37 male adult, healthy mice of the CD-1 strain, aged 95-480 days, weighing 21-55 grams. Reference ranges of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products), fructosamine, GSH/GSSG (reduced and oxidized glutathione) ratio, TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were measured in plasma and urine, and TBARS, GSH/GSSG ratio, TAC and FRAP in saliva, using standard spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Salivary GSH/GSSG and urinary AOPP were higher in females. Urinary fructosamine, GSH/GSSG and FRAP were higher in males. Urinary TAC and FRAP negatively correlated with age, and urinary GSH/GSSG positively correlated with weight. We determined that urine and saliva can be obtained non-invasively from mice, in sufficient amounts for reliable oxidative status assessment. Further studies are needed to uncover whether these biofluids reflect systemic oxidative status in diseases.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- fruktosamin krev moč MeSH
- glutathion krev moč MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- sliny metabolismus MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Central obesity represents an increased risk to develop cardiovascular diseases. Guidelines of international societies suggest estimating central obesity by measuring waist circumference (WC). Robust statistical data in literature provide evidence on the superiority of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) over WC and body mass index (BMI) for detecting cardiometabolic risk in both genders. Based on measurements of weight, height and waist circumference we compared the prevalence of central obesity using both the above mentioned criteria in the apparently healthy Slovak adults, and compared the prevalence of central obesity to that of general obesity (BMI). METHODS: Data collected from 5,184 individuals (45% males) aged ≥18 years in four cross-sectional studies carried out between the years 2009-2012 were subjected to secondary analysis. RESULTS: Waist circumference underestimated central obesity in males and overestimated in females: 37.3% of males and 41.8% of females presented central obesity according to WC, 54.2% males and 34.9% females according to WHtR. 17.3% of males centrally obese according to WC present WHtR < 0.5; while 7.8% of females centrally obese according to their WHtR do not display increased WC. The frequency of central obesity increased with age. According to BMI, the prevalence of overweight was 39% in males and 22% in females; that of obesity was 17% and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of central obesity estimated using WC vs. WHtR differs significantly in Slovak adults. WHtR is considered superior for detection of the risk of future development of cardiovascular afflictions. Thus, further studies addressing the gender-associated discordance of central obesity measures are required to determine whether our results are consistent across geographical regions and ethnic groups.
- MeSH
- abdominální obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- antropometrie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- obvod pasu MeSH
- poměr pas/výška MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
