Publikace se zaměřuje na různá témata napříč lékařstvím, lidskou anatomií a kulturní antropologií. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Vědění i veselí je možno sdílet různě. Konvenčně i nekonvenčně, písmem i obrazem, pojmy i pocity, suše i šťavnatěji. Podrobné informace lze nyní získat o kdečem snadno, zpravidla však nikoli je prožít s všetečnou radostí. Již Karel Havlíček (míněno Borovský) a mnozí s ním naznačili, že leccos podstatného lze popsat také v rýmu, jistě i obyčejnou rýmu, což prospívá vtipu a šprýmu. Za života se člověk až do smrti bez těla neobejde. A bez mysli to také nestojí za nic. Obojí může někdy pomoci udržovat medicína. Popsat nástroje života, smrti a medicíny po součástkách a v součástech jinak, než je běžné, se možná nesluší ve vědě, naopak vědění to prospívá. Autoři se desítky let věnují vědecké antropologii a klinické medicíně, ale po pracovní době sobě i vědě rádi odlehčí i jinak. Třeba touto přilnavou knížkou O životě, smrti a medicíně s humorem, která ke čtenáři přilne a nepustí, protože od něj neočekává mentální výkon, hledání smyslu života ani vážnost. Jak prolínat ironii s fakty a fakta s ironií, tím se zde moří dva profesoři a četní originální profíci, malíři a grafici. Navíc je nutno skromně poznamenat, že vše v knize uvedené je čirá pravda, čímž se liší od mnohých jiných. Knížka bude též skvělým dárkem, jimž dárce obdarovanému odhalí hloubku a jedinečnost své vlastní osobnosti. Překvapí nepřipravené, snad nepohorší, zcela jistě nikoho ani nezarmoutí. V dnešním digitálním světě umožní konkurovat umělé inteligenci pouhým člověčenstvím a imaginací. Učiňme se četbou uvolněnějšími a skvělejšími!

• MeSH
• Anatomy MeSH
• Anthropology, Cultural MeSH
• Medicine MeSH
• Death MeSH
• Life MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Popular Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• lékařství
• antropologie

Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) older adults experience long-term minority stress due to societal norms that lead to discrimination and stigma. The purpose of the research was to compare the differences in subjective psychological well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults according to their living environment. Methods: A purposive sample comprising 318 LGBTQ+ older adults was recruited for the quantitative survey. In the initial stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. To examine the aim of the study, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed, followed by a post hoc analysis to identify any variations in the perception of well-being based on the living environment. Results: Significant differences in well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults across living environments were observed for three items (p < 0.05): WB1 - ... I feel cheerful and in good spirits, WB2 - ... I feel calm and relaxed and WB4 - ... I wake up feeling fresh and rested. With post hoc analysis, we showed statistically significant differences in the perception of subjective psychological well-being according to the three living environments. Conclusion: Our findings indicate significant variations in subjective psychological well-being among LGBTQ+ older adults across different residential settings in Slovenia. While these findings may not generalise to other settings, further research using larger samples and in other EU countries should explore the role of living environments on LGBTQ+ older adults' subjective psychological well-being.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities * psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Rural Population statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Environment * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovenia MeSH

Publikácia sa zameriava na duševné zdravie a rôzne témy súvisiace s LGBTQ+ jedincami. Určené odbornej verejnosti.

• MeSH
• Bisexuality MeSH
• Mental Health MeSH
• Gender Identity MeSH
• Homosexuality MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities psychology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychologie
• NML Fields
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• sociologie

