Q95443573
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The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the replacements used in lost vision in the form of the bionic eye, to show their deficiencies and outline other possibilities for non-invasive stimulation of functional areas of the visual cortex. The review highlights the damage not only to the primary altered cellular structures, but also to all other horizontally and vertically localised structures. Based on the results of a large number of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological methods, the authors focus on the pathology of the entire visual pathway in pigmentary retinopathy (PR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study provides a recent overview of the possible systems used to replace lost vision. These range from stimulation with intraocular implants, through stimulation of the optic nerve and lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex. The second part deals with the design of image processing technology and its transformation into the form of transcranial stimulation of undamaged parts of the brain, which is protected by a patent. This is comprehensive overview of the current possibilities of replacement of lost vision and a proposal for a new non-invasive methods of stimulation of functional neurons of the visual cortex.
- MeSH
- elektrostimulační terapie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozek MeSH
- nervus opticus patologie MeSH
- zrakové korové centrum * patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- biomedicínské inženýrství * trendy výchova MeSH
- kurikulum MeSH
- mezioborová studia MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- rozhovory MeSH
Titanium surface treatment is a crucial process for achieving sufficient osseointegration of an implant into the bone. If the implant does not heal sufficiently, serious complications may occur, e.g. infection, inflammation, aseptic loosening of the implant, or the stress-shielding effect, as a result of which the implant may need to be reoperated. After a titanium graft has been implanted, several interactions are crucial in order to create a strong bone-implant connection. It is essential that cells adhere to the surface of the implant. Surface roughness has a significant influence on cell adhesion, and also on improving and accelerating osseointegration. Other highly important factors are biocompatibility and resistance to bacterial contamination. Bio-inertness of titanium is ensured by the protective film of titanium oxides that forms spontaneously on its surface. This film prevents the penetration of metal compounds, and it is well-adhesive for calcium and phosphate ions, which are necessary for the formation of the mineralized bone structure. Since the presence of the film alone is not sufficient for the biocompatibility of titanium, a suitable surface finish is required to create a firm bone-implant connection. In this review, we explain and compare the most widely-used methods for modulating the surface roughness of titanium implants in order to enhance cell adhesion on the surface of the implant, e.g. plasma spraying, sandblasting, acid etching, laser treatment, sol-gel etc., The methods are divided into three overlapping groups, according to the type of modification.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní potahované materiály * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteointegrace * MeSH
- protézy a implantáty * MeSH
- titan * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of problematic and risky sexual behaviour after alcohol consumption and the correlation between this prevalence and sex, behavioural factors, problematic drinking, and alcohol consumption characteristics. METHODS: A survey of students was carried out at four faculties. Data were gathered via internet and self-administered paper-pencil questionnaires. The analysis employed Pearson's chi-squared test, gross odds ratios and logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Problematic drinking was detected by the CAGE test. Sixteen percent of students reached the CAGE score of 2, which indicates a potential threat of addiction, while 6% of students reached even higher problematic scores (3 or 4). Among those respondents who did drink alcohol, 23% had unprotected sex and 21% had sex which they later regretted. There were some differences between male and female respondents with men reporting more instances of risky behaviour. Among university students, problematic and risky sexual behaviour after alcohol use is associated with sex, the intensity of problematic drinking, first drunkenness, the place of alcohol use, and attitude to alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: Problematic drinking and risky sexual behaviour after alcohol consumption exist among students and deserve special attention and response in the form of suitable measures. Problematic and risky sexual behaviour after alcohol consumption among university students is associated with behavioural factors and characteristics of alcohol use that allow a targeted approach to preventive efforts.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riskování * MeSH
- rizikový sex statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- sexuální chování psychologie MeSH
- studenti psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- univerzity MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
