Sedges
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Šáchory (Cyperus L.) jsou jednoleté nebo vytrvalé byliny z čeledi šáchorovitých (Cyperaceae). Rod zahrnuje asi 600 druhů, mezi nimiž najdeme i jedlé a léčivé druhy. Cyperus esculentus je jedlá a léčivá rostlina, široce používaná pro své četné účinkypodporující zdraví, včetně zmírnění pří znaků spojených s neurologickými poruchami. Také Cyperus rotundus se v tradiční medicíně široce používá jako nervové tonikum a sedativum. V extraktech oddenku těchto rostlin bylo objeveno několik bioaktivních látek (například fenolické kyseliny, fenylpropanoidy, terpeny a zejména flavonoidy). Tyto mohou působit jako modulátory funkcí imunitních buněk, proti zánětu a oxidačnímu stresu, ale mají také významné neuroprotektivní účinky, jako jsou neurogeneze a regenerace neuronů, které vedou ke zlepšení výkonu učení a paměti.
Sedges (Cyperus L.) are annual or perennial herbs of the Cyperaceae family. The genus includes about 600 species, including edible and medicinal species. Cyperus esculentus is an edible and medicinal plant, widely used for its numerous health-promoting effects, including alleviating the symptoms associated with neurological disorders. Cyperus rotundus is also widely used in traditional medicine as a nerve tonic and sedative. Several bioactive substances (for example phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, terpenes and especially flavonoids) have been found in the rhizome extracts of these plants. These can act as modulators of immune cell function, against inflammation and oxidative stress, but also have significant neuroprotective effects, such as neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration, which lead to improved learning and memory performance.
Šáchory (Cyperus L.) jsou jednoleté nebo vytrvalé byliny z čeledi šáchorovitých (Cyperaceae). Rod zahrnuje asi 600 druhů, mezi nimiž najdeme i jedlé a léčivé druhy. Cyperus esculentus je jedlá a léčivá rostlina, široce používaná pro své četné účinky podporující zdraví, včetně zmírnění příznaků spojených s neurologickými poruchami. Také Cyperus rotundus se v tradiční medicíně široce používá jako nervové tonikum a sedativum. V extraktech oddenku těchto rostlin bylo objeveno několik bioaktivních látek (například fenolické kyseliny, fenylpropanoidy, terpeny a zejména flavonoidy). Tyto mohou působit jako modulátory funkcí imunitních buněk, proti zánětu a oxidačnímu stresu, ale mají také významné neuroprotektivní účinky, jako jsou neurogeneze a regenerace neuronů, které vedou ke zlepšení výkonu učení a paměti.
sedges (Cyperus L.) are annual or perennial herbs of the Cyperaceae family. The genus includes about 600 species, including edible and medicinal species. Cyperus esculentus is an edible and medicinal plant, widely used for its numerous health-promoting effects, including alleviating the symptoms associated with neurological disorders. Cyperus rotundus is also widely used in traditional medicine as a nerve tonic and sedative. Several bioactive substances (for example phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, terpenes and especially flavonoids) have been found in the rhizome extracts of these plants. these can act as modulators of immune cell function, against inflammation and oxidative stress, but also have significant neuroprotective effects, such as neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration, which lead to improved learning and memory performance.
Tiger nuts and tiger nut milk are well-known Valencian products, and step-by-step these tubers and the tuber-based beverage are becoming more and more relevant products in international markets. However, the increasing demand and success of Valencian tiger nuts did not allow protected designation of origin (PDO) tuber to supply the domestic and international markets. Therefore, the verification of the geographical origin is highly required. In this research, the main objective was to combine an advance analytical method and chemometrics tools in order to decipher the geographical origin of 45 tiger nut samples from (i) 'Xufa de València' PDO and (ii) African samples. The analytical method, based on solid-liquid extraction followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomics approach, highlighted sensitivity and wide linear dynamic range in order to simultaneously analyse polar and non-polar metabolites. After data processing, a pronounced sample clustering according to the geographical origin was clearly observed using unsupervised models, and supervised models revealed that tiger nuts lipidome was associated with the geographical origin. As a result, African samples highlighted an overexpression of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine 34:1, and triacylgricerols crosslinked to environmental stress and alteration of membrane lipid compositions.
The extent of arsenic (As) and metal accumulation in fronds of the As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata (Chinese brake fern) and in leaves of Cyperus involucratus, which grow on the surface of an old flotation tailings pond in the Zambian Copperbelt province, was studied. The tailings consist of two types of material with distinct chemical composition: (1) reddish-brown tailings rich in As, iron (Fe), and other metals, and (2) grey-green tailings with a lower content of As, Fe, and other metals, apart from manganese (Mn). P. vittata accumulates from 2350 to 5018 μg g(-1) As (total dry weight [dw]) in its fronds regardless of different total and plant-available As concentrations in both types of tailings. Concentrations of As in C. involucratus leaves are much lower (0.24-30.3 μg g(-1) dw). Contents of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) in fronds of P. vittata (151-237 and 18-38 μg g(-1) dw, respectively) and in leaves of C. involucratus (96-151 and 9-14 μg g(-1) dw, respectively) are high, whereas concentrations of other metals (Fe, Mn, and zinc [Zn]) are low and comparable with contents of the given metals in common plants. Despite great differences in metal concentrations in the two types of deposited materials, concentrations of most metals in plant tissues are very similar. This indicates an exclusion or avoidance mechanism operating when concentrations of the metals in substrate are particularly high. The results of the investigation show that Chinese brake fern is not only a hyperaccumulator of As but has adapted itself to high concentrations of Cu and Co in flotation tailings of the Zambian Copperbelt.
