anaerobic metabolism Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Advances in cardiology ; 35
1st ed. x, 158 s.
- Klíčová slova
- Anaerobní práh, Plíce - nemoci, Srdce - nemoci,
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- anaerobní práh MeSH
- kardiovaskulární systém metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci srdce MeSH
- plicní nemoci MeSH
- svaly metabolismus MeSH
- tělesná námaha MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- biochemie
- fyziologie
Insect cold tolerance depends on their ability to withstand or repair perturbations in cellular homeostasis caused by low temperature stress. Decreased oxygen availability (hypoxia) can interact with low temperature tolerance, often improving insect survival. One mechanism proposed for such responses is that whole-animal cold tolerance is set by a transition to anaerobic metabolism. Here, we provide a test of this hypothesis in an insect model system (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) by experimental manipulation of oxygen availability while measuring metabolic rate, critical thermal minimum (CTmin), supercooling point and changes in 43 metabolites in moth larvae at three key timepoints (before, during and after chill coma). Furthermore, we determined the critical oxygen partial pressure below which metabolic rate was suppressed (c. 4.5 kPa). Results showed that altering oxygen availability did not affect (non-lethal) CTmin nor (lethal) supercooling point. Metabolomic profiling revealed the upregulation of anaerobic metabolites and alterations in concentrations of citric acid cycle intermediates during and after chill coma exposure. Hypoxia exacerbated the anaerobic metabolite responses induced by low temperatures. These results suggest that cold tolerance of T. leucotreta larvae is not set by oxygen limitation, and that anaerobic metabolism in these larvae may contribute to their ability to survive in necrotic fruit.
- MeSH
- aklimatizace fyziologie MeSH
- aminokyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- anaerobióza fyziologie MeSH
- bazální metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- homeostáza fyziologie MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- larva fyziologie MeSH
- metabolomika MeSH
- můry fyziologie MeSH
- nízká teplota MeSH
- reakce na chladový šok fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Anaerobic microorganisms (anaerobes) possess a fascinating metabolic versatility. This characteristic makes anaerobes interesting candidates for physiological studies and utilizable as microbial cell factories. To investigate the physiological characteristics of an anaerobic microbial population, yield, productivity, specific growth rate, biomass production, substrate uptake, and product formation are regarded as essential variables. The determination of those variables in distinct cultivation systems may be achieved by using different techniques for sampling, measuring of growth, substrate uptake, and product formation kinetics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of methods is presented, and the applicability is discussed in the frame of anaerobic microbiology and biotechnology.
A prerequisite for successful identification of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria from samples of clinical material is the method of cultivation. Currently, several methods of cultivation in anaerobic environment are used: cultivation in anaerobic box, anaerobic jar, and in nonrecurring cultivation system. Here, we determined the suitability of the above methods of cultivation using the estimation of the growth (diameters of colony size) of commonly isolated anaerobic pathogens (Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, and Clostridium perfringens). The tested bacterial strains were exposed to atmospheric oxygen for various time periods and then they were cultivated using different anaerobic cultivation systems. Maximum growth differed, depending on the type of cultivation and the strain used. Thus, largest zone diameters, in the majority of measurements, were achieved in the anaerobic box. However, nonrecurring cultivation system seemed better in several cases; this applied to the cultivation of C. perfringens after 15, 30, and 60 min exposure to atmospheric oxygen as well as the cultivation of B. fragilis after 30 and 60 min of oxygen exposure. The cultivation in anaerobic box was the most convenient method for growth of C. difficile. In almost all cases, higher growth was observed in nonrecurring cultivation system than in the system of anaerobic jar. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed among these anaerobic cultivation systems which confirmed their applicability (taking into account some individual features concerning the optimization of cultivations) for identification of pathogenic anaerobes.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- anaerobní bakterie metabolismus MeSH
- Bacteroides fragilis metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridioides difficile metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridium perfringens metabolismus MeSH
- klostridiové infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