For biodegradable porous scaffolds to have a potential application in cartilage regeneration, they should enable cell growth and differentiation and should have adequate mechanical properties. In this study, our aim was to prepare biocompatible scaffolds with improved biomechanical properties. To this end, we have developed foam scaffolds from poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) with incorporated chitosan microparticles. The scaffolds were prepared by a salt leaching technique from either 10 or 15 wt% PCL solutions containing 0, 10 and 20 wt% chitosan microparticles, where the same amount and size of NaCl was used as a porogen in all the cases. PCL scaffolds without and with low amounts of chitosan (0 and 10 wt% chitosan) showed higher DNA content than scaffolds with high amounts of chitosan during a 22-day experiment. 10 wt% PCL with 10 and 20 wt% chitosan showed significantly increased viscoelastic properties compared to 15 wt% PCL scaffolds with 0 and 10 wt% chitosan. Thus, 10 wt% PCL scaffolds with 0 wt% and 10 wt% chitosan are potential scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- chrupavka cytologie fyziologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosféry * MeSH
- polyestery aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- řízená tkáňová regenerace metody MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury * MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The main goal of our study was to compare the quality of resulting facials scar 12 weeks after single and combined laser therapy. Forty-one children from age 1.5 to 5 years with facial scars after injury participated in the study. Thirty-one underwent laser therapy, 14 were treated using single low-level laser therapy (670 nm, fluence 3-5 J/cm(-2) ), and 17 underwent combined high-level laser therapy with non-ablative pulsed dye laser (PDL; 595 nm, spot size 7 mm, delay 0.45 ms or 1.5 ms, fluence 9-11 J/cm(-2) , cryogen spray/delay 20/30 ms) and low-level laser therapy. The control group consisted of 10 untreated children. Before treatment and at week 4, 8, and, 12 the scars were evaluated using the POSAS questionnaire. A statistically significant improvement in scars (between ratings before treatment and 4 weeks after therapy, before treatment and 8 weeks after therapy and before treatment and 12 weeks after therapy) was observed in all parameters in both treatment groups (p < 0.0001). For the HLLT+LLLT group the most significant enhancement in the quality of scars was found for all items and at all evaluations, except pigmentation and pliability. There was no improvement observed in quality of facial scars in the control group.
- MeSH
- barva MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků pacienta MeSH
- jizva patologie radioterapie chirurgie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- laserová terapie s nízkou intenzitou světla * MeSH
- lasery barvivové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obličej MeSH
- ohebnost (fyzika) MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: The Czech Republic has reported one of the highest incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in Europe and the rate continues to rise. Our study undertook a detailed investigation of the incidence and mortality of melanoma relative to sex, age and disease stage. The main goals were to elucidate the causes of the rising trends and explain the differences in development relative to sex, age and disease stage. METHODS AND RESULTS: The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) using the Joinpoint Regression Model was calculated separately for men and women for all age categories and for all T stages of TNM classification. The EAPC for women was slightly higher than for men. This was only found in melanomas thinner than 1 mm (T1). For all other stages (T2, T3 and T4) the situation was worse in men. A higher incidence rate of CM and the higher value of EAPC were found for women in younger age categories (up to 49 years). In the next age category, from 50 to 59 years, the incidence of CM was comparable in both sexes as well as the EAPC. In the older age categories, i.e. 60 years and older, a significant increase was found predominantly in men. The mortality rates were only comparable between men and women in the 20 to 29 year age group. In all other categories there was a higher mortality for men. CONCLUSIONS: The number of melanoma cases in the Czech Republic is increasing faster than any other cancer. Despite improved survival rates, the death rate from CM continues to climb as a result of exponential increases in incidence. Thus primary and secondary prevention campaigns are essential for future reductions in CM incidence and mortality in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom mortalita patologie MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory kůže mortalita patologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Health Technology Assessment (HTA) methods have become a standard part of decision-making processes in healthcare service. Although it is routinely applied in drugs and surgery, HTA in medical devices is still quite challenging. The reason is that the main objective of HTA studies for devices is not optimization of the cost-effectiveness ratio, but rather decisions about procurement and/or incorporation of the device. The clinical benefit is not expressed in terms of quality of life, but in the rate of diagnostic yield, and in the extent to which the technology makes the therapy shorter and/or more patient-friendly. Utilization of multiple-criteria decision-making methods for evaluation of the aggregated clinical, technical and user´s effect (outcome) is recommended as the input to cost-effectiveness analyses. Different methods are derived for strategic and/or operational assessment of new technology. Other studied problems are identification of requirements for medical device selection and purchase, composition of expert panels, and assessment of medical device maintenance demandingness.