- MeSH
- arsen analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- Cyperus metabolismus MeSH
- kobalt analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- měď analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- Pteris metabolismus MeSH
- zinek analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Zambie MeSH
Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a crop traditionally grown in Valencia Region (Spain) and other temperate and tropical regions in the world, where its tubers are commonly consumed as tiger nut milk (horchata). Because of their nutritive potential and original taste, these products are beginning to spread internationally and, as consequence, analytical procedures to assess nutritional profiles, quality control issues are acquiring increasing relevance. The main objective of this study was to use an advance analytical method and chemometrics tools to determine if the ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment necessary to extend the shelf life of tiger nut milk would affect the profile of nutrients when compared to fresh product. A cold solvent extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was used. Datasets obtained from UHT and fresh tiger nut milk data were analyzed through an untargeted metabolomics approach to compare chemical patterns, highlighting differences in citric acid esters of mono- diglycerides (CITREM) and monoacylglycerol (MAG) used as emulsifiers of UHT products, and a remarkably higher abundance of biotin, phosphatidic acid (PA) and L-arginine in fresh products. These results showed that untargeted metabolomics through high resolution tandem mass spectrometry allowed fine differences between food products to be found, therefore, the nutrient lost caused by UHT treatment was clearly discerned.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- cukry analýza chemie MeSH
- Cyperus chemie metabolismus MeSH
- diglyceridy chemie MeSH
- emulgátory chemie MeSH
- kvalita jídla * MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza chemie MeSH
- metabolomika * MeSH
- monoglyceridy chemie MeSH
- oleje rostlin analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- vitaminy analýza MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A survey of the ecological variability within 52 populations of Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Soják across its distributional range revealed that it is commonly found in nitrogen (N) limited areas, but rarely in phosphorus limited soils. We explored the hypothesis that S. californicus supplements its nitrogen demand by bacterial N2-fixation processes associated with its roots and rhizomes. We estimated N2-fixation of diazotrophs associated with plant rhizomes and roots from several locations throughout the species' range and conducted an experiment growing plants in zero, low, and high N additions. Nitrogenase activity in rhizomes and roots was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. The presence of diazotrophs was verified by the detection of the nifH gene. Nitrogenase activity was restricted to rhizomes and roots and it was two orders of magnitude higher in the latter plant organs (81 and 2032 nmol C2H4 g DW-1 d-1, respectively). Correspondingly, 40x more nifH gene copies were found on roots compared to rhizomes. The proportion of the nifH gene copies in total bacterial DNA was positively correlated with the nitrogenase activity. In the experiment, the contribution of fixed N to the plant N content ranged from 13.8% to 32.5% among clones from different locations. These are relatively high values for a non-cultivated plant and justify future research on the link between N-fixing bacteria and S. californicus production.
- MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- distribuce rostlin MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- dusík chemie metabolismus MeSH
- fixace dusíku * MeSH
- fosfor chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- nitrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- oddenek metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- šáchorovité metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Jižní Amerika MeSH
- Severní Amerika MeSH
Increasing contamination of soil and groundwater with benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) due to activities of the chemical and oil refinery industry has caused serious environmental damage. Efficient methods are required to isolate and degrade them. Microorganisms associated with rhizosphere soil are considered efficient agents to remediate hydrocarbon contamination. In this study, we obtained a stabilized bacterial consortium from the rhizosphere soil of Cyperus sp. grown in a petroleum-contaminated field in Southern Mexico. This consortium was able to completely degrade BTX in 14 days. Bacteria isolated from the consortium were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Ralstonia insidiosa, Cellulomonas hominis, Burkholderia kururiensis, and Serratia marcescens. The BTX-degradation capacity of the bacterial consortium was confirmed by the detection of genes pheA, todC1, and xylM, which encoded phenol hydroxylase, toluene 1,2-dioxygenase, and xylene monooxygenase, respectively. Our results demonstrate feasibility of BTX biodegradation by indigenous bacteria that might be used for soil remediation in Southern Mexico.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- benzen metabolismus MeSH
- Cyperus růst a vývoj MeSH
- DNA bakterií chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální společenstva * MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí genetika MeSH
- oxygenasy genetika MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- rhizosféra * MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- ropa metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- toluen metabolismus MeSH
- xyleny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mexiko MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- puškvorec obecný,
- MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- puškvorec MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- populární práce MeSH
