• MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• znečištění vody MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• sanitace MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• vodní hospodářství metody   MeSH
• zásobování vodou MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví MeSH
• čištění vody MeSH
• odpadní vody MeSH
• sanitace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• zásobování vodou normy   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní inženýrství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• statistiky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• hygiena
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Autorky se zabývají způsoby monitorování vodního a minerálového hospodářství u patologického novorozence.

The authors deal with methods for monitoring of water and mineral balance in pathologic neonates.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   ošetřování   MeSH
• nemoci novorozenců komplikace   ošetřování   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• vodní a elektrolytová nerovnováha diagnóza   krev   moč   MeSH
• vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH

• MeSH
• pitná voda analýza   MeSH
• sanitace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zásobování vodou statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní inženýrství metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• statistiky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• hygiena
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Bioassays are particularly useful tools to link the chemical and ecological assessments in water quality monitoring. Different methods cover a broad range of toxicity mechanisms in diverse organisms, and account for risks posed by non-target compounds and mixtures. Many tests are already applied in chemical and waste assessments, and stakeholders from the science-police interface have recommended their integration in regulatory water quality monitoring. Still, there is a need to address bioassay suitability to evaluate water samples containing emerging pollutants, which are a current priority in water quality monitoring. The presented interlaboratory study (ILS) verified whether a battery of miniaturized bioassays, conducted in 11 different laboratories following their own protocols, would produce comparable results when applied to evaluate blinded samples consisting of a pristine water extract spiked with four emerging pollutants as single chemicals or mixtures, i.e. triclosan, acridine, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA). Assays evaluated effects on aquatic organisms from three different trophic levels (algae, daphnids, zebrafish embryos) and mechanism-specific effects using in vitro estrogenicity (ER-Luc, YES) and mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation) assays. The test battery presented complementary sensitivity and specificity to evaluate the different blinded water extract spikes. Aquatic organisms differed in terms of sensitivity to triclosan (algae > daphnids > fish) and acridine (fish > daphnids > algae) spikes, confirming the complementary role of the three taxa for water quality assessment. Estrogenicity and mutagenicity assays identified with high precision the respective mechanism-specific effects of spikes even when non-specific toxicity occurred in mixture. For estrogenicity, although differences were observed between assays and models, EE2 spike relative induction EC50 values were comparable to the literature, and E2/EE2 equivalency factors reliably reflected the sample content. In the Ames, strong revertant induction occurred following 3-NBA spike incubation with the TA98 strain, which was of lower magnitude after metabolic transformation and when compared to TA100. Differences in experimental protocols, model organisms, and data analysis can be sources of variation, indicating that respective harmonized standard procedures should be followed when implementing bioassays in water monitoring. Together with other ongoing activities for the validation of a basic bioassay battery, the present study is an important step towards the implementation of bioanalytical monitoring tools in water quality assessment and monitoring.

• MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• čištění vody MeSH
• kvalita vody * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• voda * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Surface waters can contain a diverse range of organic pollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and industrial compounds. While bioassays have been used for water quality monitoring, there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of individual micropollutants and their relationship to the overall mixture effect in water samples. In this study, a battery of in vitro bioassays based on human and fish cell lines and whole organism assays using bacteria, algae, daphnids and fish embryos was assembled for use in water quality monitoring. The selection of bioassays was guided by the principles of adverse outcome pathways in order to cover relevant steps in toxicity pathways known to be triggered by environmental water samples. The effects of 34 water pollutants, which were selected based on hazard quotients, available environmental quality standards and mode of action information, were fingerprinted in the bioassay test battery. There was a relatively good agreement between the experimental results and available literature effect data. The majority of the chemicals were active in the assays indicative of apical effects, while fewer chemicals had a response in the specific reporter gene assays, but these effects were typically triggered at lower concentrations. The single chemical effect data were used to improve published mixture toxicity modeling of water samples from the Danube River. While there was a slight increase in the fraction of the bioanalytical equivalents explained for the Danube River samples, for some endpoints less than 1% of the observed effect could be explained by the studied chemicals. The new mixture models essentially confirmed previous findings from many studies monitoring water quality using both chemical analysis and bioanalytical tools. In short, our results indicate that many more chemicals contribute to the biological effect than those that are typically quantified by chemical monitoring programs or those regulated by environmental quality standards. This study not only demonstrates the utility of fingerprinting single chemicals for an improved understanding of the biological effect of pollutants, but also highlights the need to apply bioassays for water quality monitoring in order to prevent underestimation of the overall biological effect.

• MeSH
• biotest metody   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• kvalita vody * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH

Passive sampling techniques have been increasingly used to evaluate pollution of various environmental compartments. In many studies, fish and other aquatic biota have been monitored to assess the bioavailable fraction of pollutants. This review discusses the potential of two types of passive sampling devices (SPMD and Chemcatcher), which may serve as an efficient tool for monitoring of environmental pollutants, such as organochlorine pesticides (OCP), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in river waters, sediments and soil. Purification of SPMD extracts was performed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For identification and quantification GC/MS was used. Passive sampling devices are suitable tools for routine monitoring of environmental pollution enabling the examination of environmental matrices without repeated sampling and analyzing high water volumes.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení   MeSH

• MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zásobování vodou MeSH