INTRODUCTION: Initial evidence suggests that engaging with accepting communities on social media such as Instagram may inform sexual minority youths' sense of stigma and well-being. However, as existing research has predominately drawn upon cross-sectional or qualitative designs, it is currently unclear whether the positive experiences identified in previous research accumulate, endure, or evolve over time. We also know relatively little about whether engagement with accepting online communities is primarily a compensatory or enhancing behavior. Thus, drawing upon minority stress theory and broaden-and-build theory, this study explores the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between perceived stigma, well-being, and engagement with accepting Instagram communities. METHOD: Three-wave panel data were collected from 460 sexual minority youth in the United States and Poland (M age = 18.58, SD = 1.64), and data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS: At the between-person level, engagement with accepting Instagram communities was positively associated with perceived stigma and negatively associated with well-being. No significant within-person associations emerged between perceived stigma and engagement with accepting Instagram networks. However, a positive reciprocal relationship was found between well-being and engagement with accepting Instagram communities. Cultural context had no moderating effect on the hypothesized model. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that whilst the interrelations between perceived stigma and engaging with accepting online networks may be short-lived, engaging with supportive Instagram communities may contribute to an upward spiral of positive emotions. Findings therefore extend the existing literature regarding the potential benefits of social media use amongst sexual minority youth.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities * psychology   MeSH
• Social Media * MeSH
• Social Stigma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Poland MeSH
• United States MeSH

This study examines the challenges vulnerable populations in Albania face in accessing healthcare, focusing on structural, access-related, and socio-cultural barriers. Using a qualitative approach, it involved 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 118 participants from diverse backgrounds, including individuals with disabilities and members of the Roma and Egyptian communities. Data were collected between 2019 and 2020 as part of the "Health Vulnerability Study in Albania", commissioned by the "Health for All Project" (HAP) and approved by the Albanian Committee of Medical Ethics. Oral consent was obtained, and discussions were recorded to explore participants' experiences and perspectives in-depth. Key findings highlight limited healthcare infrastructure, negative perceptions of the health insurance system, and discrimination, which erode trust in healthcare providers. Vulnerable groups included socio-economically disadvantaged individuals, older adults, the LGBT community, and women facing domestic violence or unemployment. The study calls for reforms in healthcare infrastructure, health insurance, and cultural competence training for providers to address disparities.

• MeSH
• Health Services Accessibility * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities MeSH
• Social Discrimination statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Quality Assurance, Health Care methods   MeSH
• Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation MeSH
• Vulnerable Populations * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Albania MeSH

Ciele: Cieľom pilotného projektu bolo zvýšiť testovanie ako aj prepojenie so zdravotnou starostlivosťou o novodiagnostikované osoby s infekciou HIV/HCV/syfilisu a tiež zlepšiť zber a prenos údajov pomocou štandardných nástrojov zberu údajov z komunitných centier poskytujúcich dobrovoľné poradenstvo a testovanie (CBVCT) do národného epidemiologického a monitorovacieho systému. Metódy: Integrované dobrovoľné anonymné testovanie z krvi na HIV, HCV a syfilis bolo realizované pomocou rýchlych testov v období 6 mesiacov (03/2019 až 8/2019). Účastníkom s reaktívnymi výsledkami sa odporučilo, aby navštívili špecialistu za účelom potvrdenia diagnózy a nasadenia terapie. Výsledky: Otestovaných bolo 675 klientov na HIV, 410 na HCV a 457 na syfilis. Medián veku účastníkov sa pohyboval od 24 do 35,6 (IQR:24), 75,3 % z nich bolo mužov, 23,7 % žien a 0,6 % transrodových ľudí. Z hľadiska rizika akvírovania testovaných infekcii 48,9 % zo 675 klientov boli muži majúci styk s mužmi (MSM), 0,3 % osoby pracujúce v sex-biznise (SW), 9,0 % injekční užívatelia drog (PWID), 2,4 % migranti (Mi) a 8,3 % klientov uvádzalo kombináciu týchto rizík. Pilotný projekt odhalil infekciu HIV u 0,4 %, HCV u 2,4 % a T. pallidum u 1,8 % klientov. Len 2 klienti, s potvrdenou HIV infekciou boli prepojení s následnou zdravotnou starostlivosťou. Najvyššia prevalencia HIV bola zistená u MSM/Mi (4,2 %), HCV u PWID (30,8 %) a syfilisu u SW/PWID (7,1 %). Bezkondómový styk so SW, PWID, MSM a HIV pozitívnymi za posledných 12 mesiacov uviedlo 5/92, 41/82, 3/78 a 0/88 odpovedajúcich klientov. Výsledky štúdie boli zahrnuté do ročnej národnej epidemiologickej správy. Záver: Pilotný projekt odhalil potrebu podpory integrovaného testovania v CBVCT, prekonania prekážok pri potvrdzujúcom testovaní a prepojení so zdravotnou starostlivosťou ako aj potrebu integrácie základných údajov v rámci monitorovania a hodnotenia (M&E) testovania v CBVCT do národných systémov surveillance na Slovensku.

Aim: Aim of the pilot was to increase HIV/HCV/syphilis testing and linkage to care of newly diagnosed persons, improve data collection and transfer using standard data collection tools in CBVCT services. Methods: Integrated anonymous voluntary testing from blood for HIV, HCV and syphilis was realised using rapid tests in the period of 6 months (03/2019–08/2019). Participants with reactive results were advised to see a specialist for confirmatory testing and/or treatment. Results: A total of 675 clients were tested for HIV, 410 for HCV, and 457 for syphilis. Participants’ median age ranged from 24 to 35.6 (IQR: 24), 75.3% of them were men, 23.7% were women, and 0.6% identified as transgender. In terms of groups at risk 48.9 % of 675 clients were men who have sex with men (MSM), 0.3 % sex workers (SW), 9.0 % people who inject drugs (PWID), 2.4 % migrants (Mi) and the rest of clients (8.3 %) belonged to groups at combined risk. Pilot revealed HIV, HCV and T. pallidum infections in 0.4 %, 2.4 % and 1.8 % of clients, respectively. Just 2 clients, confirmed HIV-positive, were linked to care. The highest prevalence of HIV (4.2 %), HCV (30.8 %) and syphilis (7.1 %) was found among MSM/Mi, PWID and SW/PWID, respectively. Condomless intercourse with SW, PWID, MSM and HIV-positive person in the last 12 months was reported by 5/92, 41/82, 3/78 and 0/88 of responding clients, respectively. Core indicators were included in the yearly national epidemiological report. Conclusions: Pilot revealed the need to support integrated CBVCT to overcome barriers in confirmatory testing and linkage to care and to integrate core data of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) testing framework at CBVCT services into a national surveillance and M&E systems in Slovakia.

• MeSH
• Anonymous Testing * MeSH
• Hepatitis C diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• HIV Infections diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care, Integrated methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Public Health Surveillance methods   MeSH
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases * diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities MeSH
• Preventive Health Services methods   MeSH
• Syphilis diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Drug Users * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Minority Groups MeSH
• Sexual and Gender Minorities MeSH
• Social Marginalization MeSH
• Social Work * methods   trends   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Trematodes of the order Diplostomida are well known as serious pathogens of man, and both farm and wild animals; members of the genus Schistosoma (Schistosomatidae) are responsible for human schistosomosis (schistosomiasis) affecting more than 200 million people in tropical and subtropical countries, and infections of mammals and birds by animal schistosomes are of great veterinary importance. The order Diplostomida is also rich in species parasitizing other major taxa of vertebrates. The "Aporocotylidae" sensu lato are pathogenic in fish, "Spirorchiidae" sensu lato in reptiles. All these flukes have two-host life cycles, with asexually reproducing larvae usually in mollusks and occasionally in annelids, and adults usually live in the blood vessels of their vertebrate hosts. Pathology is frequently associated with inflammatory reactions to eggs trapped in various tissues/organs. On the other hand, the representatives of Diplostomidae and Strigeidae have three- or four-host life cycles in which vertebrates often serve not only as definitive but also as intermediate or paratenic hosts. Pathology is usually associated with migration of metacercariae and mesocercariae within the host tissues. The impact of these trematode infections on both farm and wild animals may be significant.

• MeSH
• Trematode Infections * parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Host-Parasite Interactions MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Schistosomatidae genetics   MeSH
• Life Cycle Stages MeSH
• Trematoda physiology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Reproductive isolation and hybrid sterility are mechanisms that maintain the genetic integrity of species and prevent the introgression of heterospecific genes. However, crosses of closely related species can lead to complex evolution, such as the formation of all-female lineages that reproduce clonally. Bighead catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) and North African catfish (C. gariepinus) diverged 40 million years ago. They are cultivated and hybridized in Thailand for human consumption. Male hybrids are sterile due to genome-wide chromosome asynapsis during meiosis. Although female hybrids are sometimes fertile, their chromosome configuration during meiosis has not yet been studied. METHODS: We analyzed meiosis in the hybrid female catfish at pachytene (synaptonemal complexes) and diplotene (lampbrush chromosomes), using immunostaining to detect chromosome pairing and double-stranded break formation, and FISH with species-specific satellite DNAs to distinguish the parental chromosomes. RESULTS: More than 95% of oocytes exhibited chromosome asynapsis in female hybrid catfish; however, they were able to progress to the diplotene stage and form mature eggs. The remaining oocytes underwent premeiotic endoreplication, followed by synapsis and crossing over between sister chromosomes, similar to known clonal lineages in fish and reptiles. DISCUSSION: The occurrence of clonal reproduction in female hybrid catfish suggests a unique model for studying gametogenic alterations caused by hybridization and their potential for asexual reproduction. Our results further support the view that clonal reproduction in certain hybrid animals relies on intrinsic mechanisms of sexually reproducing parental species, given their multiple independent origins with the same mechanism.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Parasite-mediated selection is considered one of the potential mechanisms contributing to the coexistence of asexual-sexual complexes. Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio), an invasive fish species in Europe, often forms populations composed of gynogenetic and sexual specimens. METHODS: The experimental infection was induced in gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp using eye-fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum (Trematoda), and the transcriptome profile of the spleen as a major immune organ in fish was analyzed to reveal the differentially expressed immunity-associated genes related to D. pseudospathaceum infection differing between gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp. RESULTS: High parasite infection was found in gynogenetic fish when compared to genetically diverse sexuals. Although metacercariae of D. pseudospathaceum are situated in an immune-privileged organ, our results show that eye trematodes may induce a host immune response. We found differential gene expression induced by eye-fluke infection, with various impacts on gynogenetic and sexual hosts, documenting for the majority of DEGs upregulation in sexuals, and downregulation in asexuals. Differences in gene regulation between gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp were evidenced in many immunity-associated genes. GO analyses revealed the importance of genes assigned to the GO terms: immune function, the Notch signaling pathway, MAP kinase tyrosine/threonine/phosphatase activity, and chemokine receptor activity. KEGG analyses revealed the importance of the genes involved in 12 immunity-associated pathways - specifically, FoxO signaling, adipocytokine signaling, TGF-beta signaling, apoptosis, Notch signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling, efferocytosis, intestinal immune network for IgA production, insulin signaling, virion - human immunodeficiency virus, Toll-like receptor signaling, and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. DISCUSSION: Our study indicates the limited potential of asexual fish to cope with higher parasite infection (likely a loss of capacity to induce an effective immune response) and highlights the important role of molecular mechanisms associated with immunity for the coexistence of gynogenetic and sexual gibel carp, potentially contributing to its invasiveness.

• MeSH
• Trematode Infections * veterinary   immunology   parasitology   MeSH
• Host-Parasite Interactions immunology   MeSH
• Carps parasitology   immunology   genetics   MeSH
• Fish Diseases * immunology   parasitology   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
• Reproduction immunology   MeSH
• Gene Expression Profiling MeSH
• Transcriptome MeSH
• Trematoda * physiology   MeSH
• Introduced Species * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH