One of the main challenges in analyzing chemical messengers in the brain is the optimization of tissue sampling and preparation protocols. Limiting postmortem time and terminating enzyme activity is critical to identify low-abundance neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Here, we used a rapid and uniform conductive heat transfer stabilization method that was compared with a conventional fresh freezing protocol. Together with a selective chemical derivatization method and an optimized quantitation approach using deuterated internal standards, we spatially mapped neurotransmitters and their related metabolites by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in rat brain tissue sections. Although the heat stabilization did not show differences in the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, their related metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were all significantly lower, indicating reduced neurotransmitter postmortem turnover ratios. Heat stabilization enabled detection of an increased number and higher levels of prodynorphin, proenkephalin, and tachykinin-derived bioactive neuropeptides. The low-abundant C-terminal flanking peptide, neuropeptide-γ, and nociceptin remained intact and were exclusively imaged in heat-stabilized brains. Without heat stabilization, degradation fragments of full-length peptides occurred in the fresh frozen tissues. The sample preparation protocols were furthermore tested on rat brains affected by acute anesthesia induced by isoflurane and medetomidine, showing comparable results to non-anesthetized animals on the neurotransmitters level without significant changes. Our data provide evidence for the potential use of heat stabilization prior to MALDI-MSI analyses to improve the examination of the in vivo state of neuronal chemical messengers in brain tissues not impacted by prior acute anesthesia.

• MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Brain Chemistry * physiology   MeSH
• Brain * metabolism   MeSH
• Neurons * metabolism   chemistry   MeSH
• Neurotransmitter Agents * metabolism   analysis   MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization * methods   MeSH
• Hot Temperature * MeSH
• Freezing MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Trigger finger (TF) is a prevalent hand condition characterized by impaired tendon gliding and pulley thickening, leading to pain and functional limitations. This narrative review explores TF's functional assessment, sonographic findings, and conservative treatments. Tools like the Quinnell Grading System and Jamar Dynamometer effectively quantify severity and function, while ultrasound identifies hypoechoic A1 pulley thickening (> 0.62 mm) and tendon snapping. Conservative treatments, including splinting and tendon gliding exercises, reduce pain by 70% within weeks. Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections and percutaneous A1 pulley release improve outcomes with minimal complications. Integrating imaging and personalized therapies optimizes TF management, reducing surgical reliance.

• MeSH
• Precision Medicine * methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Trigger Finger Disorder * therapy   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Fingers diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Tendons diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Ultrasonography methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Trigger finger (TF), also known as stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, is a common pathology of the fingers causing functional deficit of the hand. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches such as extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound-guided (USG) procedures have joined the most traditional conservative treatments as the adaptation of daily activities involving the affected hand and the orthosis. Likewise, the ultrasound (US) examination of the affected finger using modern high-frequency probes has progressively become part of the comprehensive assessment of patients with TF coupled with the medical history, the physical examination, and the functional scales. In this sense, considering the technological advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic fields, the non-surgical strategies have progressively grown defining a rehabilitation panel more complex than in the past. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated practical guide for clinicians and surgeons reviewing the state-of-art of both the assessment and the treatments of patients with TF to plan tailored rehabilitation management taking advantage of the matching of traditional and novel techniques.

• MeSH
• Ultrasonography, Interventional methods   MeSH
• Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Trigger Finger Disorder * diagnosis   rehabilitation   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Mouse neuronal CAD 5 cell line effectively propagates various strains of prions. Previously, we have shown that it can also be differentiated into the cells morphologically resembling neurons. Here, we demonstrate that CAD 5 cells chronically infected with prions undergo differentiation under the same conditions. To make our model more realistic, we triggered the differentiation in the 3D culture created by gentle rocking of CAD 5 cell suspension. Spheroids formed within 1 week and were fully developed in less than 3 weeks of culture. The mature spheroids had a median size of ~300 μm and could be cultured for up to 12 weeks. Increased expression of differentiation markers GAP 43, tyrosine hydroxylase, β-III-tubulin and SNAP 25 supported the differentiated status of the spheroid cells. The majority of them were found in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, which is typical for differentiated cells. Moreover, half of the PrPC on the cell membrane was N-terminally truncated, similarly as in differentiated CAD 5 adherent cells. Finally, we demonstrated that spheroids could be created from prion-infected CAD 5 cells. The presence of prions was verified by immunohistochemistry, western blot and seed amplification assay. We also confirmed that the spheroids can be infected with the prions de novo. Our 3D culture model of differentiated CAD 5 cells is low cost, easy to produce and cultivable for weeks. We foresee its possible use in the testing of anti-prion compounds and future studies of prion formation dynamics.

• MeSH
• Cell Differentiation * physiology   MeSH
• Cell Culture Techniques methods   MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Spheroids, Cellular * metabolism   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Neurons metabolism   MeSH
• Prion Diseases * metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Prions metabolism   MeSH
• Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional methods   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena

Cíl: Zhodnotit různé segmentační programy pro segmentováníjater z MR snímků. Metodika: U sedmi zdravých dobrovolnic (průměrný věk 38,2± 5,5 let, BMI = 28, 6 ± 8,3 kg/m2) bez známého jaterního čicholestatického onemocnění byla provedena tři MR vyšetření - před zahájenímhladovění, po 48 hodinách hladovění a po následné dvoudenní sacharidovérealimentaci. Játra byla segmentována sedmi (polo)automatickými metodami vprogramech 3D Slicer, LiverLab, ITK-SNAP, Myrian a MedSeg a porovnána vůčireferenční manuální segmentaci. Výsledky: Všechny použité metody pro stanovení objemu jater prokázaly dobroupřesnost. Vnitrotřídní koeficienty konzistence i shody byly nad 0,95.Nejlepšího variačního koeficientu (CV) dosáhla segmentace modulemTotalSegmentator z nabídky programu 3D Slicer. Modul TotalSegmentator dosáhl inejlepší přesnosti v rámci individuálního hodnocení efektu dietní intervence,kde byl průměrný CV pod 10 % (ostatní metody měly CV mezi 10-20 %). Závěr: Program 3D Slicer lze považovat za nejlepší zevšech testovaných programů pro segmentace jater z MR snímků z hlediskadostupnosti, přesnosti a rychlosti. V základních úkonech, jako je segmentaceorgánů, dokáže konkurovat i komerčnímu programu. Lze s ním s dobrou přesnostísledovat i změny objemu jater při krátkodobých dietních intervencích.

Aim: To evaluate various segmentation software for liver segmentation from MR images. Method: Three MR examinations were performed on seven healthy volunteers (average age 38.2 ± 5.5 years, BMI = 28.6 ± 8.3 kg/m2 ) without known liver or cholestatic diseases – before initiating fasting, after 48 hours of fasting, and after subsequent two-day carbohydrate realimentation. The livers were segmented using seven (semi)automatic methods of software 3D Slicer, LiverLab, ITK- SNAP, Myrian and MedSeg and compared to the reference manual segmentation. Results: All methods used for liver volume determination showed good accuracy. Intraclass coefficients of consistency and agreement were above 0.95. The TotalSegmentator module in the 3D Slicer program achieved the best coefficient of variation (CV), and also demon- strated the highest accuracy in the individual assessment of the dietary intervention effect, with an average CV below 10% (other methods ranged from 10–20%)

Tato svým námětem a způsobem zpracování mimořádná publikace představuje ucelenou diferenciální diagnostiku dramatického klinického příznaku - bolesti na hrudi. V knize jsou zmíněny nejenom příčiny obvyklé a časté, ale i vzácné a méně obvyklé.; Přehled hlavních klinických jednotek, které se projevují bolestí na hrudi, jejich diagnostika, diferenciální diagnostika a léčba.

• Keywords
• Lékařské obory,
• MeSH
• Chest Pain diagnosis   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Pain Management MeSH
• Pain Measurement MeSH

• NML Fields
• vnitřní lékařství
• algeziologie

PURPOSE: To assess the efficiency and safety of cheek-midface lifting for the ophthalmoplastic reconstructive surgical repair of cicatricial lower eyelid malpositions after previously failed surgery. METHODS: In two ophthalmoplastic clinics, 14 eyelids of 13 patients underwent transconjunctival cheek-midface lifting. In a retrospective audit, changes in margin-reflex distance 2 (MRD2), snap-back test, the position of the eyelid after surgery including improving of the presurgical scleral show, the overall patient's satisfaction as well as complications after surgery were recorded. RESULTS: Following transconjunctival cheek-midface lifting, there was a significant improvement of MRD2, snap-back test, and the scleral show (p < 0.001, respectively). However, in three patients the scleral show persisted despite improved MRD2. All patients were satisfied with the results of the surgery. No post-surgical long-term complications were developed. CONCLUSION: Cheek-midface lifting can be a useful technique in severe cicatricial lower eyelid ectropion after previously failed surgery and is a safe and effective reconstructive method for ophthalmic surgeons with good cosmetical results and little postoperative long-term complications.

• MeSH
• Ectropion * etiology   surgery   MeSH
• Iatrogenic Disease MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Eyelids surgery   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Cheek surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

With this case report, we introduced a rare and commonly overlooked cause of lateral snapping knee, a snapping popliteus in a 14-year-old female patient. She was initially treated for a lateral discoid meniscus, a common diagnosis in this age group. Because of the non-resolving symptoms, a second-look arthroscopy was performed and showed a popliteus tendon snapping over a tubercle on the lateral femoral condyle. Resection of the tubercle resulted with a successful outcome. In evaluating the snapping knee in young children, popliteus tendon should be kept in mind. Key words: snapping popliteus, tubercle, knee, arthroscopy, popping.

• MeSH
• Arthroscopy adverse effects   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Femur MeSH
• Knee Joint * diagnostic imaging   surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Joint Diseases * surgery   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Tendons surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na bolesti na hrudi a hlavně na jejich diagnostiku a terapii v různých oborech. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Přehled hlavních klinických jednotek, které se projevují bolestí na hrudi, jejich diagnostika, diferenciální diagnostika a léčba.

• MeSH
• Chest Pain diagnosis   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Pain Management MeSH
• Pain Measurement MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• vnitřní lékařství
• algeziologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie